25555 Index 10/7/04 8:56 AM Page 240 index Aachen, Germany (formerly Alphonse the Magnanimous, apparitions, 1, 2, 3; of Blessed Aix-la-Chapelle), 7, 60, 69, 207 Virgin Mary, 2, 90, 99, 131 73, 143; Cathedral at, 11, 73 Amalfi, Italy, 126 Appollonea, St., 45 Abbey Church of Saint Mary Amaseno, Italy, 157–158 Apt, France, 110, 111 Magdalene at Vezelay, 105, Ambrose, St., 4–5, 6, 8, 67, 157 Aquitane, France, 88 109 American Commission for the Arameans, 86 Abbot Suger’s Chalice, 209 Protection and Salvage of Ararat, Mount, 4, 167–172, 181, Abgar V, King, 15–16 Artistic and Historic 182, 183; geopolitical Abgar VIII, 17 Monuments in War Areas obstacles to exploration of Abu Saud, Effendi, 136 (Monuments Commission), the region, 168, 172, 181 Acciaioli, Captain Leone degli, 74 Arbash Cipher, 89 129 Amiens, France, head of St. Arch of Titus, 198 acheiropoietoe (image made John the Baptist in, 82, 87–88 Aretas, King, 85, 86 not by human hands), 16, 47 Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, Arguelles, Bishop Ramon, 114 Acre, 59; bishop of, 57 180 Arian Christians, 66, 199, Acts of Pilate, 76; on Veil of Anastasios, Emperor, 142 200–201 Veronica, 43, 44–45 Andre of Montbard, 190 ArkImaging, 167 Acts of Thaddeus, 17 Andrew, St., 5, 11, 78, 123–126, Ark of Noah. See Noah’s Ark Acts of the Apostles, 46, 140, 221 Ark of the Covenant, 95, 182, 143, 145 angels, 84 184–205; creating, 185–186; Acts of Thomas, 127, 128 Anicetus, Pope, 122 Ethiopia and, 184, 185, 189, Adam, 93 Anjara, shrine of the Blessed 190–191, 193–194; in France, Adana Air Base, Turkey, 170 Virgin at, 80 185, 199–204; Ireland and, Addai, 16 Annas (adviser to the 194–197; Knights Templar Adler, Alan, 26–27, 31 Sanhedrin), 65 and, 184, 190–191, 204; Aedh, 196 Anne, St. (grandmother of powers of, 184, 186–187, 188, Aegeus (Roman proconsul), Jesus), 8, 11, 109–112, 209, 223 205; in Rome, 198–199; in 124 Annunciation, the, 91–92 Rosslyn Chapel, Scotland, Aengus, 196 anorexia nervosa, 117 185, 204; Temple of Solomon Agrippina, 122 Anthony of Padua, St., 159–160, and, 188, 189 Ahio and Oza, 187 COPYRIGHTED203 MATERIALArmenia as landing site for Aistulf, 47 Antioch, Asia Minor, 208 Noah’s Ark, 168, 175, 178, 181, Aix-la-Chapelle. See Aachen, Antioch chalice, 209–210 182 Germany (formerly Aix-la- Antoninus of Piacenza, St., 76, Arnald-Amalric, 202 Chapelle) 78 Aroulf (French bishop), 17 Alaric, 67, 199 apocryphal Gospels, 62, 101, Artemis, goddess, 151 Albanopolis (now Baku), 142 102–103 Asclepiodotus, 52 Alexandria, Egypt, 81; St. Apollo, spear of, 210 Asclepius, 8 Mark’s body in, 146, 147, 148 Apollonj-Ghetti, Bruno, 120 Ashurbannipal, library of, 176 Alfonso VI, King, 49 apostles. See names of individual Asmodeus (demon), 203 Alfred, the canon of Durham, apostles Assumption of Mary, 92–93 10 Apostolic Palace, Rome, 1 Assyrians, 189 240 25555 Index 10/7/04 8:56 AM Page 241 Index 241 Ataulphus, 199 Bernini, 122–123 Bron’s cauldron (Bran’s Athanagild, King, 68 Berosus, 169 cauldron, Cauldron of Athanasius, Bishop, 94 Bertelli, Ruggero, 63 Dagda), 206, 210 Athelstan (ruler of England), Bertz, Bill, 171 Brookhaven Laboratory, 29 70 Bevilacqua, Cardinal Anthony, Brother of Jesus, The Attila, 9 113 (Witherington), 137 Augustine (church writer), 124 Bible Code, The (Drosnin), 184 Bruce, James, 