Executive Branch Is the Offi Ce of the President of the United States

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION.

executive© Jones & Bartlett branch: Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Federal Governmental CHAPTER agencies and appointed © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORbodies SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE3 OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning,he executive LLC branch of the U.S. government© Jones exercises & Bartlett policymaking Learning, pow- LLC NOT FOR SALE OR T DISTRIBUTIONers through elected offi cials, offiNOT cial FORexecutive SALE departments, OR DISTRIBUTION and other executive-level agencies. The most powerful offi ce in the executive branch is the offi ce of the president of the United States. The U.S. Constitution balances the power of the executive branch through the power bases of the legislative and judicial© Jones branches. & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The executive branch Power base The executive branch of the government’s powers is vested in the president of © Jonesthe &United Bartlett States. Learning, The president LLC serves as the chief administrative© Jones & or Bartlett executive Learning, LLC NOT FORoffi cer SALE of the OR executive DISTRIBUTION branch. As leader of the executiveNOT branch, FOR theSALE president OR DISTRIBUTION serves as head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. In the United States, the president also serves as leader of all ceremonial functions. The primary responsibilities of the president are the development of policy; implementation and enforcement of policy by Congress; and appointment of © Jones & Bartlett hisLearning, leadership LLC team, the cabinet, and all© heads Jones of federal& Bartlett agencies. Learning, Presidential LLC NOT FOR SALE ORpowers DISTRIBUTION can be executed through severalNOT policy FOR instruments—executive SALE OR DISTRIBUTION order, presidential proclamation, presidential directive, presidential determination, and presidential memorandum. Table 3 - 1 presents the defi nitions of these presidential instruments. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC The PresidentialNOT FOR SALEelection OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The American voters elect the president of the United States. In order to qualify for the presidential offi ce a candidate must be at least 35 years of age, a natural- born citizen of the United States, and resident in the United States for 14 years © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC prior to the election. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Chapter opener image Credit: To Come 49

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 49 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 50 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

©Table Jones 3-1 &Presiden Bartlettt Learning,ial Policy I nsLLCtruments (Presidential© JonesPowers) & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Policy Instrument Definition Executive order A directive provided to agencies and officers of the executive branch of government to manage operational activities of the respective agencies © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Presidential A general statement made on a matter of public NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION proclamation policy that applies outside the government Presidential A form of executive order that is issued with the directive advice and consent of the National Security Council © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Presidential LLC A statement© orJones document & Bartlett released Learning, by the president’s LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONdetermination White HouseNOT staffFOR that SALE provides OR DISTRIBUTION a determination on a topic or issue that results in an official executive branch policy or position; may be a memorandum required by statute that must be © Jones & Bartlett issuedLearning, before LLC a specific action is taken© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC PresidentialNOT FOR SALE ORA memorandum DISTRIBUTION letter that is issued to manageNOT FOR and SALE OR DISTRIBUTION memorandum govern the activities, direct the practices, or guide (hortatory policies of the departments and agencies within the memorandum) executive branch; less prestigious action than an © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCexecutive order © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

Electoral College The president is elected through an electoral college system. The presidential © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC election occurs on the first Tuesday in November of every fourth year. The NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONpopulation of the 50 states apportionsNOT FOR the Electoral SALE OR College. DISTRIBUTION Each state provides an electoral member for each member of their congressional delegation, with the District of Columbia receiving three votes. The electors cast the votes for president on behalf of the American people. The electors meeting occurs on© the Jones first &Monday Bartlett after Learning, the second LLC Wednesday in December ©after Jones the presi& Bartlett- Learning, LLC dentialNOT election.FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION There are currently 538 electors in the Electoral College. A majority of the 270 electoral votes is required to elect the president. The allocation of electoral votes varies by state. Some states have a “winner take all” system that pledges © Jones & Bartlettall electoral Learning, votes to LLCthe presidential candidate© with Jones the majority& Bartlett of popularLearning, LLC NOT FOR SALEvotes. ORElectors DISTRIBUTION are expected to cast their vote inNOT alignment FOR SALE with the OR pledged DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 50 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. The Presidential Election 51

