THE “ EOTHEN SERIES The object of this series is to publish or na texts and tran t on tran terat on igi l sla i s , sli i s and tran slation s of texts hitherto unpublished in En nd e on the tor c v a glish , a ssays his y , i ilis t on re on c o rn A a in the i , ligi , et . , f Weste si earl e i st times . I . THE EARLY DYNASTIES OF SUMER AND AKKAD . B C . GADD . A. Assista nt in the De ar t y J , B , p m ent of Egyptian and Assyr ian Antiq uities in the Br itish Museum . I n th e p r es s . I I . THE FIRST CAMPAIGN OF SENNACHERIB . An un u lished te t b SIDNE SMITH p b x , edited y Y , M . ssist nt in th r tm en t E tian A , A a e Depa of gyp and Assyr ian Antiq uities in the Br itish Museum . I n p r ep a r a tion . - THE BOGHAZ KEUI TREATlES . l The r at of hu a-asshura Ki of ( ) T e y S n , ng i i h a i of the Hi ites Kizzuwadn w K t . , t ng t ( the fiotben g a tes — I , THE EA RLY DYNA STIES OF SU M R A ND D E A KKA . c G DD B A . A . J , , A ssistant in the D epartment of Egyptian and A ssyri an A ntiquities h h in t e Britis M useum . L O N DO N U Z A C C L O . I 9 2 I H A S 8: SON S L TD . RRI ON , , Pr inter s in rdinar to H is M a est O y j y , ’ - W . z . S T . A R T I N S L A N E L ON D ON .C 44 47, M , , N O T E . TH E acquisition o f a complete a nd trus tworthy sch e m e for the found a tion s o f th e oldest history o f even o ne well - defined r egion in the a ncient world is n o mea n a s a nd r a who w k ddition to cience , pe h ps only those or in le ss favou red field s can duly appreci a t e the fortune o f s m a r a s the A ssyriologist in thi i port nt espect . Th nk to discoveries which da te a lmo s t entirely from the l ast ten ars a m ca n now be m a w fi for ye , this cl i d e ith con dence r of r B a a T the e a rly pe iod histo y in byloni . his short a a n a m a s ava a m a a ess y is tte pt to utilis e the l te t il ble teri l , which seems to afford sufficien t indic a tio n s to furnish a t t a n r m e r w l a s enti ely connected sche of ch onology, hich r not r u e o f ests , upon conjectu e , but pon th e vidence r re r a a re m ar a m a s a s w itten co ds , th t , in co p ison , l ost old e m m m ra N o r u the events which th y co e o te . m st it be f r a s r r a m a e o gotten th t thi is due , in ve y g e t e sur , to the good for tune which ha s a t tended o ne particula r series o f x a a am w a a e c v tions , n ely, those hich h ve been c rried s 1 888 o f a f on ince , on the site th e ncient city o N ur u s e x of the U ipp , by the s cce siv e peditions niversity o f P a o w ennsylv nia . I n c nnection ith this e ss ay on the e arliest period of B a bylonian chr onology I reproduce 6 2 5 8 3 8 T E NO . a r rat t x t w has not th rto ow to nothe celeb ed e hich hi e , ing the r um a es of its fir t a a ra r the ci c st nc s ppe nce , eceived ar f s a t its m rtan wa rra ts and I u e c e ul tudy th i po ce n , q ot , en a ssa nt ta n o h r monum n s us ra of th s p , cer i t e e t ill t tive i r r e a ly pe iod . M a ks are due and a re h r r art y th n , e eby ve y h e ily ff r fir the Tr ust s o f the Br M u m o e ed , s tly , to ee itish seu , r m s to sh t x s r t a nd for pe is ion publi the e t p in ed herein , ir E A W a s Bu K r f to S . o seco ndly, lli dge , eepe th e D a r m t of E a a n d A s a A s who ep t en gypti n syri n ntiquitie , e nco ura ged me to publish this e s s ay a n d a s si s ted me in rk the wo . 2 and For a m odificati on of certain statements made on pp . 9 a of a I o to an 3 7 concerning the Dyn sty Ag de, w uld refer Additi onal N ote which appears at the end of this work . c G A D D . L ul M 1 2 1 . f y 7 , 9 THE EARLY DYNASTIES OF SUMER KAD AN D AK . C H A P T E R I ource S s . That the B abylonian scribes had preserved at least the chr ono w logica l outline of their history from the Fl ood until the Persia n c onquest had always been inferred from the Greek traditi on found f o in e in the late excerptors o B erossus . But it is nly recent y ars a n a has om a a a in a m of th t tive evidence bec e v il ble, the fr g ents s a a o on on a a to a a t nd rd w rks chr ology, which ppe r h ve been dr wn an re- o at a nu up d c pied the centr l shrine of Nippur . It is necessary here to do more than m enti on th at this evidence , has n o a m a a , u til very recently, been c nstituted by wh t y be c lled o b two groups . The c llecti on of Nippur fragments published y ' ' R PO E BE L H zslor zca l Tax is a of a o a D . ( ) t kes up the history B byl ni mm a a o and ou om a co n i edi tely fter the Fl od, w ld, if c plete, h ve to of a mm a tinned it the end the Isin Dyn sty, which i edi tely a h a o . o t e preceded the First Dyn sty of B byl n Such , h wever, is damage to the tablets that all the middle p ortion of the maim ‘ x m m an d a a a x the te t is co pletely issing, gre t g p e ists between a a a and a o s very e rly Dyn sty of Aw n th t of Isin , which c nclude m . a and a a s the list Other fr g ents (N os . 3 4) st nd isol ted in thi to m of a and m void with their references the kingdo s Ag de Gutiu , a o n ot o o n o ma but their rel tive positi n could , with ut ther i f r tion, m n o ma a x . o a o o x h ve been fi ed F rtun tely, s e such i f r ti n e isted in f m T he the second o those groups of evidence entioned above . tablet published by F A T H E R S CH E I L in apparently a First a x a om o at not m erel ad Dyn sty e tr ct fr the Isin w rks Nippur, y_ as o u of two a n om of a e justed, it were , the f c s these e rly ki gd s Ag d an d m a o ac a s Gutiu , but c rried the chronol gy b k three dyn stie 1 ’ ’ Cam us r enaus ae dc: I n scr i tions 1 1 I 606 at 5 p p , 9 , p .