December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia Rural Electrification & Renewable Energy Utilization in Mongolia Introduction The Government of Mongolia has identified rural development and rural living standards as having a high priority and acknowledged the drawbacks played by a lack of rural electricity access. Background Energy access in rural areas of Mongolia is minimal and delivered services leave much room for improvement. Of the 314 Soum centers, 55% operate diesel generators to satisfy minimal electricity needs: about half do not operate during the summer, continuous operation is carried out by only 13% of the Soum centers during summer and only 34% of the centers during the winter. The remainder operate only at about 2-4 hours per day during the winter. Soum centers are sparsely populated during the summer when herders move to pasture lands, but provide essential services (such as health and education) during the winter when many herders temporarily settle to survive the cold. The systems are owned and operated by the Soum governments and are not financially or operationally sustainable. The main problems are the inability to generate revenues needed to purchase diesel for plant operation and poor institutional capability of operating Soum utilities. The herders have no possibility of getting electricity service other than by an individual supply source. Under such conditions, cost recovery and maintenance of investments in conventional electricity supply infrastructure have proven to be difficult and alternative delivery mechanisms need to be looked at. It is expected that a combination of institutional reforms, establishing public-private partnerships, and the expanded use of renewable energy will greatly improve living conditions of the rural population as well as improve the delivery of rural services. Assessment of Renewable Energy for Remote Areas Solar Resource Mongolia has a very good solar resource. In summer, solar irradiance is in the range of 5.5 - 6.0 kWh/m2 per day for about 71% of the total land area of Mongolia, with 2,900 - 3,000 sunshine hours per year. The following Fig. shows radiation data for a number of different locations in Mongolia. December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCE OF MONGOLIA Annual global solar radiation, kWh / m2 December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia Daily (Wh/m2day) and annual (kWh/m2year) global solar radiation on horizontal plane (measured value) Meteorological 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year station 1. Gurvan Tes 2068 3051 4250 5301 6090 5905 5330 5026 4471 3398 2301 1740 1489 2. Dalanzadgad 2415 3479 4699 5802 6629 6692 5778 5377 4963 3815 2577 1982 1650 3. khuvsgul - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4. Saikhan - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. Sainshand 1966 3119 4445 5737 6491 6. Tooroi 2009 3053 4520 5626 6465 6362 6238 5725 4846 3481 2243 1688 1591 7. Bayandelger - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8. Mandalgovi 1732 2712 3917 4715 5543 5602 5030 4482 4089 3050 1969 1567 1352 9. Baitag 1748 2690 3873 5008 5799 5937 5907 5543 4222 2826 1959 1533 1433 10. Tonkhil - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11. Altai 1781 2837 4094 4881 5820 5757 5120 4870 4041 3112 2055 1482 1396 12. Baruun-Urt - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13. Bayankhongor 1750 2969 4306 5305 6112 6094 5791 4974 4455 3219 2102 1514 1479 14. Khujirt - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15. Tsetserleg 1632 2826 4075 4925 5547 5238 4801 4275 3797 2694 1979 1372 1313 16. Khalkh gol 1672 2898 4025 4761 5327 5581 5144 4686 3989 2921 1841 1321 1344 17. Zuunmod - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18. Uliastai 1724 2881 4250 5114 5774 5839 5322 5326 4211 3004 1914 1394 1410 19. Amgalan 1468 2318 3675 4158 5430 5129 4317 4275 3698 2642 1724 1226 1220 December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia 20. Ulaanbaatar 1557 2685 4075 5024 6000 6045 5259 4708 