HIGH SPEED RAIL ASSESSMENT, PHASE II Norwegian National Rail Administration Technical and Safety Analysis Report JBV 900017 February 2011 HSR Assessment Norway, Phase II Technical and Safety Analysis Page 1 of (270) Preparation- and review documentation: Review documentation: Rev. Prepared by Checked by Approved by Status 1.0 DEF/18.02.2011 RFL, KJ GI Final List of versions: Revision Rev. Description revision Author chapters Nr. Date Version 1 18.02.2011 1.0 Delivery final version DEF, RFL 2 3 4 HSR Assessment Norway, Phase II Technical and Safety Analysis Page 2 of (270) Table of contents List of tables ..................................................................................................................8 List of figures...............................................................................................................11 List of abbreviations ...................................................................................................16 1 Subject – Technical solutions..............................................................................18 1.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................18 1.0.1 Brief description of scenarios....................................................................................19 1.0.2 World high speed rail (HSR) overview......................................................................20 1.0.2.1 Infrastructure............................................................................................................ 20 1.0.2.2 Traffic....................................................................................................................... 22 1.0.2.3 HSR and the Environment ....................................................................................... 23 1.0.2.4 Important HSR countries ......................................................................................... 24 1.1 Standards for high-speed railways ........................................................................32 1.1.1 Summary ..................................................................................................................32 1.1.1.1 Technical Specifications for the Interoperability (TSI) ............................................. 32 1.1.1.2 Norwegian Regulations “Teknisk Regelverk JDxxx“................................................ 36 1.1.1.3 Scenario related summary....................................................................................... 41 1.1.1.4 Previous studies carried out in Norway ................................................................... 42 1.1.2 Differences or Gaps between Norwegian norms and European standards for High Speed Railways .........................................................43 1.1.2.1 Standards for HSR Infrastructure ............................................................................ 43 1.1.2.2 Standards for Technical Equipment......................................................................... 46 1.1.2.3 Standards for Rolling Stock ..................................................................................... 48 1.1.3 Recommendations for Solutions and Strategies to close the identified gaps ...........48 1.1.3.1 Extension of the existing standards according TSI specifications ........................... 48 1.1.3.2 Proposed Solutions for identified gaps .................................................................... 49 1.2 Climatic conditions – meteorological data .............................................................51 1.2.1 Summary ..................................................................................................................51 1.2.2 The climate in Norway ..............................................................................................51 1.2.3 Future climate change ..............................................................................................52 1.2.4 Topographic issues and mass wasting.....................................................................55 1.2.4.1 Mass wasting in Norway .......................................................................................... 55 1.2.4.2 Bedrock.................................................................................................................... 56 1.2.5 Climate change and extreme precipitation ...............................................................56 1.2.6 More about different types of mass wasting .............................................................57 HSR Assessment Norway, Phase II Technical and Safety Analysis Page 3 of (270) 1.2.7 Hazard mapping rockfall ...........................................................................................61 1.2.8 Climatic influence on the construction phase ...........................................................61 1.2.8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 61 1.2.8.2 Important issues due to calendar and winter conditions in mountain areas ............ 62 1.2.8.3 Main disturbances in the construction phase due to climatic conditions.................. 62 1.2.9 Climatic influence on the rolling stock.......................................................................63 1.2.9.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 63 1.2.9.2 Main findings and problem areas............................................................................. 63 1.2.9.3 Matrix of problems and possible measures ............................................................. 64 1.2.10 Climatic influence on the operation of the rail system...............................................66 1.2.10.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 66 1.2.10.2 Main disturbances of the operation of the line .................................................... 66 1.2.10.3 Matrix of problems and possible measures......................................................... 67 1.2.11 Early warning systems – EWS..................................................................................70 1.2.11.1 Early warning systems ........................................................................................ 70 1.2.11.2 List of existing monitoring methods..................................................................... 70 1.3 Technical track solutions.......................................................................................72 1.3.1 Summary ..................................................................................................................72 1.3.2 Description track construction types .........................................................................74 1.3.2.1 Ballast sleeper tracks............................................................................................... 74 1.3.2.2 Slab tracks ............................................................................................................... 78 1.3.2.3 Summary of described track systems...................................................................... 91 1.3.3 Description of parameters influencing the track system ...........................................91 1.3.3.1 Operational parameters ........................................................................................... 92 1.3.3.2 Functional parameters ............................................................................................. 97 1.3.3.3 Geotechnical parameters....................................................................................... 104 1.3.3.4 Environmental parameters..................................................................................... 109 1.3.3.5 Service parameters................................................................................................ 111 1.3.3.6 Cost parameters .................................................................................................... 112 1.3.4 Analysis matrix........................................................................................................116 1.3.4.1 Methodology of the analysis .................................................................................. 116 1.3.4.2 Results of track assessment.................................................................................. 117 1.3.4.3 Explanation of the results ...................................................................................... 118 1.3.4.4 Sensitivity analysis................................................................................................. 119 1.3.5 Recommendations of track system according to scenarios....................................120 1.4 Infrastructure concepts........................................................................................123 1.4.1 Summary ................................................................................................................123 HSR Assessment Norway, Phase II Technical and Safety Analysis Page 4 of (270) 1.4.2 Infrastructure concepts – Alignment parameters ....................................................124 1.4.2.1 Definition of variants .............................................................................................. 124 1.4.2.2 Alignment parameters............................................................................................ 124