190–191 Augustine, St., 5, 45 Biblical Archeology Review, 133 Bruges, Belgium, 60 Auspicius, St., 110 biofeedback, 8 Bruges Grail, 209 Austria, 71, 73 Birth of Venice, 132 Brugioni, Dino, 171 Autun, France, 106 Black Sea, 174, 175, 179, 181 Bruse, Father Jim, 99 Ayios Anastasios Church, Black Virgin, 97 Bryce, Sir James, 169 Peristerona, 218 Blaise, St., 8–9, 45 Brydon, Robert, 192 Azarius, 189 Blessed Virgin Mary, 7, 11, 43, Bucklin, Dr. Robert, 22 80, 90–99, 109, 150, 151, Buddha, 6 Babylonian Captivity, 116, 189, 152–153; the Annunciation, Burke’s Peerage, 21 194, 197 91–92; apparitions of, 2, 90, Bush, George H. W., 167 Babylonian story of the flood, 99, 131; the Assumption, Byzantine armies, 47 176–178 92–93; feast days, 91–93; Byzantine art, depictions of Bagatti, P., 136 goddess role and, 93–95, 101; Jesus in, 17 Baima-Bollone, Pierluigi, 28 Immaculate Conception, 92; Bajazet, Sultan, 78 in the New World, 96–97; Cabrini, St. Francis, 46 Baldwin, King, 56 tomb of, 92, 93; Veil of Caesarea, Christian library at, Baldwin II, King, 58, 190 Veronica and, 46; weeping 42 Ballestrero, Cardinal of Turin, statues of, 2, 90–91, 99 Cahill, Dr. Thomas, 27 29 blood, 1, 5; of St. Gennaro, Caiaphas (high priest), 65 Bannockburn, battle of, 9, 154–157; of St. Lawrence (San Caligula, 46, 122 190 Lorenzo), 157–158; thixotropy Callahan, Dr. Philip, 98 baptism, 83 effect, 154–155, 156, 158. See Calvin, John, 62, 109, 143, 204 Barbet, Dr. Pierre, 23, 24 also individual relics Cambodia, 217 Barbujani, Guido, 144 bodies or body parts, Camino de Santiago, the Way Bari, Italy, 160, 165–166 incorrupt, 2, 3, 152–153, of St. James, 129–130 Barnabas (cousin of St. Mark), 158–159 Cammarata, Vincenzo, 216–217 148 Bollinger, Jim, 193 Camorra, the, 156 Baronio, Cardinal, 125 Bollone, Dr., 63 Canale, Marcello, 28 Baruch (Simon Brugh or Bonaventura (sister of St. Cantebury Cathedral, 142 Brach) (scribe), 194, 196 Catherine of Siena), 114 Capilla del Santo Caliz, Basilica di Sant Antonio in Bonaventure, St., 159 Valencia, 206–207, 208 Padua, 159 bones, 1, 2, 5; “manna” from. Cappella Carafa, Duomo of Basilica of Mount Sion, 76 See “manna.” See also names of Naples, 155 Basilica of St. Justina, Padua, individuals Cappella del Tesoro, Duomo of 145 Bonus (Venetian merchant), Naples, 155 Basilica of St. Mark, Venice, 147 147 carbon 14 dating, 40, 89, 135, Basilica of St. Thérèse of the Bormann, Martin, 203 146; errors, 29, 30–31; of Child Jesus, Normandy, 112 Boston, Massachusetts, 9 Shroud of Turin, 2, 13–14, Basilica of the Holy Apostles, Botolph, St., 9 29–32, 33, 42 Rome, 141 Botticelli, Sandro, 132 Carcassonne, France, 199, 200 Basilica of the Holy Blood, St. Boulouge, chapel at, 96 Carmelite monasteries, 113 Basil’s Chapel, Belgium, 60 Bramante, 122 Carnivale, 211 Becket, St. Thomas à, Bran’s cauldron (Bron’s Carolingians, 109, 146, 199 archbishop of Canterbury, cauldron, Cauldron of Carthusian monks, 100 100 Dagda), 206, 210 Casanova, Baron, 110 Bede, St., 10 Bretons of France, 111 Castle Church, Wittenberg, Benedict, St., 10 brigantes, 132 9–10 Benedict XIV, Pope, 78 Brigit, Brigantine sea goddess, Cathars, 19, 185, 201–202, 204, Beneveto, Italy, 142 131–132 213 Benford, M. Sue, 31, 32, 36 Brigit, St., 132 Cathedral of Notre Dame, Bernadette, St., 152–153 British Society