CENSUS OF INP.~i vaL ux:m-- vt.:1 lQ:he ~olue.r tdrobinet.s of ~tngnl anb 'ifttft ' . , . ~tnllatotit.s. · PART I.· TH.J!J RJjJ.PORT.. - E. A. GAIT, P.S.s. OP 'lrliB J5DUlf ClVIIi Btmv:ICB, · • l!talcutta:. BENGAL SECRETARIAT PREsS• .. 1902 •.. • Published at the BENGAL SIICllBTARUT Boo& Dar&r, Writen' lluildinga, Caloutta. O:&'FXCX.AL .AGEJSrrS, r, lrlllitl- u ...... TluoDJI, 8Piln< & Co., Calcutta aDd lliml.o. Muoao. Nawaf&lr & Oo., Ca1011tta. Mauae. Hraolllli01'Jr~ & Co., Madru. MaHUo b&OitU & Oo., Ln., Bomba:v. JIIBoou. A. J, 0oMBBID8B & Oo., Bombq, . JIIB, E. BlmloVII B&LB, 631!splaDide Rood, Port, Bomba:f, ud Cal011tt&. TaB S'O'fBBJli'DJrDBN'l', .A.KBBto.ur B.a.PTIS'l' Musto• Paaa, Baagoon. liiB08u, B. X. L&llllll & Co., Printers and Book-oellero, College Stroot, Calcutta. lUI 8AJIIB J.L GoLAB Srii'C>B & Soxo, Proprioton of tho. Mulid·I·SIII Pro11, Lahore, Punjab, Mzuu. V. LLY.&.lf.lJU.JU. lnm & Co., Boolt-ullaN, &a., Madras. MBUU. D.JI. r.a... uan&LA, BollS & Co., Book·sellers, Bomb&:v. r, England- . Ma. E. J., J.a!IOLD, 87 Bodford Street. Strand, London. MBISBI. CO!<ITADLB & Oo., a Whitehall Gardena, L1111don. JIIBaau. 8&Jil'IOK Low, MustoN & Co., St. Dnnetan'• H011u, Peller Llno, London. M11111. Louo & Co., 46 Great Russell Street, London. · Muaae. XliC>AB PAuL, Tao"""· TBOBIIBB & Oo., OlwiDg Croat Boocl, Lond011o Ma. B• .A.LvDD Qu.umoJr,lll Pi.....UU:v,London. • Masou. P. B. Xr11a & SoB, a & <6 Great Smith Stroot, Woolmillller, London. Mlllu. H. B. XIBo & Oo., 86 Oornhill, LondOD. Muau. WrLLUMI AND NoBC>AU. Oxford. Mlllu. DaiGJrNJr JIBtoL & Do.,.O....bridp. o, liN C~ntirun,__ MB18u. B. PBniDLlBDD & SoJrB, BorliD, N. W. Carl~ 11. JIIB, Om> HAD&HOWift, Leip&ig. Mil. XlBL BIIIUIIJIABB, Leipzig. JIIB. EanaT Lllllou:r, 28 Rue Bonoparte, Paris. liiB, MlBTI11111 NrlJron, Tho Hague. • GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS OF· THE ~oUR· P~r~ . • · PART I -(VOLUME VI). THERBPOBT. :PA&& • INTBODUO'l'IOllf , ... ... CHA.l'TER I-DurlllliVTIOJr '"!I'D·POl'VUTIO,. 1• .. II-V.IJIUTIO:WI Dr !I'D PoPVUTIOir ••• . _, ... S9 .. m-MzGII4TIOJr . .... •••• 127 .. IV-BIILIGIOII • .., .. 1&1 .. V-.A.a:w ... .... ll09 • .. VI-8..: ... ... .... •. .23& .. VII-M.t..aar~iJa 247 ... VIIl-InUIIIITID ... .. 279 .. I.X-EDVC.IoTICII •.. .897 • .. :t-WOV.IoOB Sll .. n-o.uu ... ~ .. 947 .. :tll-QCCVJ'.diOIII 4111 A.l'l'l!.NDIOES i ... -~ . .!- --- I • •.;.n . PART Ii (VOLUME VIA). TilE IlllPBBI.AI. T.AJJLBB. T.A.BLE I-A.au, B:ovsa, UD POl'VLM!IOB ... • ••. 1 .. II-Vau noll nr PoPVUTio,. on~ ell lS72 ... 6 .. III-Ton• .&.~~D V!LUGD CLABSinBD DY Po~otr ••• .... .9 .. IV-Porcunoll •• ToWIIs wrrn V.U.UTIO!r ""'"" 1872 ... ... 1$ .. V-'l'oWIII ~Gap ,TBIIlUrDliUJILT 1nfl< Pn~tlL.lftOII' BY RBLraiOII' 19 .. VI-nwr,TATaW• - ....... uo ••• ..:.-~~- ---· ·;;;-· .. --------- J6· .. VU-Aau, Sn, j,I'D Onn- OoaDn'I'OJr-...- ----::- - .... -- . .. VIII-E»'D'O.L'riOII' ... · .,, ', .. f .4 · 1 , ...... ... IX-E»vo.~onoll a-r SIWIC'Hl> Cum, Tamao, oa :R.uma 99. .. X-LuavJ.Ct• · - ••• -. · • 000 I liS---- .. XI-:SIBTJDIL4GI ,.. ... ... lS9 .. XII-~ ... ··- ··•- ... ... oy' 187 .. x:m-o£1!11 ... ···- ••• ... oM ···- 191-. .. :tiV-omr Ootmmolf B'f .A.o• liOll llamamn> 0~ ... ;... .891 .. :X:V-QOOVPATIO. ••• .., 809 .. :XVI-QcCVJO.IoftOII n O.uu ••• 41& .. XVII-QIIaiRUJrl n 81Wl! IJlii) :&...oB ... • &O'l .. :xvm-oaarmua n :B.