Subject Index aberrations 227 - dehydrogenase (ADH) 92, 184, 185, 203, 231 absorptive cells 327 -, unsaturated 145 acetaldehyde (AA) 185, 1986, 231 alcoholic beverages 177 - dehydrogenase 180 aldehydes 185 acetate monofilaments 51 alfalfa 152 acetoxymethyl-methyl-nitrosamine-induced alimentary tract 177 tumor (s. AMMN) - -, upper 179 acromegaly 46 alkylation 92 adenine arabinoside 276 alkylnitrosamides, application, intracolonic/­ adenocarcinoma 48, 55,92,93, 144,207, rectal 204 209 -, locally applied, direct-acting -, authochthonous 356 compounds 203 -, esophageal 54 allele 27, 309 -, microglandular 207, 210 allo bile acid 173 -, mucinous 313 7-alpha-dehydroxylation, bile acid 172 -, polypoid 315 alpha-difluoromethylomithine (s. DFMO) -, rat, AMMN-induced colorectal 355, 356 alpha-fetoprotein 77 -, -, autochthonous colorectal 356 alpha-tocopherol 17 adenoma 31, 93, 119, 146, 314, 315 alpha1-receptors 262 -, duodenal 31 alpha2 -antiplasmin 263 -, sporadic 74 alpha2 -macroglobulin 263 -, tubular 316, 317, 342 alpha2 -receptors 262 -, villous 317, 342 Ames test 127, 128, 170, 183,219 adenoma-carcinoma sequence 56, 131,207, amidase 166 315, 318 amines 197 adenomatous epithelium 207,209 -, 1,4-Dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3 -6)indol- - polyps (s. polyps, adenomatous) 3amine (Trp-P-1) 196 - transformation 318 -, 1-Methyl-5-H -pyrido(4,3 -6)indol-3-amine adenosine 276 (Trp-P-2) 196 - deaminase (ADA) 276 -, heterocyclic 365 - monophosphate, cyclic 262 amino acids 273 adenylate cyclase 246, 262, 303 -- decarboxylase 166 ADH (s. alcohol dehydrogenase) - reductase 166 agar 100, 130, 149, 152 2-amino-anthracene 219 agaratine 195 2-amino-3-methylimidazoquinolines 365 agaricus bisporus 195 4-amino-N-(2'-aminophenyl)benzamide 351, age 7, 18, 64, 129, 205 352, 355 aglycone 151 AMMN (acetoxymethyl-methyl-nitrosamine­ -, dehydroxylation 172 induced tumor) 180, 182, 184, 185, 340, albumin 341,342,345, 346 341, 343, 346, 350, 352-356 alcohol abstinence 185 amplification 304, 305, 362 - consumption/intake 7,10,15,17-19,49, -, N-myc 307 56, 177, 179, 181, 184, 185, 203, 220, 362, anaerobes, obligate 162 363, 368, 370 anaerobic microorganisms 151, 161 376 Subject lndex - receptors 260, 261 - tallow 96, 98 aneuploidy 278 beer consumption 177 -179, 181 angiogenin gene 259, 260 benzanthracene 219-221 angiosarcoma, DMH 92 benzo[a]pyrene 37, 127, 194, 220 animal fat 121, 122 7,8-benzoflavone 220 -, germ-free 171 beta receptor 262 - models 78, 90, 146, 367 {3-glucosidase 151, 166, 167, 170 - protein 7, 9 {3-glucuronidase 151,166,167,171,195 - steroids 9 -, bacterial 172 - studies 115-119, 171 {3-glycoside 218 antenatal diagnosis 40 {3-hexosaminidase 270 anti-albumin 336 {3-naphthoflavone 220, 222 antibiotics 93, 163 {3-naphthylamine 48 anticancer activity 354, 355 {3-sitosterol 292, 296 antigenic tumour 65 BHA (s. butylated hydroxyanisole) antigens 93 bifidobacterium 161-163 anti oncogene 27 bile 90, 161, 203 antioxidant 16, 90, 231, 294, 365 bile acids 37,80,91,94,121,125-130, AOM (s. azoxymethane) 145,151,164,169,174,184,185,231, arachidonic acid 244-252 291, 365-367 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid) 252 - -,allo 173 asbestos 49, 50 - -,7-IX-dehydroxylation 