School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies Linguistic travels in time and space: Festschrift for Liz Pearce Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 23, 2017 School33 of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies Linguistic travels in time and space: Festschrift for Liz Pearce Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 23, 2017 ISSN 1170-1978 (Print) ISSN 2230-4681 (Online) Linguistic travels in time and space: Festschrift for Liz Pearce Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 23, 2017 Edited by Heidi Quinn, Diane Massam, and Lisa Matthewson School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies Victoria University of Wellington P.O. Box 600 Wellington New Zealand Published 2017 Front cover image: Globe Master 3D, shared under CC-BY 3.0 license, http://en.globalquiz.org/quiz-image/indonesia-space-view/ Back cover photo: Diane Massam ISSN 1170-1978 (Print) ISSN 2230-4681 (Online) Linguistic travels in time and space: Festschrift for Liz Pearce Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 23, 2017 CONTENTS Editorial note Tabula congratulatoria Laurie Bauer How can you put Liz into a tree? 1 Sigrid Beck An alternative semantic cycle for universal 5 quantifiers Adriana Belletti Passive and movement of verbal chunks in a 15 V/head-movement language Guglielmo Cinque A note on Romance and Germanic past participle 19 relative clauses Nicola Daly and Julie Barbour Teachers’ understandings of the role of 29 translation in vernacular language maintenance in Malekula: some early thoughts William D. Davies Untangling multiple Madurese benefactives 35 Paul de Lacy Circumscriptive haplologizing reduplicants 41 Mark Hale Phonetics, phonology and syntax in synchrony 53 and diachrony Hans Henrich Hock Indo-European linguistics meets Micronesian and 63 Sunda-Sulawesi Leina Isno Nembangahu – The big stone 69 Richard S. Kayne The syntax of wherewithal 77 Michael J. Kenstowicz A note on the phonology and phonetics of CR, 87 RC, and SC consonant clusters in Italian Alistair Knott and Martin Takac A sensorimotor interpretation of Logical Form, 101 and its application in a model of Māori sentences Paul Law Some issues on verbal reciprocals in Malagasy 115 John Lynch Why did Erromangan wind names turn 90 129 degrees? Lisa Matthewson, Heidi Quinn, The curious case of preverbal ko in Niuean 139 Diane Massam, and Lynsey Talagi Timothy Mckinnon, Peter Cole, Phrase-level stem alternations in Sumatran 159 Yanti, and Gabriella Hermon Malayic Miriam Meyerhoff Possession marking in Nkep (East Santo, 169 Vanuatu) Yuko Otsuka On Cia and C-final bases in Polynesian 181 Bill Palmer Pronouns and the DP in Hoava 191 Luigi Rizzi A note on the typology of topic and focus 205 markers Nick Thieberger Unable to say too much about kano in Nafsan 211 (South Efate) Lisa deMena Travis Adjacency and DP licensing 217 Dieter Wanner Surselvan 1S /-əl/, or: Jeu anflel quei buca curios 229 Policy guidelines 241 Contents of volumes 1–22 243 Editorial note Volume 23 of the WWPL is dedicated to Liz Pearce on her retirement from many years of service in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington. For this special occasion we decided to relax the WWPL policy guidelines and invite contributions from linguists around the world who have drawn inspiration from Liz’s work. The resulting Festschrift brings together papers from the wide range of subject areas spanned by Liz’s research interests: historical linguistics, Romance linguistics, syntactic theory, Austronesian linguistics, and language documentation. We realise that our decision to keep the Festschrift a surprise has meant that our invitation could only reach a small subset of those who have benefitted from interacting with Liz. Even so, the diversity of the contributions is a fitting tribute to the many ways in which Liz has enriched our lives and the field of linguistics, both as a scholar and a friend. Thank you, Liz, from all of us who have signed the tabula congratulatoria and no doubt many others. Heidi Quinn, Diane Massam, Lisa Matthewson August 2017 Tabula congratulatoria “Non sta scritto da nessuna parte che non ce la puoi fare.” ― Elena Ferrante, L’amica geniale The following colleagues and friends of Elizabeth Pearce would like to express their best wishes on the occasion of her retirement from Victoria University of Wellington. Thank you for all your inspiration, collegiality, and friendship – and Congratulations, Liz! Ngā mihi nui me te aroha nui! Toutes nos félicitations à l'occasion de votre retrait! Complimenti per i tuoi contributi passati e i nostri auguri più sinceri per quelli futuri! En joie et santé li ciels vous tienne! Numkut ge xo re wi kala nene Elizabeth