Office des Nations Unies à Genève United Nations Office at Geneva Project of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) "Strengthening cooperation of Central-Asian countries in using ad- vanced technologies in energy efficiency and renewable energy sources" Compiled by Expert Vladimir V. Kouzmitch Minsk 2013 List of Content I. Progress in energy efficiency and renewable energy in the countries of Central Asia ............ 4 • Review of the status of the energy efficiency sector in the countries under study................ 5 Kazakhstan ................................................................................................................................. 5 Kyrgyzstan .................................................................................................................................. 6 Tajikistan .................................................................................................................................... 8 Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................... 10 Uzbekistan ................................................................................................................................. 11 • Review of the sector of renewable energy sources (RESs) .................................................. 12 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................... 12 Kyrgyzstan ................................................................................................................................ 13 Tajikistan .................................................................................................................................. 14 Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................... 16 Uzbekistan ................................................................................................................................. 17 • Review of the legislative base in the area of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources (stimulation mechanisms, main barriers for implementing projects in energy efficiency and renewable energy sources) and key institutions and organizations, responsible for implementing the policy in the sphere of increase of energy efficiency and use of RESs ......... 19 Normative-legal base ................................................................................................................. 19 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................... 19 Kyrgyzstan ................................................................................................................................ 19 Tajikistan .................................................................................................................................. 20 Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................... 21 Uzbekistan ................................................................................................................................. 21 Review of the climate policy of the countries of the region in the part related to the increase of energy efficiency and progress with RESs ................................................................................. 22 Main institutes, responsible for implementing the state policy in the sphere of energy efficiency and RESs .................................................................................................................................... 23 Mechanisms to stimulate the increase of energy efficiency and progress of RESs .................... 23 Main obstacles to increase of energy efficiency and progress of RESs ..................................... 25 II. Analysis of results of fulfilment of national programmes in the area of renewable energy sources ............................................................................................................................................... 27 1. Analysis of the goals of national programmes ....................................................................... 27 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................... 27 Kyrgyzstan ................................................................................................................................ 27 Tajikistan .................................................................................................................................. 28 Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................... 29 Uzbekistan ................................................................................................................................. 30 2. Implementation of national programmes by types of RESs ................................................. 30 Kazakhstan................................................................................................................................. 30 Kyrgyzstan .................................................................................................................................. 31 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................... 31 Turkmenistan............................................................................................................................. 32 Uzbekistan .................................................................................................................................. 32 Wind energy sector ................................................................................................................... 32 Kazakhstan................................................................................................................................. 32 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................... 33 Turkmenistan............................................................................................................................. 34 Uzbekistan .................................................................................................................................. 34 Solar energy, including photovoltaic ...................................................................................... 34 Kazakhstan................................................................................................................................. 34 2 Kyrgyzstan .................................................................................................................................. 35 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................... 35 Turkmenistan............................................................................................................................. 35 Uzbekistan .................................................................................................................................. 35 Use of biomass ........................................................................................................................... 36 Kazakhstan................................................................................................................................. 36 Kyrgyzstan .................................................................................................................................. 36 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................... 36 Uzbekistan .................................................................................................................................. 37 Geothermal energy ................................................................................................................... 37 Kazakhstan................................................................................................................................. 37 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................... 37 Turkmenistan............................................................................................................................. 38 3. Overview of the developed technologies and renewable energy equipment produced in Central Asia countries. Their effectiveness .................................................................................. 38 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................... 38 Kyrgyzstan ................................................................................................................................ 39 Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................... 40 Uzbekistan ................................................................................................................................. 41 4. Review of international cooperation in the field of energy efficiency