for the Turin Amiens, 87–88 Bernadine, St., 45 Shroud (BSTS), 24 Cathedral of Notre Dame, Bernard, St., 108, 190, 201 Brittany, 111 Chartres, 94, 95 25555 Index 10/7/04 8:56 AM Page 242 242 Index Cathedral of Our Lady of the Church of San Bartolomeo, Andrew’s remains and, 125, Pillar, Sargossa, Spain, 11 Rome, 142 126; Shroud of Turin in, 18, Cathedral of St. John the Church of Santa Croce in 31; Veil of Veronica and, 46 Baptist, Chapel of the Holy Gerusalemme, Rome, 63–64, Constantius, Emperor, 52, 145 Shroud, Turin, 14 129 “Contest of the Singers at Cathedral of St. Thomas, Church of Santa Maria Sopra Wartburg, The,” 213 Mylapore, 128 Minerva, Rome, 114 Coon, Carleton, 22 Cathedral of St. Vitus, Prague, Church of St. Catherine’s, Copper Scrolls, 190 146 Germany, 73 Coptic Church, Christian, 146, Cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Church of St. Francis, 148, 211 Newark, 113 Lanciano, 63 Cordero, Gil, 97 Cathedral San Lorenzo, Genoa, Church of St. Maria, Amaseno, Cornish legend of the Y’s, 208–209 158 173 Catherine dei Ricci, St., 153 Church of St. Matthew, Trier, Cornucopia, the Horn of Catherine of Bologna, St., 153 150 Plenty, 206, 210 Catherine of Siena, St., patron Church of St. Sophia, Correnti, Verenando, 120 saint of Italy (Catherine di Constantinople, 78 Council of Nicaea of 325, 54, Benincasa), 114–117; Dialogue Church of the Holy Cross, 93–94, 162 of, 116–117 Jerusalem, 63 Crispell, Tom, 171 Catholic Encyclopedia, 76, 93 Church of the Holy Sepulcher, crops, blessing the, 9 Catholic World News, 197 Jerusalem, 55 Crotser, Tom, 193 Cauldron of Dagda (Bran’s Church of the Intercession, Crown of Thorns, 11, 41, 58–59, cauldron, Bron’s cauldron), Russia, 218 60, 64, 82, 129; wounds made 206, 210 Church of the Most Holy by, 24 Cave of the Seven Sleepers, 103 Virgin, Ephesus, 94 crucifixion, 24 Cedrono, Giorgio, 47 Cid, El, 49 Crucifixion, the, 43–44, 54, 92, celibacy: the Cathar perfecti Cistercian order of monks, 108; 142–143; Crown of Thorns and, 201; St. Thomas’ views monastery of la Boissiere, (see Crown of Thorns); on, 128 France, 7, 57 Gospel accounts of, 15, 24; Celtic Grail, 206, 210–211 Claremont-Gannueau, nails of, 2, 11, 53, 58, 59–61, Central Intelligence Agency Charles, 136 64, 129; nail wounds, 23–24, (CIA), 4, 167, 171 Clare of Assisi, St., 153 29; the reed, 61; sacred blood Charlemagne, 7, 60, 68–69, 73, Clarke, Douglas, 91 of Jesus, 60–61; scourging, 74, 78, 96, 105, 110, 111, 150; Clement (early church writer 24, 43; sponge given to Jesus crown of, 109 and bishop), 148 to drink, 58, 59, 60, 61; Charles, Prince, 166 Clement I, Pope, 45, 46 Stations of the Cross (Way of Charles Martel (Charles the Clement III, Pope, 105 the Cross), 44; three crosses Hammer), 68, 200 Clement IV, Pope, 106 of, 52, 53, 65, 129; True Cross Charles of Borromeo, St., 60 Clement VI, Pope, 202 (see True Cross); wound from Charles the Bald, king of Clement of Alexandria, 103, 134 spear of Longinus, 24, 36, 43, France, 62, 95 Cleophas (brother of Joseph), 65, 76–77 (see also spear of Charroux Abbey, 62 133 Longinus) Chartres, France, 94, 95 Cloisters Museum, 209 Crusades, 3, 7, 18, 47, 56, 57, 58, Chicago, Illinois, 160 Clotilde, Princess of Savoy, 21 61, 82, 87, 201–202, 208 Chinese belief in healing Coca-Cola advertisements, St.