~oOB IJlii) .A.n •••. ... &1., • . PART ill (VOLUME VIB). PBO'P'INOI.J.:£ T.J.BI.ES (THE TH.A.N.A. IS HEBB THE UNIT). T.A.BLB I-.A.au, llovw, .um Po.wunoll' B'f TBAN...a wm1 T.lolW.r<OII' mroa 1891 •••• 1 .. n-ll.m.rGIOif D'f TIWI'U WIT II v WATION 8DIOJI1891' ... ••• ... 17 ., III-saoWllfo roa BOB TBAN.~o fiDI Cum, BTo., orliiifDvs,' .A.zmm21, .BVll»Km1'8, .loi!D MVII.I.JIJI.li>.LIIB WBICII OONTBIBll'l'.ll 1,000 OB JIOU I!UBOl\'8 ro ~BB DIIZIIClt PO-ftQIIf ... ... .... • 411 PART IV (VOLUME VIC). THB ..WllliN.IBrB.A.TI'P':B_,. BBPOBT. l'liB OlU.BTEJI. 1-TIDII'.uaJIO. 0mnoa ... l ~- ... ... .1 .. n-rm. OoiD'IUBOII ormB B.uvr.a I' ... ... ... 62 ., III-Tml 0- 01' llD CBI!Bue ..... 79 .A.PPE.NDIOES m ... ••• ,, i ·~· ... .. ... DETAILED T.ABLE OF CONTENTS OF PART ~ . CHAP'l'EB I-lhftmBlmOB OJI """' POJIIIUBOll'· Genenl a-ripliaa of Beagol-J.rea. populatimi and cleDIIily-BOUOI and' hoaiM'OOIIl-Towrul . 1 ... 'rillaget: ... ... .lie - ·:· Sli IJrl&.idiGIJ ~ ... ... ••• - ... ••• ·- CHAP'l'EB n-v.uw.m- nr"""' ~-9•·. ' PrelimiJWY ai1<1111ion-Weot Beagol-O...trol Beagol-Nm:Jh Beapl-But Beagol~th S9 J!ihar-N 01'1h J!ihAr-()riua-<lhola N agp111' l'IA!ean ••• ... - ... •.. 128 Bu'61idiory 7116111 · ... ... "' . .. • . ' Migration to 1111d from J!eosol.-.)fi&nlion.wilhin lhe PEovince-Genenl ooDCIBIIio~ .. , Bubridia':8 Ta&Zu ... ... •• . · .,.,· ,,1 CHAPTER IV-Rm.l:I>IOII', Diatribuliou ud Yuiation mae 1891-Baoea ud aeom of Chri.oti.ull-1'ho llluhammadlllo of • • :SODgol-HiDclu -~~ and goclliDp-Tnooll of :Svdclhiw in Beapl ... · '" · llil Buldlillf'l 2'-W. "' - •• , •• , ••. ••• 206 ClHA.PJ.'EB. V-:A.im. JDaoouroq of ogol'OIIlm-lii:Ma os• by religiOa. and ...-Deolino in tho birth.rate:.,;Looal. ~ tioul in blrtlaJaie-llloulhiT aialriba.lion of. ~:Jiirth.rato in towu - · ·~ . l!09 BulniditJt'l ruler ... - ... - ••• .•• . ... 321- OHA.l'TER VI-Bu. GODoral proportion of the iosea-Proportion in clifforont religiooa ucl cutea-Proporlion at dilforontagea-Doolino in proportion of femaloa-oausOB inllu101oiDg an: . ... ••• 236 · • AJu'twfdiar,J Xablfl ... ... ... ••• . ••• .,. ·~·... ·- CHAPTER Yn-lll.wlue>Bo _,. f ,_ __ of ta"·ti •• . ·~ • ' . Gen or.. oa •......,. I ..., - ....amago amoogat Hilldus~Marriago · llllODglt• lllulwmaadaus,. Animilts, Obrl•ti.utl~nd. Bua4hiatl ••• ... •"! ... • ... • ... ... 247- . 8u&1idiaey !l'a&ltl ... "' •. .- ... ... •. · 864 - . OHAJ.>'J$:B. vm-~. JD-i&y-Deaf..mutiRtD-Diincln-Leproq ... '" '" ·•••. ll79 S.Nidiar.r 2\dlfl - ••• ..• - ... ••• ... ... & OHAPTEB. IX-EDv~•. Estent of litmoJ-Dialriba.tion by religion andl.ooality~ with 1891-Euglish., eduoa­ tioa-Oompar;.n with other l'l'O'rinaos-Eduoation 'by. cute-Btaliitioa of literaoy 18 .,. indu to IOOioliiiOYimOD,.Ia ,;, .... ... 297 SuNidiczr.r N"' ·... ... ...- S06 . CHAPTER X..,...L~GVJ.~If. Valuo of tho retnrn-Qlulilloatlon of langnagea-Aryufamily-llluncla ~Dra'riai .__,_ Tiboto-:SUl'DIIIl famiq-Gtneral oonoluliona '" an_,..,.- &bridia,., !li&"' ... ... ... ... ... ••• ... ... : ... 311 ... ... .. 340 ... 