votes. However, electors can vote independently, sometimes with penalties. An elector who© Jones casts an& Bartlettelectoral voteLearning, for someone LLC other than the candidate© Jones of & Bartlett Learning, LLC the partyNOT that FORwas pledged SALE toOR vote DISTRIBUTION for or does not vote for anyone isNOT called FOR a SALE OR DISTRIBUTION faithless elector. After the election, the governor prepares a Certificate of Ascertainment list- ing all the presidential candidates and the electors. This certificate declares the © Joneswinning & Bartlett presidential Learning, candidate LLC in that state. The electoral© Jones votes are & countedBartlett in Learning, LLC NOT FORa joint SALE session OR of DISTRIBUTIONCongress on January 6 of the year followingNOT FOR the presidentialSALE OR DISTRIBUTION election. Box 3-1 presents the presidential election cycle in the United States.

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Box 3-1 Presidential Election Cycle NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Spring of the year prior to election—Candidates announce intention to run for office. • Summer of the year before election to spring of election year— Primary© Jones and caucus & Bartlett debates Learning, occur. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • StateNOT primaries FOR areSALE conducted OR DISTRIBUTION by states, voting occurs through NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION secret ballot. • Caucuses are private meetings run by political parties, speeches are given on the candidates, votes are taken by caucus organizers for each © Jones &candidate Bartlett and Learning, delegates LLC allocated in alignment with© Jones the vote. & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE◆◆ Open OR primaries DISTRIBUTION or caucuses—members can voteNOT for anyFOR political SALE OR DISTRIBUTION party candidate. ◆◆ Closed primaries or caucuses—members must be registered with the political party to vote for one of its candidates. • January to June of election year—Primary elections and caucuses © Jones & Bartlett Learning,hold elections. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• July to September of election year—PoliticalNOT FOR parties SALE hold OR nominating DISTRIBUTION conventions to select their presidential candidates. • September to October—Presidential candidate debates are held. • Tuesday after the first Monday in November—Presidential election is held.© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • FirstNOT Monday FOR after SALE the secondOR DISTRIBUTION Wednesday in December after the NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION presidential election—Electors cast votes. • January 6 of the year following presidential election—Congress counts electoral votes. © Jones• &January Bartlett 20—Presidential Learning, LLC inauguration day is held.© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 51 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 52 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

President© Jones of& Bartlettthe United Learning, States LLC(POTUS) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC TheNOT president, FOR SALE as head OR of DISTRIBUTIONstate, commander in chief, ceremonialNOT leader, FOR and SALE OR DISTRIBUTION head of governmental executive agencies leads the entire executive branch of government. The president is considered the most powerful person in the country, primarily because of the breadth of information possessed by the president © Jones & Bartlettdomestically Learning, and internationally. LLC The president is© vested Jones with & Bartlettinformation Learning, that LLC NOT FOR SALEincludes OR but DISTRIBUTION is not limited to confidential, secret,NOT and FOR top-secret SALE intelligence; OR DISTRIBUTION knowledge of foreign officials working for the U.S. intelligence community; control of the “nuclear football”; briefings on spy satellite intelligence and cyber technology intelligence; secret directives provided through special presidential policy instruments; counterterrorism reports; personal and political informa- © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC tion on world leaders; and access to all domestic intelligence from the country’s NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION infrastructure to economics and all the information provided by the president’s cabinet (Graff, 2017). The president appoints cabinet members who are responsible through del- egated authority to manage and lead the operations of their respective executive agencies.© Jones In addition & Bartlett to the Learning, cabinet, the LLC Executive Office of the ©President Jones (EOP) & Bartlett Learning, LLC providesNOT FOR immediate SALE staff OR support DISTRIBUTION to the president. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The president is considered the chief policymaker in the United States and the most influential participant in the policymaking process. In addition to promoting national policy agendas, the president has the power to execute © Jones & Bartlettimmediate Learning, policy in the LLC form of an executive order© Jones or influence & Bartlett policy Learning,through LLC NOT FOR SALEvarious OR presidential DISTRIBUTION policy instruments. Other policyNOT powers FOR of SALE the president OR DISTRIBUTION are: • Signing legislation into law or vetoing bills • Negotiating and signing treaties (requires congressional ratification) • Interpreting and clarifying existing laws for executive officers © Jones & Bartlett Learning,• ExtendingLLC pardons and clemencies© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The president is constitutionally required “from time to time” to provide a State of the Union address to Congress and the American people. The president uses this opportunity to outline the executive branch’s national policy agenda and to inform Congress and the American people of the impact of current national© Jones policies. & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Executive Office of the President The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was developed in 1939 by Presi- © Jones & Bartlettdent Franklin Learning, D. Roosevelt LLC to facilitate the daily ©operations Jones & of Bartlett the White Learning, House LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 52 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. Executive Office of the President 53

