A JEWISH PHILOSOPHER OF BAGHDAD ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Texts and Studies EDITED BY H. DAIBER and D. PINGREE VOLUME LXV A JEWISH PHILOSOPHER OF BAGHDAD #Izz al-Dawla Ibn Kammåna (d. 683/1284) and His Writings BY REZA POURJAVADY AND SABINE SCHMIDTKE LEIDEN • BOSTON 2006 This book is printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISSN 0169-8729 ISBN-13: 978-90-04-15139-0 ISBN-10: 90-04-15139-7 © Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Wilferd Madelung schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd v 7/18/2006 6:32:53 PM schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd vi 7/18/2006 6:32:53 PM CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Survey of Previous Scholarship ................................... 1 2 Notes on Ibn KammÖna’s Biography ......................... 8 3 Ibn KammÖna’s Philosophical Thought ..................... 23 4 The Reception of Ibn KammÖna in Later Muslim Thought ................................................................... 28 5 The Reception of Ibn KammÖna in Judaism ............. 54 CHAPTER TWO INVENTORY OF THE WRITINGS OF IBN KAMMÇNA 1 Authentic Writings ....................................................... 59 1.1 Commentaries and Glosses .......................................... 59 1.1.1 Shar al-uÉÖl wa-l-jumal min muhimmÊt al-{ilm wa-l-{amal ...... 59 1.1.2 Shar al-TalwÒÊt ............................................................ 63 1.1.3 Ta{ÊlÒq {ala l-suxÊlÊt al-mÖrada {alÊ l-uÉÖlayn min KitÊb al-Ma{Êlim .................................................................. 77 1.2 Excerpts ....................................................................... 79 1.2.1 FawÊxid min TalkhÒÉ al-muaÉÉal ...................................... 79 1.2.2 Excerpts from al-Shamsiyya fÒ l-man¢iq ............................ 83 1.2.3 Excerpts from KitÊb al-Hayxa ........................................ 84 1.2.4 Excerpts from al-¹thÊr al-bÊqiya .................................... 84 schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd vii 7/18/2006 6:32:53 PM viii CONTENTS 1.2.5 Excerpts from al-QÊnÖn al-Mas{ÖdÒ ................................ 85 1.2.6 Excerpts from al-I{tirÊÓÊt min KitÊb Zubdat al-naqÓ wa-lubÊb al-kashf ........................................................ 85 1.2.7 KhulÊÉat ma taÓammanathu khulÊÉat al-ikma ..................... 86 1.3 Independent Philosophical Treatises ............................ 87 1.3.1 al-JadÒd fÒ l-ikma ............................................................ 87 1.3.2 al-Ma¢Êlib al-muhimma min {ilm al-ikma .......................... 92 1.3.3 TaqrÒb al-maajja wa-tahdhÒb al-ujja ................................. 94 1.3.4 KalimÊt wajÒza mushtamila {alÊ nukat la¢Òfa fÒl-{ilm wa-l-{amal .................................................................. 95 1.3.5 IthbÊt al-mabdax wa-ÉifÊtihÒwa-l-{amal al-muqarrib ilÊ llÊh .... 98 1.3.6 KitÊb fÒ l-kalÊm wa-l-falsafa ............................................... 99 1.3.7 Risala fÒl-kalÊm .............................................................. 99 1.3.8 MaqÊla fÒl-taÉdÒq bi-anna nafs al-insÊn bÊqiya abadan .......... 100 1.3.9 MaqÊla fÒ anna l-nafs laysat bi-mizÊj al-badan wa-la kÊxina {an mizÊj al-badan ............................................................. 102 1.3.10 MaqÊla fÒ anna wujÖd al-nafs abadÒ wa-baqÊxahÊ sarmadÒ ..... 103 1.4 Comparative Writings .................................................. 106 1.4.1 MaqÊla fÒ tanqÒ al-abÊth li-l-milal al-thalÊth ...................... 106 1.4.2 “Treatise on the Differences between the Rabbanites and the Karaites” .................................................... 114 1.5 Correspondence ........................................................... 118 1.5.1 Correspondence with NaÉÒr al-DÒn al-ÖsÒ I ................ 118 1.5.2 Correspondence with NaÉÒr al-DÒn al-ÖsÒ II .............. 119 1.5.3 Correspondence with Najm al-DÒn al-KÊtibÒ I ............ 121 1.5.4 Correspondence with Najm al-DÒn al-KÊtibÒ II ........... 123 1.5.5 Correspondence with KamÊl al-DÒn al-BarÊnÒ .......... 124 1.5.6 Correspondence with Fakhr al-DÒn al-KÊshÒ ............... 125 1.5.7 Correspondence with Ibn al-Fuwa¢Ò ............................ 126 1.6 Poetry ........................................................................... 127 1.6.1 Poetry I ......................................................................... 127 1.6.2 Poetry II ....................................................................... 