171-173 aspirin 249, 250, 295 -- dehydrogenase 166 atherosclerosis 19, 114 -- dehydroxylation 165 atrophy 231 - -, - loss 169 atypia 129,314, 315, 319 - -, free 151 auditory canal, external 203, 207, 210 - -, nuclear dehydrogenation 172, 173 autoradiographic studies 250, 316 - -, secondary 131, 133, 145 azomethane (AM) 91,179,181,183,294 - -, toxic effects 174 azored uctase 151, 166, 171 - resistant 162 azoxymethane (AOM) 78,79,91,129-131, - salts 8, 15, 116, 198, 245 - 248, 250, 251 147-151,171,179-181,183,203-210, - secretion 125 218,230, 257, 260-262, 277, 291, 369 biomarker of increased cancer suspectibility 73 B lymphocyte 304 biotransformation 120 bacteria 121,160,161,164,171,223 birth rate, cellular 228 bacterial content 223 bladder 25, 36 - enzymes 223 - carcinoma 303 - flora 132,133, 160-164,172,242 -, exstrophy 48 - -, colonic mucosa 161 bleeding, intestinal 66 - -, diet 164 blood, fecal occult 335 - interactions 162, 163 - flow 203, 242 - production 185 - group 29, 265 bacteriocines 163 -- antigens 75 bacteriophage 163 - group-related antigens 75 bacteroides 145, 161, 162 blot technique, Western 220 bagasse 169 body mass index 18 bananas 334 bombesin 302 Barrett's disease 76 bombesin-like protein 259 - esophagus 54 bone disease 14, 194 basement membrane 262, 263 bowel disease, inflammatory 25,61, 62, 65, basophilic cells 314 68, 91, 252 beef 196 bowel, large (s. large bowel) - fat 94,96 bowel, small (s. small bowel) -, fried 196 brachyspira, bacterial flora 161 -, ground 365 brain tumour 33 - intake 90 bran, cereal 148 Subject Index 377 -, corn 130, 147, 150 - in situ 207 - fiber 369 -, squamous 207, 210 -, oat 130, 148, 152, 153, 169 - suspectibility, biomarker 73 -, soybean 147 carageen an 130,149,152,194-196 -, wheat 130, 146, 148, 150, 152, 153, 169 carbophosphofructokinase 272 bread, whole gain 140 carbohydrates 7, 19,99, 169, 370 -, whole meal 140 - antigens 265, 266 breast 25, 34, 303 - -, abnormal 75 - cancer 37, 45, 307, 369 - intake 9,11,12 brewery workers 178 - metabolism 271, 272 broccoli 143 - -, glycolytic 271 broiled food 370 - -, pentose phosphate shunt 271 bronchial epithelium 80 - -, synthetic 271 bronchus 194 carbon monoxide 184,219 browned food 370 carbonium ion 181 brush border hydrolases 324 carcinoembryonic antigen 77, 262, 324 -- membranes 265 carcinogenesis, chemical 185, 193 Burkitt's lymphoma 304 -, intestinal 185 butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) 184,294 - and possible effects of ethanol 182 Butyrate 152, 241 -, rectal 184 bypass of the colon 94, 240 carcinogens 26,76,150,179-181,183,186 - activation 151 CA-19-9 268 -, alkylating 197 CA-50 antigen 269 - chemical 73, 179 cabbage 143, 149 -, colonic 203, 204, 209 CaCo-2-cells 273 -, -, direct acting, locally applied 204,213 calcium 15, 16, 80, 131, 151, 231, 245, 291, -, -, metabolic activated, systemic 99, 183, 292, 297, 365, 367, 369, 370 204, 209, 213 -, dietary 80, 174 -, dietary 193 -, intraluminal 151 -, distribution 182 caloric density 96, 106 -,endogenous 197 - intake 103-106,141 - metabolism 181 calories 7, 11, 13, 18, 104 -, N-nitroso 194, 197 cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophos- -, ultimative 91, 183 phate) 245, 246, 250 -, urine-borne 48 -, 8-bromo- 250 cardiomyopathy 177 - phosphodiesterase 262 carotene 17 cAMP-dependent protein kinase 248 carotenoids 297 campesterol 292 carpet fabrication 51 cancer/carcinoma, bladder 303 castration 260 -, breast 37, 45, 369 catalase 272 -, cervical 45 caveolated cells 238 -, endometrium 45 CC-l and CC-2 268 -, esophageal 76 eDNA probes 220 - family syndrome 34, 45 cecum 12, 152 -, gastrointestinal 73 cell cycle 73, 228, 302, 304, 308, 365, 368 -, genitourinary 61 - -, duration 240 -, hepatic 61 -- time 229 -, hereditary 53 - damage, superficial 185 -, left -sided 64 - death 229 -, mammary 196 - differentiation 228, 314, 322 -, mucinous 33 - -, abnormal 77 -, ovary 45 - division 323 -, perineal 61 - growth 301 -, preinvasive 76 -- transformation, unregulated 301 - prevention 73, 79, 171 - kinetic studies 316 -, right-sided 64, 172 - lineages 237, 239 378 Subject Index - lines 325 chromosome-14 304 - membranes 120 chromosome-22 304, 305 - production 228, 237 chronic myelocytic leukaemia (s. - proliferation 74,77-80, 120, 130, 145, CML) 305 153,225,237,291,292,296, 316 chrysene 184 - regeneration 182, 185, 225, 327 chrysotile 49 - surface receptor 279, 303 cigarettes 15 - transformation 251 -, smoke condensate 49 - turnover kinetics 65 cirrhosis, hepatic 177 cellular oncogenes 301 citrobacter freundii 230 cellulose 130, 140, 148, 150, 152, 169 c-Ki-ras 39 cereals 144 clofibrate 119 -, bran 148 clonal cell 239 -, diet 197 -- proliferation 120 -, fiber 367 cloning efficiency 326 cervical cancer 45 clostridia/clostridium 172 cervix, 3,4-benzpyrene 79 -, bacterial flora 161 -,20-methylcholanthrene 79 -, NDH- 169 c-Ha-ras 39 CML (s. chronic myelocytic leukaemia) chalone 240 c-myc oncogene 76, 304, 308 chelate 151 cocarcinogen 113,114,116,177,179,185, chemical carcinogens 78, 182, 185, 193, 350 364 - -, ethanol 180 -, dietary 116 chemicals 90 coconut oil 366 chemoprevention 79 coeliac disease 229, 230 chemotherapeutic agents, new 349 colectomy 31, 65, 165 chenodeoxycholate 130 -, prophylactic 65 - acid 126, 128 colitis 64 cherries 334 -, colonisation 163 chimaeras 323 -, pseudomembranous 163 chloride 326 -, ulcerative 45,61-68,74,91,117,132, cholecystectomy 133 198, 230, 244, 251, 252, 278, 341, 345 cholesterol 7,9,11,112-118,121,122, collagen 263 125, 126, 132, 165, 366 -, type IV 263 - absorption 119,120 colon conduite 48 -, dietary 13 - loops 93 - faecal 116 - IJ.?etabolism 117 - metabolism 170 - strictures 67 - reductase 166 - suture lines 231 -, serum 15,18,118-120 colonocytes 245, 324, 327 cholesterol-free diet 116 colonoscopy 64, 68 cholesterol-rich diet 115, 117, 120, 121 -, surveillance 65 cholic acid 125, 126, 128, 130, 230 colostomy 48 chorionic gonatropin, human 77 - closure 230 - villus sampling 40 columnar cells 237, 323 chromatid abberations 38 - -, absorptive 237 chromosome 26,28, 38, 227, 309 - -, secretory 237 chromosome aberrations 38 compartment, maturation 238 - abnormalities 28, 38, 277 -, proliferative 73, 74, 240, 313 - instability 39 -, - expansion 175 -, Philadelphia(Ph')- 305 -, - and functional 238 - polyxmorphism 28 - size, proliferative 185 chromosome-2 304 -, stem cell 238 chromosome-5 27, 36, 277, 308 co-mutagens 128 chromosome-8 304 congenital malformations