and presidential duties. The White House Chief of Staff is an advisor to the president© and Jones manages & Bartlett the entire Learning, EOP. The LLCOffice of the Press Secretary© Jones man- & Bartlett Learning, LLC ages the NOTWhite FOR House SALE Communications OR DISTRIBUTION Office. The press secretary NOTprovides FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION daily briefings to the media on behalf of the president to include policy issues and presidential activities. The National Security Council director advises the president on foreign policy, intelligence, and national security issues. Other © Jonescouncils & Bartlett or offices Learning, in the EOP LLC include: © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Council of Economic Advisers • Council on Environmental Quality • National Security Council and Homeland Security Council • Office of Administration © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • Office of Management and Budget NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Office of National Drug Control Policy • Office of Science and Technology Policy • Office of the United States Trade Representative • Office© Jones of the & ViceBartlett President Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • ExecutiveNOT FOR Residence SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • The White House As an extension to the EOP, several offices and departments within the White House support the operations of the executive branch: © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • Office of Cabinet Affairs NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Office of the Chief of Staff • Office of Communications • Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy • Office of the First Lady © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • Office of the Social Secretary NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Office of Health Reform • National Security Advisor • Office of Legislative Affairs • Office© Jones of Management & Bartlett andLearning, Administration LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • OvalNOT Office FOR OperationsSALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Office of Political Affairs • Office of Presidential Personnel • Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs © Jones &• BartlettOffice of Learning, the Press Secretary LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 53 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 54 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

• Office of Scheduling and Advance © • JonesOffice & ofBartlett the Staff Learning, Secretary LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT• Office FOR SALEof the ORWhite DISTRIBUTION House Counsel NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Office of White House Policy • White House Military Office

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEThe President’s OR DISTRIBUTION Cabinet NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The president’s cabinet serves as an advisory body to the president, and each cabinet member serves as the chief executive of his or her respective © Jones & Bartlett Learning,executive LLC department. There are© Jones15 cabinet & Bartlett members, Learning, generally LLC members NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONof the presidential succession NOTline. TheFOR president’ SALE ORs cabinet DISTRIBUTION members are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The title of “secretary” is provided to each chief executive of a department, except the Justice Department, the head of which is the Attorney General. The 15 executive departments are: © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT• Department FOR SALE of ORAgriculture DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Commerce • Department of Defense • Department of Education © Jones & Bartlett• Department Learning, of LLCEnergy © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE• ORDepartment DISTRIBUTION of Health and Human ServicesNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Homeland Security • Department of Housing and Urban Development • Department of Interior © Jones & Bartlett Learning,• DepartmentLLC of Justice © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• Department of Labor NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of State • Department of Transportation • Department of Treasury ©• JonesDepartment & Bartlett of Veterans Learning, Affairs LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The secretary of each department is directly responsible to the president. Box 3-2 provides a summary of the duties of each department.