481 418 - ... i I~TRODUCTION• • TaB fourth regular Ceii8118 of Bengal was taken with that of the whole of_ India on the 1st March 1901. A fall account of D£D OJ' Oonll. the procedure adop!ed · in COIIIIIllltWn with the . taking of the CenBUB and the CODlpila~ of the l'881llts luis been given in a aeparate report, but it may be interesting to note briefly a few of the · m_ore important facta connected with the operatio01. Owing to various circn.IDitances, of whic~ the dearth of literate PersoDB is one of the chief, a CenBUB is a matter o1 special .!!:=:.-tt•as ma En· difticulty in India, and especially so in Bengal, where the population far exceeda that dealt with by a single Ceii811S Superintendent in any other country-~ the world, while the absence· of a regular ,dstailed survey necessitates very elaborate ,preliminary arrangementa, in order to obtain a complete list of villages, and 'to portion them ont amongst the different grades ot CenBDB Officers in such a way that there may be no cases of omission or overlapping.. Special care has to be taken to obtain a full enumeration of the boat population. on the network of riven in East Bengal, and o£ the· wild tribes o(the Chota Nagpnr Plateau and other mmote tracta. Owing to the general illiteracy of the population, the European method of giving to the head of each family a form or schedule on which to record the desired particulars for his household is impracticable irl India, and the Census. was taken, as on previous occasions, "by peraolis apecially appointed for the purpose, called Enumerators, each of . whom dealt with a ipecifi~d number of · houaea, usually about 40. But even so, the men av.ailable were aeldom weJI quali1i.ed for their duties. They were, of C01U'88, literate, ~t their general education was usually of a very low standard, and in order to obtain correct entries in ~he .different columns of the CenBDB achedules, it was nqce888rY to drill them very carefully. .With this object in view a regular acale of Censna Officers waa appointed. The persona 'Who were entrusted with the _training of the Enumerators and the examination of the work done by them were ealled. · Superviaon and, on the average, there waa one Supervisor to every 12 Enu­ merators.. The Buperviior was DSually a non-official, and although he 'Was Bolected with special reference tn his educational fitness, and wal of a 'much ---oener stamp thir.n the Enumentors, it was still necesaary to supplement his written inBtructious by oral teaching, and to keep a oareful watch over hiS work. For this purpose every district was parcelled out into charges, each under a Charge Superintendent, who was in almost all C&B88 an official. The ~ Superintendent. were, in their torn, snbordinate to the Diatrict Magistrate and his Subdiviaional Officers, who were assisted in the task of general supervision by such gazetted officers as had ·not been detailed to take immediate charge of the work in particular charges, Excluding Calcutta and the Native ;States there were, in round uumbors, 1,500 Charge Superintendenta, 28,000, Saper~ visors and 884,000 Enumerator&. 7.. ii The first direot step towards the taking of the Census was the numbering HoVIB l<lJIIBnnrG. of the houses. A house was defined' as the residence of a commensal family, and each such .house was given a separate number. When all bad been numbered, a statement showing the number of hou~s ~nd of e_ach grade of Celll!us Officers was compiled and sent to the ProVlDmal Supermtendent, who used it to correct the rough indent for forms which had been previously sent to the Press.