1 Supplementary information Table S1: Mean and SD (in mm) of stigma height (Stigma), anther height (Anther), herkogamy (HER) and mismatch (MM) of the species used in this study. Style length polymorphisms (PM) included are distyly (D) and stigma-height dimorphism (SHD). L and S represent the long- and short-styled morphs (M), respectively for mean sex organ heights and mean herkogamy. UP and LO represent upper and lower sex organ level (SL) for mean mismatch. Sample size is denoted by n. Reference denotes the serial number for the study from which data was extracted as per References at the end of this table. Three distylous species (Arcytophyllum macbridei, Polygonum hastatosagittatum and Psychotria trichophora) which were not identified by the phylogenetic tree but were included in evaluation of allometric relationship between anther and stigma heights have also been included in this table. Species PM M/SL n Stigma SD Anther SD HER SD MM SD Ref Arcytophyllum aristatum D L/UP 12 5.40 0.50 3.80 0.20 1.70 0.50 4.66 0.36 1 Standl. S/LO 12 4.20 0.20 5.50 0.50 1.30 0.40 0.46 0.29 Arcytophyllum capitatum D L/UP 17 7.50 1.00 3.40 0.50 4.10 1.20 1.27 1.13 1 (Benth.) K.Schum. S/LO 16 3.60 0.60 6.30 0.70 2.70 0.90 0.58 0.47 Arcytophyllum ciliolatum D L/UP 12 4.60 0.50 2.60 0.30 2.00 0.40 0.70 0.50 1 Standl. S/LO 12 2.30 0.40 4.80 0.70 2.50 0.60 0.49 0.31 Arcytophyllum filiforme D L/UP 10 5.30 1.00 4.00 0.20 1.30 0.60 1.23 0.83 1 (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl. S/LO 10 3.40 0.60 4.70 0.90 1.30 0.80 0.92 0.64 Arcytophyllum lavarum D L/UP 104 5.00 0.80 3.50 0.70 2.70 0.21 0.62 0.50 1, 2 K.Schum. S/LO 100 2.70 0.50 5.60 0.80 1.98 0.22 0.64 0.50 Arcytophyllum macbridei D L/UP 30 9.40 1.00 5.70 0.60 3.70 1.00 1.38 0.97 1 Standl. S/LO 23 5.20 0.40 8.20 0.70 3.00 0.70 0.78 0.57 Arcytophyllum rivetii D L/UP 11 5.60 0.80 3.50 0.60 2.00 0.60 0.77 0.59 1 Danguy & Cherm. S/LO 10 3.00 0.40 5.30 0.60 2.20 0.60 0.59 0.59 Arcytophyllum setosum D L/UP 10 8.10 0.80 5.40 0.60 2.80 0.80 1.13 0.76 1 (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltdl. S/LO 10 4.20 0.80 7.40 0.80 3.20 0.70 1.31 0.79 2 Table 1 continued. Species PM M/SL n Stigma SD Anther SD HER SD MM SD Ref Arcytophyllum thymifolium D L/UP 11 6.70 0.60 3.10 0.10 3.50 0.50 0.81 0.57 1 (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl. S/LO 10 3.40 0.80 6.40 0.70 3.00 0.80 0.54 0.43 Arcytophyllum vernicosum D L/UP 14 5.10 0.50 2.80 0.40 2.30 0.50 0.83 0.59 1 Standl. S/LO 14 3.20 0.40 5.00 0.90 1.80 1.10 0.56 0.43 Bouvardia ternifolia D L/UP 25 27.50 2.60 20.70 2.50 6.60 1.00 3.05 2.33 3, 4 (Cav.) Schltdl. S/LO 25 21.00 2.10 28.40 2.70 7.40 2.30 2.58 1.96 Carapichea ipecacuanha D L/UP 31 7.20 0.80 3.90 0.40 3.21 0.49 1.02 0.70 5 (Brot.) L.Andersson S/LO 33 3.20 0.50 6.40 0.70 3.11 0.55 0.68 0.46 Chassalia corallioides D L/UP 25 13.18 1.23 10.79 1.39 3.45 1.06 2.33 1.67 6 (Cordem.) Verdc. S/LO 25 7.61 1.46 14.00 1.60 9.35 1.82 4.36 1.64 Cordia dodecandra D L/UP 8 38.60 2.70 27.90 1.60 7.90 2.50 - - 7 A.DC. S/LO 10 26.10 3.20 35.31 4.00 5.70 3.70 - - Cordia macrocephala D L/UP 22 13.69 1.35 9.15 1.13 4.54 1.16 1.81 1.18 8 (Desv.) Kunth S/LO 