Cambridge University Press 0521842263 - The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World Michal Biran Index More information Index Abaoji, Liao Taizu 15, 19, 23, 26, 160, 164 Andkhud¯ 55, 79, 149, 152, 155, 156: battle of Abaqa, Ilkhan 163 65–70, 111, 151–2, 156, 158, 159, 192, ëAbbasids,¯ ëAbbasid¯ caliphate 8, 15, 16, 86, 88, 193, 194 100, 125, 177, 183, 190, 192, 197, 205, Arslan (Saljuq¯ Sultan) 137, 166 207, 215 Arslan Khan, Muh.ammad son of Sulayman¯ See also Caliph; al-Nas¯.ir (Qarakhanid) 34, 39, 140, 146, 169 ëAbd al-ëAz¯ªz b. Burhan¯ al-D¯ªn (Burhanid¯ Arslan Khan Qarluq 74, 75, 81, 149, 193 s.adr)183 atabeg 16, 163, 166 Abensi 57, 110 *Atmatigin (Qara Khitai governor in Bukhara) Abish Khatun 167 120, 127, 180 AbuGh¯ az¯ ¯ª 119, 135 Ats¨ªz(Khwarazm¯ Shah)¯ 16, 42, 44, 45, 49, 51, AbuH¯ . am¯ªd al-Gharnat¯.¯ª see al-Gharnat¯.¯ª 52, 118, 125, 139 Administration: Aurangzeb 207 Qara Khitai 102–28 ëAwf¯ª 9, 34, 109 dual 103, 112–14, 130, 210 ëAyyar¯ Beg 54, 55 Liao 14, 20, 103, 113–14, 130, 210 Ayyubids¯ 8 Mongol 121–2 Saljuq¯ 121, 129–30 Babur 207 Afghans 90 Badakhshan¯ 83 agriculture 54, 115, 135: in Qara Khitai Baghdad 7, 16, 98, 184, 190, 207 realm 135 Baha¯ìal-D¯ªn Sam¯ 65 Aguda (Jin emperor) 20, 21, 23 Baidu, Ilkhan 163 Ah.mad son of ëAbd al-ëAz¯ªz (Burhanid¯ Balas¯ agh¯ un¯ 15, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 50, s.adr)180 60, 61, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 95, 100, 101, Ah.mad son of H. asan (Qarakhanid) 37 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 116, ëAli son of H. asan (Qarakhanid) 53 118, 124, 127, 128, 133, 135, 136, 137, See also Chaghr¨ªKhan 142, 146, 150, 152, 156, 157, 177, 182, ëAli Shah¯ (Khwarazmian¯ prince) 73 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191 Allsen, T. T. 13 See also Quz Ordo Almaliq 39, 40, 64, 78, 81, 83, 96, 104, 105, Balkh 9, 46, 49, 51, 55, 58, 65, 68, 69, 70–1, 84, 106, 114, 115, 136, 142–3, 150, 155, 156, 87, 116, 117, 118, 124, 140, 154, 161, 184, 166, 169, 177, 182, 199 191, 209 Altai mountains 1, 36, 46, 57, 104 Balqash, Lake 46, 57, 104 Amur, river 27 Bamiy¯ an¯ 65, 67, 70 An Lushan 21 Bar Hebraeus 144 Anatolia 16 Baraq H. ajib¯ 87–8, 119, 123, 145, 163, 164–5, Andijan¯ 41, 77 167, 198, 200 270 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521842263 - The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World Michal Biran Index More information Index 271 See also Kirman;¯ Qara Khitai of Kirman;¯ Chaghr¨ªKhan (Qarakhanid) 53, 150 Qutlugh Khan Chahar¯ maqala¯ 180 Barchuq Art Tegin (Uighur Idi-qut) 75, 117 Chang Chun 6, 50, 96, 107, 127, 131, 135, 136, Barskhan¯ 105, 106, 112, 133 178, 180, 215 Barthold, V. V. 11, 12, 59, 71, 73, 78, 138 Chang De 96 Bashkirs, Bashkiria 89, 90 Changan 97, 98 basqaq 83, 112, 119, 126, 145, 203, 205 Chen Shu 216, 217 Bayawut (tribe) 144 Chengtian see Yelu ¨ Pusuwan Bei shi ji 24 Ch¯ªn (Persian: China) 34, 97, 98, 100 Beijing 11, 13, 23 Chin Tem¨ur145, 205 Benjamin of Tudela, 125, 