AUSTRALIAN LANGUAGE & CULTURE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lonely Planet | 248 pages | 01 Apr 2013 | Lonely Planet Publications Ltd | 9781741048070 | English | Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia Learn about the captivating history, language and culture in Australia The nation was deeply involved and affected by both world wars and the Great Depression, but it continued to develop into a modern, versatile nation and grew as both a domestic and international power. Racial reconciliation was given a boost in when government issued a formal apology to the indigenous population for the past. Australia remains a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its present monarch. Turnbull, of the Liberal Party, is currently serving as Prime Minister, having been re-elected in Did you know? A largely informal atmosphere prevails; shaking hands is the customary greeting. Casual wear is worn everywhere except in the most exclusive restaurants, social gatherings and important business meetings. Most restaurants forbid smoking. Main articles: National symbols of Australia and Australian royal symbols. Main article: Australian comedy. Main article: Australian Literature. Miles Franklin , founder and namesake of Australia's most prestigious literary award. Main article: Theatre in Australia. Main articles: Architecture of Australia and Australian architectural styles. The University of Sydney. Main article: Visual arts of Australia. See also: Indigenous Australian art. Bradshaws in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Sunbaker , an iconic photograph by Max Dupain. Lonely Planet heralded Melbourne as the "street art capital of the world". Main article: Cinema of Australia. Main article: Music of Australia. Main article: Indigenous Australian music. See also: Australian rock and Australian country music. Main article: Dance in Australia. Main article: Television in Australia. Main article: Religion in Australia. Main article: Public holidays in Australia. 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Estimates of the number of distinct Aboriginal languages at the time of European contact range from to A precise count is difficult, not only because of the problem of distinguishing dialects from languages but because many speech varieties became extinct before they could be systematically recorded, and they are known—if at all—from fragmentary and badly transcribed missionary word lists. A major collective effort to record the surviving languages began in the early s, and fairly complete grammars or grammatical sketches of perhaps languages are now available. Most specialists agree that the languages of continental Australia are a genetic group. In the Torres Strait Islands one of the two languages is genetically Australian while the other is Papuan. Other languages, such as Tiwi and Anindilyakwa, spoken on small offshore islands, clearly belong to the Australian family. The language or languages of Tasmania were not extensively studied before their extinction; the meagre surviving lists of Tasmanian words show the characteristic Australian sound system, but the words themselves do not form demonstrable cognate sets with continental languages. The major issue in the internal subgrouping of Australian languages is the relationship between the Pama- Nyungan group, which covers 90 percent of the continent, and the residual non-Pama-Nyungan cluster, which stretches across northernmost Australia except Queensland. The Yuulngu group is a separate Pama-Nyungan enclave, isolated from the main block by intervening non-Pama-Nyungan languages, as indicated on the map. In classifications published between and , Pama-Nyungan was identified as a genetic subfamily; but the remaining languages were divided into some 25 to 30 subfamilies, some with just a single language, each descending separately from Proto-Australian. As new data have become available, it has become clear that many and possibly all of these northern subfamilies are more closely related to each other than to Pama- Nyungan, and scholars now seriously entertain the possibility that non-Pama-Nyungan is a genuine genetic entity. Personal pronouns in particular seem to differentiate the two divisions, a feature that has been used to revise the eastern boundary of non-Pama- Nyungan. Among the most convincing cognates linking Pama-Nyungan and non-Pama-Nyungan are a small set of monosyllabic verb stems that appear to be derived from a common element in an older language. In the examples given, the asterisk marks a form that is reconstructed as having existed in Proto-Australian. Australian language & culture : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive Australian Aboriginal languages , family of some to Indigenous languages spoken in Australia and a few small offshore islands by approximately 50, people. Many of the languages are already extinct, and some are spoken by only dwindling numbers of elderly people, but a few are still vigorous. There is currently a resurgence of ethnic pride among Aboriginal peoples, and government programs