17 11.27 0.94 12.37 1.12 1.12 0.71 2.14 1.40 Cordia sebestena D L/UP 9 31.30 2.70 25.80 2.40 6.00 1.90 - - 7 L. S/LO 11 25.30 2.20 31.90 2.10 5.30 2.40 - - Coussarea platyphylla D L/UP 50 43.18 9.31 37.76 7.99 9.73 7.22 9.11 6.70 9 Müll.Arg. S/LO 47 28.31 3.42 45.24 6.29 17.03 5.92 11.01 6.50 Damnacanthus indicus D L/UP 11 11.68 1.43 8.83 0.99 2.85 0.75 1.63 1.13 10 C.F.Gaertn. S/LO 11 7.50 0.89 10.63 1.04 3.13 0.75 1.55 0.98 3 Table 1 continued. Species PM M/SL n Stigma SD Anther SD HER SD MM SD Ref Damnacanthus major D L/UP 10 13.48 1.65 7.57 1.20 5.92 1.71 2.58 1.65 10 Siebold & Zucc. S/LO 12 8.56 1.35 11.05 1.04 2.49 1.06 1.63 1.14 Declieuxia fruticosa D L/UP 84 5.46 0.71 3.22 0.43 2.20 0.56 0.90 0.65 11 (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze S/LO 90 3.53 0.59 5.53 0.81 2.01 0.79 1.05 0.57 Dionysia aretioides D L/UP 2 14.50 - 7.75 - 6.75 - - - 12 (Lehm.) Boiss. S/LO 2 7.75 - 15.50 - 7.75 - - - Dionysia bryoides D L/UP 2 11.00 - 4.75 - 6.25 - - - 12 Boiss. S/LO 2 4.75 - 9.50 - 4.75 - - - Dionysia hissarica D L/UP 2 14.00 - 7.00 - 7.00 - - - 12 Lipsky S/LO 2 7.00 - 14.00 - 7.00 - - - Dionysia lurorum D L/UP 2 13.00 - 6.00 - 7.00 - - - 12 Wendelbo S/LO 2 4.75 - 14.00 - 9.25 - - - Dionysia tapetodes D L/UP 2 11.75 - 7.75 - 4.00 - - - 12 Bunge S/LO 2 4.75 - 11.50 - 6.75 - - - Faramea occidentalis D L/UP 50 13.35 1.51 9.48 1.25 3.87 0.85 0.16 0.12 13 (L.) A.Rich. S/LO 50 6.78 1.09 12.94 1.11 6.17 1.66 0.28 0.16 Faramea suerrensis D L/UP 21 7.32 0.42 5.27 0.55 2.05 0.63 1.20 0.77 14 (Donn.Sm.) Donn.Sm. S/LO 11 2.96 0.27 8.48 0.76 5.52 0.65 2.31 0.59 Gaertnera vaginata D L/UP 25 22.12 1.57 13.69 1.38 8.43 1.55 3.12 2.11 15 Lam. S/LO 25 11.68 1.33 18.41 2.01 6.78 1.92 3.02 1.55 4 Table 1 continued. Species PM M/SL n Stigma SD Anther SD HER SD MM SD Ref Galianthe peruviana D L/UP 50 3.80 0.57 2.17 0.42 1.61 2.40 - - 11 (Pers.) E.L.Cabral S/LO 98 2.13 0.68 3.34 0.62 1.28 1.04 - - Galianthe valerianoides D L/UP 72 5.03 0.57 3.46 0.46 1.57 0.57 - - 11 (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L.Cabral S/LO 38 2.76 0.52 4.94 0.85 2.17 0.63 - - Gelsemium sempervirens D L/UP 50 28.13 3.85 14.70 2.33 13.43 4.65 - - 16 (L.) J.St.-Hil. S/LO 98 15.87 3.63 23.73 3.04 8.24 4.60 - - Glandora diffusa D L/UP 66 9.02 1.00 5.63 0.62 3.38 0.41 1.08 0.79 17 (Lag.) D.C.Thomas S/LO 32 5.48 0.70 8.93 0.88 3.45 0.23 0.76 0.56 Glandora moroccana D L/UP 51 13.74 1.34 7.80 0.48 5.94 0.87 1.68 1.23 17 (I.M.Johnst.) D.C.Thomas S/LO 49 7.30 1.03 12.49 0.99 5.19 0.17 1.02 0.70 Glandora oleifolia D L/UP 27 13.30 1.15 7.78 0.31 5.52 0.85 1.11 0.75 17 (Lapeyr.) D.C.Thomas S/LO 37 7.20 1.46 13.25 0.69 6.05 0.84 1.39 0.79 Glandora prostrata SHD L/UP 52 7.92 0.89 5.97 0.71 1.95 0.24 1.67 0.98 17 (Loisel.) D.C.Thomas S/LO 48 4.10 0.68 6.32 0.63 2.22 0.14 1.90 0.91 Glandora rosmarinifolia D L/UP 56 13.58 1.50 7.40 0.44 6.18 1.11 1.70 1.29 17 (Ten.) D.C.Thomas S/LO 40 7.73 1.17 12.69 1.23 4.95 0.46 1.02 0.80 Goniolimon italicum D L/UP 27 7.63 0.49 6.16 0.56 1.47 0.41 0.85 0.46 18 Tammaro, Pignatti & Frizzi S/LO 20 6.09 0.50 6.98 0.40 0.89 0.43 0.51 0.39 Guettarda platypoda SHD L/UP 95 16.55 2.40 14.36 1.89 - - 2.98 2.12 19 DC.