B O O K r EVIEWS TrIQuET’S CrOSS: deployed with his regiment to the United Kingdom. Thereafter, a STuDy IN MILITARY hErOISM his leadership potential was also recognized, and, by early by John Macfarlane 1941, he had been commissioned as an officer. Montreal: Mcgill-Queen’s university Press, 2009 By 1943, the Canadian Army was in Action in Sicily 250 pages, $34.95 (hardcover) and Italy, and Triquet earned a reputation as an officer who ISBN 978-0-7735-3577-0 led from the front. In December of that year, his company reviewed by Peter J. Williams was chosen to lead a battalion attack to capture Casa Berardi in order to facilitate the Allied advance. German resistance mong the sculptures of 14 heroes in Canadian was extremely stiff, and, in the midst of the fighting, Triquet military history, adjacent to the National War uttered the words which were to be forever associated with Memorial in Ottawa, is one of Paul Triquet, his actions and those of his men: “We are surrounded, the or, more correctly, Brigadier (ret’d) Paul enemy is in front, behind and at our sides-the safest place is Triquet, VC, CD. As a captain and company on the objective.” Triquet and his men eventually took the Acommander in the Royal 22e Régiment (R22eR) fighting in objective. In the process, his company was reduced from 81 Italy during the Second World War, he to 14 men. Triquet did not escape won the Victoria Cross, then, as now, entirely unscathed from the action, the Commonwealth’s highest award and, in speaking later of the events of for valour. that day, whereupon he constantly moved about his company’s position, While some may be aware of motivating his men, he stated: “In the Triquet’s actions at Casa Berardi in state of mind I was, seeing all those late-1943, most will be unaware of his dead bodies strewn over the area, and life before and after the events for being unable to bury them, I had to, in which he is best known. With the pub- order to hang in there, be able to lication of this book, DND historian speak with the few survivors that John MacFarlane has filled a long- remained.” Herein, we get a glimpse standing gap in Canadian military his- of the psychological effects from tory, and, perhaps more importantly, which he was suffering. MacFarlane has the reader come to grips with what it means to have that The actions of Triquet at Casa most un-Canadian of labels, ‘a hero.’ Berardi soon spread throughout the MacFarlane has consulted widely in Eighth Army, of which the regiment researching this book, making use of was part, and so arose the issue of archival material in Canada and inter- how this particular action was to be views with Triquet’s family and com- recognized. Initially, Triquet’s own rades, as well as contemporary newspa- Commanding Officer (CO) recom- per articles. The Notes at the end of the mended the Distinguished Order book constitute over 60 pages in their (DSO), in itself a great honour. This own right, and, in many cases, they are recommendation was endorsed at bri- extremely detailed, always a marker for good scholarship. gade and divisional level by the appropriate Canadian com- manders. However, it was the British Commander of the 5th The book is divided into three parts and an epilogue. Part Corps, Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Allfrey, who made 1 deals with Triquet’s life before winning the VC. Next, and in the key ruling on the issue: “I won’t recommend the man the longest part of the book, the author considers the role of who broke the crust on my front for a Military Cross (MC) medals and the media in general, and focuses upon how they or a DSO. Make it a VC. He deserves it.” Herein, the author impacted Triquet’s life. In Part 3, Triquet’s post-war life is proves his mettle and turns what could have been a rather analyzed. In all, this is a somewhat bittersweet story, and, dry discourse on the honours and awards process into an indeed the book could have been entitled “Triquet’s Crosses,” analysis of the various factors including politics, the media, as it delves into subjects such as post-traumatic stress disorder and nationalism, which can impact upon the granting of and reintegration into a post-conflict military, issues with con- military decorations. Triquet received the VC from King tinuing relevance for the Canadian Forces (CF) today. George VI on 27 March 1944, the citation citing his deter- mined “leadership and example,” as well as his “magnificent Paul Triquet was born in the small town of Cabano, courage and cheerfulness.” Quebec, in 1910. Coming from a family with a strong military background, it is not surprising that he eventually chose a It is at this point that Triquet’s career as a front-line sol- career in uniform, joining the R22eR in 1927 as a private. His