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 54 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. The President’s Cabinet 55

Box 3-2© JonesExec utiv& Bartlette Departm Learning,ent Poli LLCcy Responsibilities© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Agriculture (USDA) Oversees farming, agriculture, and food production Supports needs of farmers and ranchers © Jones & BartlettPromotes Learning, agricultural LLCtrade and production © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEEnsures OR food DISTRIBUTION safety NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Protects natural resources and fosters rural communities Focuses on hunger in America • Department of Commerce © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Promotes LLC economic development © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONPromotes technological innovationNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Supports business community Issues patents and trademarks Focuses on improving environment and oceanic life Formulates© Jones telecommunications& Bartlett Learning, and technology LLC policy © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC PromotesNOT FOR U.S. SALE exports OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Enforces trade agreements • Department of Defense Deters war © Jones & BartlettProtects nationalLearning, security LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEProvides OR military DISTRIBUTION forces NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Education Promotes academic achievement and preparation of students Fosters educational excellence © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Ensures LLC equal access to educational© Jonesopportunities & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONAdministers federal financial aidNOT programs FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Energy (DOE) Promotes energy security Supports development of reliable, clean, and affordable energy Ensures© Jones nuclear & Bartlett security Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC ProtectsNOT FOR the environment SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Protects the health of all Americans Provides essential human services © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones &(continues) Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 55 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 56 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

©Box Jones 3-2 &Ex Bartlettecutive Learning, Departm eLLCnt Policy © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOTResp FORonsi bSALEilitie sOR (continue DISTRIBUTIONd) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Prevents disease outbreaks Assures food and drug safety Provides health insurance, administers Medicare and Medicaid © Jones & BartlettManages Learning, National LLC Institutes of Health, Food© Jonesand Drug & Administra-Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE ORtion, DISTRIBUTION and Centers for Disease Control andNOT Prevention FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Homeland Security Prevents and disrupts terrorist attacks Protects American people, infrastructure, and key resources © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCResponds at the time of a national© Jones incident & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONPatrols borders, protects travelersNOT FOR and transportationSALE OR DISTRIBUTION infrastructure Enforces immigration laws Promotes emergency preparedness • Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) © JonesDevelops & Bartlett national Learning,housing policy LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOTImproves FOR SALE and develops OR DISTRIBUTION American communities NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Promotes home ownership and rent subsidy Enforces fair housing laws Provides mortgage and loan insurance © Jones & BartlettAdministers Learning, public LLC housing and homeless assistance© Jones programs & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE• Department OR DISTRIBUTION of Interior NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Protects natural resources Promotes recreational opportunities Protects fish and wildlife © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCHonors responsibilities to ©native Jones populations & Bartlett and culturesLearning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONManages dams and reservoirsNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Protects national parks and protected species • Department of Justice Enforces laws © JonesEnsures & publicBartlett safety Learning, against foreign LLC and domestic threats © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOTProvides FOR SALE leadership OR inDISTRIBUTION preventing and controlling crime NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Ensures fair and impartial justice for all Americans • Department of Labor Ensures strong American workforce © Jones & BartlettPromotes Learning, job training LLC programs © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 56 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. Executive Branch Independent Agencies 57

