© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. Executive© Jones & Bartlett Branch: Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Federal Governmental CHAPTER Agencies and Appointed © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORBodies SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE 3 OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning,he executive LLC branch of the U.S. government© Jones exercises & Bartlett policymaking Learning, pow- LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Ters through elected offi cials, offi cial executive departments, and other executive-level agencies. The most powerful offi ce in the executive branch is the offi ce of the president of the United States. The U.S. Constitution balances the power of the executive branch through the power bases of the legislative and judicial© Jones branches. & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Executive Branch Power Base The executive branch of the government’s powers is vested in the president of © Jonesthe &United Bartlett States. Learning, The president LLC serves as the chief administrative© Jones & or Bartlett executive Learning, LLC NOT FORoffi cer SALE of the OR executive DISTRIBUTION branch. As leader of the executiveNOT branch, FOR theSALE president OR DISTRIBUTION serves as head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. In the United States, the president also serves as leader of all ceremonial functions. The primary responsibilities of the president are the development of policy; implementation and enforcement of policy by Congress; and appointment of © Jones & Bartlett hisLearning, leadership LLC team, the cabinet, and all© heads Jones of federal& Bartlett agencies. Learning, Presidential LLC NOT FOR SALE ORpowers DISTRIBUTION can be executed through severalNOT policy FOR instruments—executive SALE OR DISTRIBUTION order, presidential proclamation, presidential directive, presidential determination, and presidential memorandum. Table 3 - 1 presents the defi nitions of these presidential instruments. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC The PresidentialNOT FOR SALEElection OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The American voters elect the president of the United States. In order to qualify for the presidential offi ce a candidate must be at least 35 years of age, a natural- born citizen of the United States, and resident in the United States for 14 years © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC prior to the election. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Chapter opener image Credit: To Come 49 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 49 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 50 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies ©TABLE Jones 3-1 &PRESIDEN BartlettT Learning,IAL POLICY I NSLLCTRUMENTS (PRESIDENTIAL© JonesPOWERS) & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION POLICY INSTRUMENT DEFINITION Executive order A directive provided to agencies and officers of the executive branch of government to manage operational activities of the respective agencies © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Presidential A general statement made on a matter of public NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION proclamation policy that applies outside the government Presidential A form of executive order that is issued with the directive advice and consent of the National Security Council © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Presidential LLC A statement© orJones document & Bartlett released Learning, by the president’s LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONdetermination White HouseNOT staffFOR that SALE provides OR DISTRIBUTION a determination on a topic or issue that results in an official executive branch policy or position; may be a memorandum required by statute that must be © Jones & Bartlett issuedLearning, before LLC a specific action is taken© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC PresidentialNOT FOR SALE ORA memorandum DISTRIBUTION letter that is issued to manageNOT FOR and SALE OR DISTRIBUTION memorandum govern the activities, direct the practices, or guide (hortatory policies of the departments and agencies within the memorandum) executive branch; less prestigious action than an © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCexecutive order © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Electoral College The president is elected through an electoral college system. The presidential © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC election occurs on the first Tuesday in November of every fourth year. The NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONpopulation of the 50 states apportionsNOT FOR the Electoral SALE OR College. DISTRIBUTION Each state pro- vides an electoral member for each member of their congressional delegation, with the District of Columbia receiving three votes. The electors cast the votes for president on behalf of the American people. The electors meeting occurs on© the Jones first &Monday Bartlett after Learning, the second LLC Wednesday in December ©after Jones the presi& Bartlett- Learning, LLC dentialNOT election.FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION There are currently 538 electors in the Electoral College. A majority of the 270 electoral votes is required to elect the president. The allocation of electoral votes varies by state. Some states have a “winner take all” system that pledges © Jones & Bartlettall electoral Learning, votes to LLCthe presidential candidate© with Jones the majority& Bartlett of popularLearning, LLC NOT FOR SALEvotes. ORElectors DISTRIBUTION are expected to cast their vote inNOT alignment FOR SALE with the OR pledged DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 50 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. The Presidential Election 51 votes. However, electors can vote independently, sometimes with penalties. An elector who© Jones casts an& Bartlettelectoral voteLearning, for someone LLC other than the candidate© Jones of & Bartlett Learning, LLC the partyNOT that FORwas pledged SALE toOR vote DISTRIBUTION for or does not vote for anyone isNOT called FOR a SALE OR DISTRIBUTION faithless elector. After the election, the governor prepares a Certificate of Ascertainment list- ing all the presidential candidates and the electors. This certificate declares the © Joneswinning & Bartlett presidential Learning, candidate LLC in that state. The electoral© Jones votes are & countedBartlett in Learning, LLC NOT FORa joint SALE session OR of DISTRIBUTIONCongress on January 6 of the year followingNOT FOR the presidentialSALE OR DISTRIBUTION election. Box 3-1 presents the presidential election cycle in the United States. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC BOX 3-1 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CYCLE NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Spring of the year prior to election—Candidates announce intention to run for office. • Summer of the year before election to spring of election year— Primary© Jones and caucus & Bartlett debates Learning, occur. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • StateNOT primaries FOR areSALE conducted OR DISTRIBUTION by states, voting occurs through NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION secret ballot. • Caucuses are private meetings run by political parties, speeches are given on the candidates, votes are taken by caucus organizers for each © Jones &candidate Bartlett and Learning, delegates LLC allocated in alignment with© Jones the vote. & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE◆◆ Open OR primaries DISTRIBUTION or caucuses—members can voteNOT for anyFOR political SALE OR DISTRIBUTION party candidate. ◆◆ Closed primaries or caucuses—members must be registered with the political party to vote for one of its candidates. • January to June of election year—Primary elections and caucuses © Jones & Bartlett Learning,hold elections. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR • DISTRIBUTIONJuly to September of election year—PoliticalNOT FOR parties SALE hold OR nominating DISTRIBUTION conventions to select their presidential candidates. • September to October—Presidential candidate debates are held. • Tuesday after the first Monday in November—Presidential election is held.© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • FirstNOT Monday FOR after SALE the secondOR DISTRIBUTION Wednesday in December after the NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION presidential election—Electors cast votes. • January 6 of the year following presidential election—Congress counts electoral votes. © Jones• &January Bartlett 20—Presidential Learning, LLC