4012 2890 1884 1278 1383 21. Terelj 1653 2697 3986 5020 5626 5450 4189 4180 3939 2870 1846 1316 1301 22. Khovd - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23. Choibalsan 1676 2767 3933 4638 5560 5563 5200 4579 3810 2856 1890 1361 1334 24. Ugtaal - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25. Yalalt - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26. Bulgan 1352 2256 3137 3719 4688 4644 3980 3697 3142 2401 1600 1149 1088 27. Zuunkharaa 1593 2506 3767 4375 5278 5346 4381 4213 3479 2508 1548 1262 1225 28. Ulgii 1399 2809 3712 4756 5541 5708 5280 4861 3919 2704 1655 1157 1324 29. Dadal - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3Î. Erdenet - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31. Khutag - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32. Darkhan 1356 2464 3747 4661 5805 5647 4611 3941 3205 2066 1344 934 1211 33. Murun 1343 2432 3742 4777 5528 5683 5082 4597 3796 2646 1588 1097 1288 34. ulaangom 1293 2425 3974 4980 5872 6238 5557 4831 3802 2471 1353 966 1333 35. Shaamar - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36. Khatgal - - - - - - - - - - - - - Daily and annual solar radiation duration, hour (measured value) Meteorological 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year station 1. Gurvan Tes 241.2 234.1 276.7 293.9 336.6 328.6 330.3 319.9 298.1 281.1 244.1 224.3 3409.1 2. Dalanzadgad 227.0 220.1 257.1 259.2 314.1 313.9 302.8 297.4 285.4 272.2 229.1 217.1 3195.4 3. khuvsgul 222.0 224.9 256.6 265.8 309.4 317.3 321.8 305.9 293.1 270.7 221.6 210.1 3229.6 December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia 4. Saikhan 221.6 218.2 252.1 260.7 304.4 304.8 302.3 319.1 295.9 271.2 222.7 208.5 3185.5 5. Sainshand 217.8 219.0 274.8 277.2 308.7 308.9 311.0 286.7 282.9 263.9 219.0 203.0 3173.1 6. Tooroi 197.7 213.2 257.7 267.1 304.9 297.2 318.1 311.3 283.6 259.0 202.6 178.5 3107.0 7. Bayandelger 211.4 222.4 276.3 272.4 310.2 322.6 315.5 296.7 276.6 250.4 212.4 195.2 3162.1 8. Mandalgovi 210.5 223.4 273.4 263.7 300.7 297.6 292.5 285.9 279.7 258.0 210.9 201.8 3110.1 9. Baitag 201.4 215.4 273.2 294.6 333.0 341.8 352.1 333.3 255.7 251.2 200.3 178.0 3257.5 10. Tonkhil 206.7 207.7 271.5 256.9 294.5 263.0 285.9 276.3 264.5 241.4 205.9 193.3 2949.8 11. Altai 201.1 208.3 252.5 260.6 308.9 298.5 293.2 290.2 272.4 246.1 199.6 184.8 3015.9 12. Baruun-Urt 203.3 216.4 263.5 274.6 304.5 303.0 203.9 290.1 280.0 245.2 203.2 183.2 3071.2 13. Bayankhongor 260.5 223.7 271.5 275.1 320.1 309.6 308.8 293.2 280.8 261.7 220.6 205.4 3281.0 14. Khujirt 196.4 210.7 261.5 252.9 233.0 272.8 260.4 250.0 250.3 238.5 196.0 172.3 2848.6 15. Tsetserleg 185.7 197.2 250.2 245.6 279.6 275.4 265.2 260.3 254.0 232.5 186.6 172.6 2805.1 16. Khalkh gol 191.5 208.8 261.7 260.4 292.2 294.4 287.1 285.4 245.7 235.0 185.1 162.7 2911.0 17. Zuunmod 203.1 204.8 267.1 269.4 309.6 295.0 277.7 268.6 256.4 235.7 197.1 175.2 2959.7 18. Uliastai 186.6 204.8 260.7 266.3 341.4 302.1 291.3 288.9 26 .3 223.6 174.0 166.2 2942.2 19. Amgalan 158.4 194.2 264.8 281.4 277.4 286.3 280.3 263.1 246.3 200.2 188.1 157.0 2796.0 20. Ulaanbaatar 176.1 204.8 265.2 262.5 299.3 269.0 249.3 258.3 245.7 227.5 177.4 156.4 2791.5 21. Terelj 189.4 199.1 257.3 277.4 297.0 279.8 255.4 218.5 235.0 214.9 183.8 171.6 2779.2 22. Khovd 171.6 196.3 255.2 266.8 300.4 300.1 366.1 298.0 269.7 236.9 180.3 151.0 2922.4 23. Choibalsan 198.5 212.0 266.1 264.0 294.9 307.3 297.9 287.1 258.2 239.2 199.5 177.6 3002.3 24. Ugtaal 182.0 196.9 264.5 262.5 312.6 284.1 277.8 258.9 249.0 200.5 173.0 131.7 2843.5 25. Yalalt 177.6 196.7 253.6 267.0 307.1 298.6 297.6 293.4 261.4 216.7 177.2 155.0 2901.9 26. Bulgan 164.4 195.5 257.3 256.8 281.8 268.6 259.2 257.8 228.1 215.0 160.4 143.8 2688.7 27. Zuunkharaa 165.5 183.6 227.3 209.7 270.2 272.1 241.0 259.2 212.5 201.7 161.0 135.4 2539.5 December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia 28. Ulgii 164.4 187.7 255.1 267.3 231.5 302.6 319.6 302.6 262.3 221.9 172.6 147.7 2925.2 29. Dadal 193.7 211.5 267.3 268.4 292.6 273.0 255.2 251.4 241.6 228.5 136.4 165.9 2835.5 3Î.