Box 3-2© Jones Exec utiv& Bartlette Dep artmLearning,ent Poli LLCcy © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC ResponsiNOTb FORiliti eSALEs (continue OR DISTRIBUTIONd) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Promotes safe working conditions Sets minimum hourly wage and overtime pay Ensures fair and equal employment opportunities © Jones & BartlettProtects retirementLearning, and LLC healthcare benefits © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR• Department SALE OR ofDISTRIBUTION State NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Develops and implements president’s foreign policy Counters international crime Provides assistance to U.S. citizens and foreign nationals living or travel- © Jones & Bartlett Learning,ing LLCabroad © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONPromotes and maintains diplomaticNOT relationships FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Department of Transportation Ensures safe and efficient transportation systems • Department of Treasury Promotes© Jones economic & Bartlett prosperity Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC AdvisesNOT FORand enforces SALE securityOR DISTRIBUTION of United States and international finan-NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION cial systems Produces nation’s coins and currency Collaborates to promote global economic growth © Jones & BartlettPredicts andLearning, prevents LLCfinancial crisis © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR• DepartmentSALE OR DISTRIBUTIONof Veterans Affairs NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Administers veterans’ benefit programs Operates veterans’ medical care system Provides burial assistance © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Administers LLC programs for veterans© suchJones as disability & Bartlett compensation, Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONhome loans, life insurance, rehabilitationNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

Executive© Jones Branch & BartlettIndependent Learning, Agencies LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC In additionNOT to theFOR departments SALE OR in DISTRIBUTIONthe executive branch that have representationNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION in the president’s cabinet, several independent agencies are critical to the function of the executive branch of government. These administrative agencies are divisions of the government that enforce and administer policies in the form of © Joneslaws & and Bartlett regulations. Learning, These LLCindependent agencies and© their Jones primary & Bartlett functions Learning, LLC NOT FORare outlined SALE ORin Box DISTRIBUTION 3-3. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 57 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 58 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

©Box Jones 3-3 & ind Bartlettepend Learning,ent Agenc LLCies Functions © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT• Central FOR Intelligence SALE OR Agency DISTRIBUTION (CIA) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Conducts counterintelligence Conducts foreign intelligence Maintains national security © Jones & Bartlett• U.S. CommissionLearning, LLC on Civil Rights © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE ORInvestigates DISTRIBUTION complaints of discrimination NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Consumer Product Safety Commission Reduces risk of injuries and death from consumer products Formulates and enforces product safety standards © Jones & Bartlett Learning,• Corporation LLC for National and© JonesCommunity & Bartlett Service Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONSupports the American cultureNOT of FOR citizenship, SALE service, OR DISTRIBUTION and responsibility • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protects human health and natural environment (air, water, and land) • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Promotes equal opportunity in employment NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Enforces federal civil rights laws • Farm Credit Administration (FCA) Responsible for examining and regulating the Farm Credit System • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Regulates interstate and international communications by radio, NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION television, wire, satellite, and cable • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insures bank deposits • Federal Election Commission (FEC) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCEnforces Federal Election Campaign© Jones Act& Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• Federal Maritime CommissionNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Responsible for the regulation of ocean-borne transportation in foreign commerce • Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) © JonesPreserves & Bartlett and promotes Learning, labor management LLC peace and cooperation© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • NOTFederal FOR Reserve SALE System OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Ensures stable financial system Regulates credit conditions and loan rates Regulates banks © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 58 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. Executive Branch Independent Agencies 59

