Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Princeton Diplomatic Invitational 2020 Project Azorian Chairs: Kris Hristov & Scott Overbey Crisis Director: Gabriel Peña 1 Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER CONTENTS CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... 2 LETTERS FROM THE STAFF ......................................................................................... 3 COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 5 24 hour format .................................................................................................................... 6 Committee Sessions 1&2 ................................................................................................... 6 Committee Session 3 through 6 ........................................................................................ 6 CURRENT STATUS ............................................................................................................ 7 A Brief Summary of Nuclear Weapons ........................................................................... 7 MAD About You: Nuclear Tactics .................................................................................. 9 Rocketmen: Delivery Systems ......................................................................................... 11 The Red Banner Fleet: The Soviet Nuclear Navy ........................................................ 12 K-129 .................................................................................................................................. 13 Recovering a nuclear submarine: User’s Manual .......................................................... 15 QUESTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION ....................................................................... 16 CHARACTER LIST ............................................................................................................ 17 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 23 2 Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER LETTERS FROM THE STAFF Dear Delegates, Welcome to Project Azorian! My name is Kris Hristov and I will be chairing your committee. I speak Bulgarian, English and Russian and major at the Woodrow Wilson School of International Relations and Public Policy. This is my third year on Princeton’s Model UN team and on PDI. Outside of Model UN I write for the Daily Princetonian and I am president of the Princeton Aviation Club. This past summer I conducted research on EU drug policy, illegal logging and far right activity readiness in Bulgaria at the Center for the Study for Democracy in Sofia. I plan to apply for the United States Foreign Service after graduating. I’d be more than happy to answer any questions about this committee, I can be reached at [email protected]. Best of luck, Kris Hristov Dear Delegates, My name is Scott Overbey, and I’m a junior at Princeton in the Economics Department with certificates in Statistics/Machine Learning, Political Economy, and Urban Studies. I’m from Cincinnati, OH, and I’m very proud of that (best city in the nation). Anyways, I’m extremely excited to be a co-chair for our longest committee at PDI, and I’m even more excited to meet all of you. Ahead of that, I’ll share a little about me. Here at Princeton, I’m a Residential College Advisor in Butler College, Captain of the Model UN Team, and a student research in Princeton’s Eviction Lab where I study the causes and implications of evictions in the United States. This ties into my larger academic and professional focus of public policy, specifically policy related to housing 3 Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER and urban development. I’ve spent my last two summers doing research on this, both in a legal context in Cincinnati and an academic context here at Princeton. If you’d like to ask me any questions about committee or myself, feel free to reach out at [email protected] or 513-600-1580. See you soon! Scott Dear Delegates, My name is Gabriel Peña and I’ll be your Crisis Director for Project Azorian. Here’s a few details about me. I’m from San Antonio, Texas and still getting adjusted to colder weather up here. I’m a prospective Woodrow Wilson School major and I’m pursing a certificate in Near Eastern Studies. Beyond academics I’m a member of the Model United Nations Team and Princeton Army ROTC. I’m incredibly excited to be working at PDI and if you have any questions feel free to reach out via email. Email: [email protected] See you soon! Gabriel 4 Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION Welcome to 1971! The world is almost evenly split between the capitalist West and communist East. As Vietnam seems like an increasingly pointless war, the United States has lost prestige, trust, and influence abroad, emboldening the Soviets to build up their nuclear arsenal and influence globally. For Americans, the future is increasingly uncertain. As a public front, this committee in part seeks to restore American leadership in conquering the last terrestrial frontier: the deep sea. We have gathered the best and brightest minds in American science, industry and high technology here for Project Azorian. As far as the public is concerned, you will evaluate the feasibility of undersea manganese nodule mining and further exploitation of the sea as a means to build a better life on land. Reality is much more interesting. Four years ago, in 1968, four submarines mysteriously disappeared: one American, one Soviet, one French and one Israeli. The USS Scorpion and Soviet K-129 both had nuclear warheads onboard. Through the use of a classified listening system, the Navy was able to approximately locate and confirm the photograph the K-129 with several dives. Given the recent nuclear buildup in the USSR, the President and National Security apparatus has deemed it a priority to recover a Soviet ballistic missile and submarine to evaluate its potential weaknesses. This committee’s focus will be developing and deploying the technology to salvage K-129. As a committee of “power players” in their respective fields, each delegate will wield substantial portfolio powers and connections by default. Due to the limited committee time and format, we will be operating on the following timeline. 5 Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER 24 hour format This committee will run from 5 PM February 28th to 12 PM on February 29th. It is recommended for more experienced delegates who have previously done crisis simulations. Committee Sessions 1&2 5 PM – 1 AM These two sessions will take place in 1971. This is to ensure some semblance of realism: salvage ships take a long time to build, research and development is an expensive and time- consuming business. All characters are factually in their respective roles in 1974. To maintain simplicity, assume that your character has their 1974 position and portfolio powers in 1971, which is when they will begin the buildup to Project Azorian. Committee Session 3 through 6 There will be a time skip to July 1974, at 1:30 AM (the start of session 3), when the salvage operations were mobilizing. Your crisis notes and directives will take into effect in 1974. For example, if you contracted a ship in 1971 and financed it, it will be complete by 1974 with an initial shakedown cruise to evaluate performance and what needs to be fixed. By default, assume that your present position is held unless you have advanced or been denoted in committee. If you are AEC chairwoman in 1971, you will remain so in 1974, regardless if in reality you would have overstayed your term. It is in your best interest to develop longer run, high payoff crisis arcs which come to fruition later in the night. Sessions 3-6 will be less structured, focusing on timed crises, more unmoderated caucuses and updates. 6 Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER Top Secret // ORCON // JENNIFER CURRENT STATUS The following information is highly classified. They are exclusively for your viewing and not to be distributed amongst your respective agencies. All information here represents the bleeding edge of nuclear war planning in 1971. Useful terms: ICBM - Inter Continental Ballistic Missile SIOP- Single Integrated Operational Plan: The American nuclear war plan Boomer- Ballistic Missile Submarine Drive bus- Guide vehicle for nuclear warheads, usually with small rocket motors for high- altitude use A Brief Summary of Nuclear Weapons Nuclear weapons were proposed across Europe in the 1930’s, as technology began to allow theoretical physics and elements to become real experiments. While World War II hampered European developments for all powers, the American Manhattan Project brought nuclear arms into reality with the 1945 Trinity test1. Following the deployment of the two atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, no nation has used such a weapon in anger. Nevertheless, the US has developed increasingly more powerful and survivable nuclear weapons delivery systems. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was close behind in 1945. Soviet spies informed Joseph Stalin of the Manhattan Project before even President Truman knew of its existence. The Soviet industry, ravaged by the Second World War and focused on rebuilding the country, still managed to produce the Pervaya Molniya (First Lightning) nuclear