179, 187 China 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 27, 31, Bernshtam, A. N. 105, 106, 107 32, 33, 37, 47, 58, 65, 76, 89, 90, 93–131, Besh Baliq 41, 76, 96, 180 137, 138, 141, 147, 148, 158, 169, 170, B¯ªb¯ª Turkan 167 175, 176, 177, 182, 195, 196, 197, 198, Bilge Khan 36–7 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 210, 211, 215, B¯ªrun¯ ¯ª177 216: administration 102–3; historiography Bohai 13, 14, 23, 26, 27, 103, 126, 127, 129, 1, 4–7; image in Central Asia 97–101, 131, 146, 150, 154 204, 209–10; imperial tradition 130, 172, Bolad Chingsang 145 196, 198, 201, 202, 204, 207, 211 Bolisu 37 Chinggis Khan 2, 6, 8, 15, 50, 60, 64, 74, 75, 76, border markets 57 81, 83, 85, 87, 88, 101, 138, 142, 143, 166, Bosworth, C. E. 53, 59 169, 172, 177, 180, 200, 209: conquest of Bretschneider, E. V. 11–12, 13 the Qara Khitai empire 83–4 Buddhism 82, 164, 172, 173–5, 176, 177–8, 194, Chinggisids 202, 206, 207: imperial ideology of 195: tension with Islam 196 202, 205 Bukhara 9, 15, 16, 42, 44, 49, 53, 54, 55, 61–2, Christianity 82, 173, 176, 178–9, 194, 195 66n, 67n, 71–4, 84, 87, 118, 120, 123, 124, See also Nestorians 127, 136, 150, 154, 169, 171, 180, 181, Chu river 10, 39, 46, 64, 94, 104, 106, 136, 139, 184, 185, 188, 191, 193, 197, 209 154 Burana 107 Chun see Yelu ¨ Chun Burhan¯ family (Burhanids)¯ 44, 72, 118, 124, Confucianism 102, 173 180, 184, 185, 193 conversion: of Inner Asian nomads 198 Buyids¯ 16 See also Islamization Byzantium 16, 97, 207 Crimean Tatars 90 cross-cultural contacts 204 Caliph 16, 53, 62, 65, 66, 69, 86, 87, 88, 100, Crusaders 45, 176 173, 177, 183, 192, 197 See also Franks See also ëAbbasids;¯ al-Nas¯.ir camels 133, 140 Da Jin guo zhi 5 Caspian sea 56, 89 Dany¯ al¯ (Ghurid¯ vassal) 194 census 5, 50, 111, 112, 152 Daoism 179–80 Central Asia 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 27, 33, 34, See also Chang Chun 35, 40, 46, 47, 49, 58, 93, 95, 96, 97, 100, Dargham, wadi 44 101, 108, 126, 128, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, Darugha, Darughachi 112, 119, 121, 203, 205 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 148, Dashi see Yelu ¨ Dashi 150, 154, 155, 158, 159, 160, 164, 165, Dashi (Muslims) 37 169, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 178, Dashi (as Qara Khitai) 57, 64, 215 180, 193, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, Dashi (title) 48, 161 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 216, 217; Delhi 7, 8, 167 Liao relations with 15, 33–5, 96–7, 208 Delhi sultanate 86, 88, 143, 145, 167 Chaghadaids, Chaghadaid Mongols 88, 101, al-Dhahab¯ª144 163, 171, 196 Dilie, Dila (tribe) 25, 28, 29, 113, 147, 148 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521842263 - The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World Michal Biran Index More information 272 Index D’Ohsson, A. C. M. 11 Ghur¯ 8, 43, 65, 68, 72, 165 Don, river 89 Ghurids¯ 51, 56, 62, 63, 65–70, 72, 73, 84, 85, double-six game 24 110, 119, 151, 