Box 3-3© Jones indepe & Bartlettndent A Learning,gencies Fun LLCctions (continued) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • FederalNOT Trade FOR Commission SALE OR (FTC)DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Enforces federal antitrust and consumer protection laws Ensures capital system of healthy competition, free of unfair restric- tions; and fair consumer policies © Jones• &General Bartlett Services Learning, Administration LLC (GSA) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEProvides OR government DISTRIBUTION workplaces by constructing,NOT managing, FOR andSALE pre- OR DISTRIBUTION serving government buildings and by leasing and managing commer- cial real estate Offers private sector professional services, equipment, supplies, tele- © Jones & Bartlett Learning,communications, LLC and information© Jones technology & Bartlett to government Learning, orga- LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONnizations and the military NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • International Trade Commission Holds investigative responsibilities on matters of trade Investigates the effects of dumped and subsidized imports on domestic ©industries Jones &and Bartlett conducts Learning, global safeguard LLC investigations © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC AdjudicatesNOT FOR cases SALE involving OR DISTRIBUTION imports that allegedly infringe on intellec-NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION tual property rights • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Develops space exploration programs, artificial satellites, and rocketry © Jones• &National Bartlett Archives Learning, and RecordsLLC Administration (NARA)© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEMaintains OR DISTRIBUTIONNational Archives NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) Supports arts community Funds museums, artists, and arts-related programs © Jones & Bartlett Learning,• National LLC Endowment for the Humanities© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONSupports research, education, preservation,NOT FOR and SALE public OR programs DISTRIBUTION in the humanities • Director of National Intelligence Integrates foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the ©homeland Jones & and Bartlett of U.S. interestsLearning, abroad LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • NationalNOT LaborFOR SALERelations OR Board DISTRIBUTION (NLRB) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Monitors relations between unions and employers in the private sector Investigates unfair labor practices by unions and employers © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones &(continues) Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 59 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 60 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

©Box Jones 3-3 & ind Bartlettepend Learning,ent Agenc LLCies Functions (continue© dJones) & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT• National FOR SALEMediation OR Board DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Facilitates labor-management relations within railroads and airlines systems Endeavors to minimize work stoppages in the airline and railroad industry • National Science Foundation (NSF) © Jones & BartlettPromotes Learning, science LLC and engineering research© and Jones educational & Bartlett programs Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE• National OR DISTRIBUTION Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Investigates civil aviation, railroad, highway, and marine accidents Develops transportation standards • Nuclear Regulatory Commission © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCLicenses and regulates nonmilitary© Jones use & of Bartlett nuclear energyLearning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• Office of Personal ManagementNOT (OPM)FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Recruits and retains government workforce • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Administers federal securities laws © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Protects investors in securities markets NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Selective Service System (SSS) Provides human resources to the armed forces • Small Business Administration (SBA) Provides financial and technical assistance to promote business © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC development NOT FOR SALE• United OR DISTRIBUTION States Postal Service NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Provides reliable, affordable, and universal mail service

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONOrder of Presidential SuccessionNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 outlines the order of succession to the presidency if the president should become incapacitated. This ensures continual functioning of the executive branch of government and protects the security of © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC the American people and the country’s infrastructure. The order of presidential NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION succession is: • Vice President • Speaker of the House © Jones & Bartlett• Senate Learning, President LLC pro tempore © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE• ORSecretary DISTRIBUTION of State NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 60 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. Czar 61

• Secretary of Treasury • Secretary© Jones of &Defense Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • AttorneyNOT FOR General SALE (Department OR DISTRIBUTION of Justice Secretary) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Secretary of Interior • Secretary of Agriculture • Secretary of Commerce © Jones &• BartlettSecretary Learning,of Labor LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR• SALESecretary OR of DISTRIBUTION Health and Human Services NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of Energy © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • Secretary of Education NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Secretary of Veterans Affairs • Secretary of Homeland Security

The Vice© JonesPresident & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC The electionNOT ofFOR the SALEvice president OR DISTRIBUTION occurs along with that of the presidentNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION by the Electoral College. The vice president is considered the second in command. The vice president assumes the duties and responsibilities of the president if the president is unable to perform them. This assumption of authority © Jonesmight & Bartlettbe permanent Learning, or temporary, LLC and may be the result© Jonesof death, & resignation, Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORor temporary SALE OR incapacitation DISTRIBUTION of the president, or a voteNOT of concern FOR SALE by the ORvice DISTRIBUTION president and the majority of the president’s cabinet regarding the president’s ability to function. In accordance with the U.S. Constitution, the vice president received the formal Electoral College tally votes for president and vice president © Jones & Bartlett fromLearning, the states. LLC The vice president is required© Jones to & open Bartlett the Electoral Learning, College LLC voting certificates from the states in the presence of the Senate and House of NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Representatives. The vice president serves as the president of the Senate. In the role of Senate president, the vice president has no vote but can cast the deciding vote on the occasion of a tie vote. The daily oversight of the Senate is normally undertaken by the majority party leader. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Czar The president of the United States has the authority to appoint officials who are responsible for specialized areas of policymaking. These individuals generally have © Jonesa title & Bartlettassociated Learning, with that specialized LLC area. In the United© States,Jones the & term Bartlett “czar” Learning, LLC NOT FORhas been SALE used OR to refer DISTRIBUTION to these individuals. Czar is an informalNOT title.FOR At SALE the time OR of DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 61 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 62 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