Pearce re honta reptu nikia naha lele Tabula Gratulatoria nge tele niye wi nahaine tuwa daras pesei pa. Dame. (Ninde) Nimorot tieng ahr re noh halan Elizabeth Pearce re rong retu nehen ahr len Tabula Gratulatoria tieng gen nerorongien ti ahr gen ei. Ileh. (Nahavaq) Batin re naxerr sen imavos ni buravi. (Unua: Pearce 2015, 478:50 (Mark 4:29)) Edith Aldridge Alex Francois Leisel Masinglow Malcolm Ross Julie Barbour Mark Hale Diane Massam Mario Saltarelli Laurie Bauer Ray Harlow Lisa Matthewson Cindy Schneider Winifred Bauer Jennifer Hay Ross McKerras Corinne Seals Sigrid Beck Gabriella Hermon Timothy Mckinnon Yono Sukarno Adriana Belletti Paul Hirschbühler Miriam Meyerhoff Jae Jung Song Claire Bowern Hans Henrich Hock Claire Moyse Faurie Martin Takac Mary Boyce Janet Holmes Yuko Otsuka Lynsey Talagi Dave Britain Robin Hooper Jill Musgrave Helen Tamtam Andrea Calabrese Leina Isno Bill Palmer Melenaite Sasha Calhoun Dianne Jonas Ileana Paul Taumoefolau Henry Yungli Chang Richard Kayne Andrew Pawley Nick Thieberger Helen Charters Kate Kearns Matt Pearson Shizuka Torii Sandy Chung Michael Kenstowicz Maria Polinsky Lisa Travis Guglielmo Cinque Alistair Knott Heidi Quinn Michelle Troberg Peter Cole Marie Labelle Martin Paviour- Bernadette Vine Nicola Daly Paul Law Smith Elaine Vine William Davies John Lynch Eric Potsdam Dieter Wanner Paul de Lacy John Macalister Norvin Richards Paul Warren Laura Dimock Meredith Marra Luigi Rizzi Yanti Robert Early France Martineau Yves Roberge Kie Ross Zuraw How can you put Liz into a tree? Laurie Bauer In an X’-grammar, the metarules on the formalisation of rules require that any phrasal node is rewritten as one node with the same number of bars as the dominating node or one less, and otherwise only phrasal categories. Since most X’-bar grammars also have a requirement of binarity, this means that any phrasal node must be rewritten as one (optional) phrasal category and a category (which may or may not be phrasal) which includes the head of the construction. That is, we find trees like that in (1): 1. If we extend this to noun phrases, then any NP has to be rewritten with structures that eventually contain an N (if it was not, it could not be an NP). This means that if we want to draw a tree for the sentence in (2) we have to have an NP in the subject which dominates (directly or indirectly) the N Liz, which is precisely what is done by Jackendoff (1987) and, at least implicitly, by Longobardi (1994). 2. Liz is retiring. The difficulty with this is that if we look at the distribution of Liz, it is not an N but an NP (Payne & Huddleston 2002: 516).1 Consider the substitution tables in (3) and (4). 3. Liz is retiring She The person who lectures in syntax A syntax lecturer 1 Payne & Huddleston (2002) do not use a DP analysis, but have determiners as modifiers within the NP; for those who do use DPs, it might be more accurate to say names are DPs. Linguistic travels in time and space: Festschrift for Liz Pearce Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 23 (2017) 1–4 2 Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 4. A Ø colleague is retiring This valued *she Our2 fit3 *Liz The problem is that there is no way in an X’-grammar that a lexical item like Liz can belong to a phrasal category, and yet this seems to be what is required. There are alternative solutions. Perhaps Liz is not an NP but a NameP, so that Liz is a Name. This still does not resolve the problem that Liz seems to act as a phrase rather than as an element within a phrase, though it does help with the fact that, in English, personal names like Liz do not in general take determiners: a DP could allow an NP but not a NameP within it. But if we assume the word-class theory of Chomsky (1970), there are only four word-classes available: noun, verb, adjective and adposition, defined by the feature set [±N], [±V]. In such a model Name cannot be a new word- class (and neither, actually, can adverb, to which appeal was made in (1)). So perhaps name is a feature on an N rather than a word-class in its own right. The feature would bar the use of modifiers with names like Liz. That might work if NP included determiners, but under a DP analysis it would have the presence or absence of a determiner being provoked by a feature on a node in the non-head position of the DP. There is another set of facts, however, which might be taken to imply that the usage illustrated in (2) is atypical, and that items like Liz are really nouns after all (this is the conclusion drawn by Longobardi 1994: 636). The relevant constructions are like those in (5). 5. a. The Liz we know and love. b. There is no Liz in this house. c. Do you mean the Liz in linguistics or the one who was married to Richard Burton? d.