156, 159, 192, 193, 194, 209 See also Andkhud¯ Eastern Qarakhanids 16, 33, 42, 46, 53, 87, 96, Gobi, desert 25 100, 104, 106, 107, 114, 115, 116, 126, Gog and Magog 98, 172 140, 141, 142, 146, 149, 152 Golden, P. B. 13 See also Qarakhanids Golden Horde 205 Egypt 167, 196 Guangzhou 98 eighteen tribes 28–9, 32, 36, 113, 146 G¨uch¨ul¨ug2, 3, 4, 65, 71, 75–87, 104, 105, 106, elephants 68, 156, 160, 210 109, 112, 142–3, 147, 150, 152, 155, 163, Emil 36, 38, 76, 95, 135, 137, 141, 146, 152, 168, 169, 172, 173, 176, 179, 182, 194, 157, 208 209: as Qara Khitai ruler 80–4, 115; Erbuz 44, 57 religious policy of 172, 176, 194–6 ethnic identity 96, 206: Khitan 47, 89, 94; Qara G¨uresb¨u(Zhilugu’s wife) 163 Khitai after the Mongol conquest 86, 89, Gurganj¯ 67, 68, 77 206 G¨urkhan 1, 2, 3, 10, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, ethnicity 23, 103, 146–7, 148: change of 86, 89, 47, 48, 49, 50–7, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 206; ethnic origin 145, 215 70–4, 75, 76, 77, 78–9, 80, 81, 82, 84–6, Eurasia, Eurasian steppe 14, 86, 89, 168, 202, 95, 101, 104, 105, 107, 110, 111, 112, 115, 204, 206 116, 117, 118, 119–25, 126, 127, 129, 130, 137, 141, 142, 147, 148, 149, 159, 160, 161, Fad.a¯ ìil-i Balkh 104, 184 162, 163, 164, 172, 173, 175, 176, 180, Faghfur¯ 98 183, 184, 190, 191, 193, 194, 208, 209, Fakhr al-D¯ªn Mubarak¯ Shah¯ 100, 179 210: as title 38–9, 47, 94, 108–9, 127, 210 Fakhr al-D¯ªn Raz¯ ¯ª139 See also Xiao Tabuyan; Yel¨uDashi; Yel¨u Fanakit¯ 78, 105, 116 Pusuwan; Yel¨uYilie; Yel¨uZhilugu Fang La 21 G¨uy¨ug196 Farghana¯ 9, 40, 41, 46, 72, 78, 104, 105, 116, 118, 136, 154, 181, 182, 183, 189, 197, H. afiz¯ .-i Abru145¯ 200; Qarakhanid dynasty of 82, 106, 116 H. ajib¯ 111 Far¯ªd al-Katib¯ 45 H. ajjaj¯ Sultan 145 Faris¯ 88, 163, 167 Hala Yihachi Beilu 126 F¯ªruzg¯ uh¯ 73 Hami 46 Franks 182, 189 H. am¯ªd Pur¯ 87, 111 See also Crusaders Han Chinese 14, 27, 96, 146, 164: in Qara fuma (imperial son-in-law) 56, 57, 61, 66, 110, Khitai ranks 96 116, 119, 162 Hanlin academy 20 H. aydar¯ª 164, 175 Gansu 14, 99 Hebei 30 Gantian see Xiao Tabuyan Hedong 38, 52 Gaochang 15, 33, 36, 37, 46, 100, 104, 105, 114, Herat 67, 72, 73 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 126, 127, 138, Hezhou 37 174, 175, 177, 178 See also Gaochang See also Uighurs Hindu¯ Khan (Khwarazmian¯ pretender) 67 Geikhatu, Ilkhan 163 Hong Hao 5–6 Georgia 203 horses 32, 47, 86, 133, 139, 140, 141, 142: Liao al-Gharnat¯.¯ª 9, 125, 187 imperial herds 27, 133; Sacrifice of white Ghazna 43, 56, 70, 98, 100 horse and gray ox 36, 40, 156, 173 Ghaznawids 15, 16, 156, 207 Huihui 64 Ghiyath¯ al-D¯ªn (Ghurid¯ Sultan) 65–7 H¨uleg¨uKhan 190, 191 Ghiyath¯ al-D¯ªn (Khwarazmian¯ prince) 88, 167 Huns 144 Ghiyath¯ al-D¯ªn Mah.mud¯ (Ghurid¯ Sultan) 72, 73 hunting 79, 132, 134, 158, 168–9, 170, 210 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521842263 - The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World Michal Biran Index More information Index 273 H.