dier was effectively terminated. As his new CO informed him: military prowess was quickly evident, and he rose rapidly “Paul, you generously offered your life to the service to your through the ranks, becoming Regimental Sergeant-Major country and your country accepted it – it no longer belongs to (RSM) in 1939. Subsequently, at the war’s outbreak, he you.” Thus, Paul Triquet embarked upon a series or morale Vol. 11, No. 1, Winter 2010 • Canadian Military Journal 69 B O O K r EVIEWS and recruitment boosting tours across the country, initiated by 12 November 1947. With the outbreak of the Korean War, he a government which saw the advantage in promoting a volunteered for active service and is accepted as a member of Francophone winner of the nation’s highest decoration for the Reserve Force, eventually becoming CO of Le Régiment valour. Some, including the mayor of Victoria, David Howrie, de Lévis before finally retiring as a brigadier in 1959. He saw it as nothing less than “prostitution of the Victoria Cross.” remained active in regimental affairs, making a final trip to One gets the impression that Triquet himself was not fully Casa Berardi in 1974, before passing away on 4 August 1980. comfortable with his new role as a hero. This is highly evident His ashes are interred at La Citadelle, home of the R22eR, in in many of the photos of Triquet taken after the award, whether Quebec City. returning to Montreal, or giving various speeches across the country, wherein the viewer gets the sense that he would Although Canada’s recent performance at the 2010 Winter rather ‘not have been there.’ Triquet also looks much older Olympics has given rise to what some are calling a sense of than his years at the time, and both these elements are evident newfound national pride, Canadians are generally uneasy with in the book’s cover photo. ‘heroes.’ In the author’s view, the definition of a hero has changed over time, Canadians having become increasingly Following his award, Triquet continued to lobby for a skeptical of holding such people up as behavioural models to return to field duty with his beloved soldiers. There existed no be emulated. However, the successors to the tradition of clear Canadian policy on this matter, and although Triquet was Triquet’s battlefield valour continue to follow his example, able to return to the R22eR in Italy for a short period, he was particularly in Afghanistan. As long as Canada continues to destined to spend the remainder of the war in training units send its soldiers abroad in the service of the nation, the stories away from the front. of soldiers such as the brave young man from Cabano deserve to be told. Highly recommended. After the war, Triquet decided to remain in the army. However, his health began to deteriorate, he was drinking heavily, and he was attempting to reconcile with his wife. His Colonel P.J.Williams, an artillery officer, is currently Director Plans superiors considered retiring him, and he accepted their offer, Western Hemisphere on the Strategic Joint Staff at National Defence with a formal retirement date from Regular Force service of Headquarters in Ottawa. LES INTErVENTIONS MILITaIrES The chapters in Part 1 give a general overview of armed EN ZONES URBaINES: intervention in urban environments. The city is presented as an unpopular environment among troops, particularly because it PARADIgMES, STRATÉgIES ET weakens the strong and strengthens the weak. Three factors ENJEUX that have an impact on urban operations—compartmentaliza- Tanguy Struye de Swielande (ed.) tion, three-dimensionality, and people—are discussed. The réseau multidisciplinaire d’études stratégiques - N° 3, section on three dimensionality stands out in particular because Brussels :Bruylant, 2008 it aptly describes the challenges that vertical structures and 336 pages underground spaces pose in a world where three dimensional ISBN: 978-2-8027-2651-7 maps are not the norm. It is also pointed out that almost all of reviewed by Maxime Langlois today’s combats involve combatants against troops, rather than troops against troops. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that ities, those emblems of civilization and nests of combatants are often loosely organized and difficult for troops human activity, have always been of crucial to defeat, and troops are, more often than not, tricked by rudi- importance during wartime. They have been mentary tactics. What is more, troops and governments are besieged, defended, taken, destroyed, liberated, eager for speedy victories, and this leads to intervention prac- and occupied. The collectively authored Les tices that, ironically, make victory in urban areas even more Cinterventions militaires en zones urbaines : paradigmes, straté- difficult.