127 schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd viii 7/18/2006 6:32:53 PM CONTENTS ix 2 Works of Uncertain Authenticity ................................. 128 2.1 Æall ishkÊlÊt al-IshÊrÊt ..................................................... 128 2.2 Min ta{ÊlÒq al-ÆakÒm {Izz al-Dawla Abi 1-RiÓÊ Ibn KammÖna ................................................................... 132 2.3 MasÊxil mutafarriqa wa-fawÊxid mushattata ........................ 133 2.4 KitÊb fÒ l-man¢iq wa-l-¢abÒ{a wa-mÊ ba{dahÊ ......................... 134 2.5 al-KÊfÒ al-kabÒr fÒ l-kul ................................................... 137 2.6 al-Tadhkira fÒ l-KÒmiyÊ ...................................................... 138 CHAPTER THREE EDITIONS OF SELECTED WRITINGS OF IBN KAMMÇNA Text 1 KalimÊt wajÒza mushtamila {alÊ nukat la¢Òfa fÒ l-{ilm wa-l-{amal 139 Text 2 IthbÊt al-mabdax wa-ÉifÊtihÒ wa-l-{amal al-muqarrib ilÊ llÊh ...... 186 Text 3 TaqrÒb al-maajja wa-tahdhÒb al-ujja .................................. 196 Text 4 Min ta{ÊlÒq al-ÆakÒm {Izz al-Dawla Abi 1-RiÓÊ Ibn KammÖna ................................................................... 207 Text 5 Correspondence with NaÉÒr al-DÒn al-ÖsÒ .................. 209 Text 6 Correspondence with Najm al-DÒn al-KÊtibÒ ............... 211 Text 7 Correspondence with KamÊl al-DÒn al-BarÊnÒ .......... 221 Text 8 Correspondence with Fakhr al-DÒn al-KÊshÒ ............... 222 Text 9 Ibn KammÖna’s Poetry ............................................... 224 Appendix A The Firkovitch/Shapira Codex of Ibn KammÖna’s Shar al-TalwiÊt ............................................... 225 Appendix B KitÊb fÒ ithbÊt al-nubuwwa li-Muammad {alayhi al-salÊm .................................................................................. 228 Abbreviations and Bibliography ................................................ 245 Index of Names and Places ....................................................... 265 Index of Manuscripts ............................................................... 270 Index of Ibn KammÖna’s Works ............................................... 273 schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd ix 7/18/2006 9:00:02 PM schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd x 7/18/2006 6:32:53 PM ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the preparation of this study we were supported by numerous institutions and libraries. In Turkey, we thank the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for allowing us to conduct research; Nevzat Kaya, the Director of the Süleymaniye and satellite libraries; and the staff of the following libraries: Bayezit Devlet, Köprülü, Nuruosmaniye and Süleymaniye. In Iran, we thank the directors and staff of the following libraries: ¹stÊn-i Quds Library, Mashhad; Central Library of Tehran University; Majlis-i ShÖrÊ-yi IslÊmÒ Library, Tehran; MahdawÒ Library, Tehran; ¹yat AllÊh Mar{ashÒ NajafÒ Library, Qum; the Library of the KhÊnaqÊh-i Amadiyya, Shiraz; Sayyid {AlÒ Muammad VazÒrÒ Library, Yazd. We thank the directors and staff of the following libraries in Europe: Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich; Chester Beatty Library, Dublin; Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek; the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the British Library, London; Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna; Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. In Russia, we thank the director and staff of the Rational National Library, St. Petersburg. In Israel, we thank the director and staff of the Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts at the Jewish National and University Library. In the United States of America we wish to thank the director and staff of the following libraries: the Beinicke Library at Yale University; the Library of Congress, Washington. The acquisition of materials and research was supported by a grant from the German-Israeli Foundation (GIF) awarded to Sabine Schmidtke. We wish to acknowledge our gratitude for valuable comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this study to Camilla Adang, Bruno Chiesa, Annabel Keeler, Elizabeth Pond, Nasrollah Pourjavady, Ulrich Rudolph, Sarah Stroumsa, and particularly to Wilferd Madelung who also helped us with establishing critical editions of Ibn KammÖna’s writings and to whom this volume is dedicated in gratitude. Furthermore, we are grateful for assistance in acquiring indispensible materials (manuscripts and published sources) and for moral support to Shahin Aawani, Fariba schmidtke_F1_v-xii.indd