appointment, the president determines the scope of authority and administrative responsibilities© Jones & Bartlettfor the prospective Learning, czar. LLC This appointment process© isJones conducted & Bartlett Learning, LLC asNOT a measure FOR to SALE ensure OR efficient DISTRIBUTION policymaking in areas of great concernNOT FOR or crisis. SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

Office of the First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) © Jones & BartlettThe spouse Learning, of the president LLC administers the Office© ofJones the First & BartlettLady of the Learning, United LLC NOT FOR SALEStates. TheOR roleDISTRIBUTION and responsibilities of this office haveNOT evolved FOR over SALE time ORand DISTRIBUTIONchange with each First Lady. The First Lady has her own personal staff to implement the activities of the Office of the First Lady. The typical functions of the First Lady and her staff are to serve as hostess for the White House, manage all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and represent her office regarding © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC official state business. The staff of the Office of the First Lady includes but is not NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION limited to a social secretary, chief of staff, press secretary, chief floral designer, executive chef, and other White House staff. The First Lady usually selects an area of interest in which to become involved on behalf of the American people. She might serve as a spokesperson, use her position to implement policymaking, and© mayJones engage & Bartlett in political Learning, activities LLCthat impact the policy agenda© Jones within &this Bartlett Learning, LLC areaNOT of interest. FOR SALE The level OR of DISTRIBUTION attention provided to these issues canNOT impact FOR public SALE OR DISTRIBUTION awareness, shape a policy agenda, and lead to formulation and adoption of policy. The First Lady of the United States is considered by many as one of the most powerful positions. As First Lady, she has continual access to the president © Jones & Bartlettand, by nature Learning, of her LLCrelationship with the president,© Jones has &his Bartlett confidence. Learning, She LLC NOT FOR SALEis exposed OR DISTRIBUTIONto a plethora of political and policyNOT information FOR SALE with ORthe abilityDISTRIBUTION to provide advice and counsel in confidence to the president. The First Lady has more direct public exposure by nature of her position and fewer security measures. In this position, she is able to interact and provide grassroots information to the president on the public’s opinion and temperament. FLOTUS is © Jones & Bartlett Learning,the “hidden LLC power” of the executive© Jones branch. & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION White House Fellows and Interns The White House Fellows program provides young Americans with an opportunity© Jones to engage & Bartlett in policymaking Learning, activities LLC in the executive office.© Jones The &White Bartlett Learning, LLC HouseNOT FellowsFOR SALE enjoy OR a full-time DISTRIBUTION paid position working withNOT White FOR House SALE OR DISTRIBUTION staff, cabinet secretaries, and other executive officers. During their tenure, they engage in roundtable discussions and study domestic and international policy. Their responsibilities might include chairing interagency meetings, design and © Jones & Bartlettimplementation Learning, of federal LLC policies, drafting speeches© Jones for their & Bartlett executive Learning, officer LLC NOT FOR SALEsuch as OR a cabinet DISTRIBUTION secretary, and agency representationNOT FOR on Capitol SALE Hill. OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 62 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. Executive Offices: State and Local Governmental Level 63

In contrast, the White House intern is an unpaid position. A White House intern acquires© Jones leadership & Bartlett skills Learning, and professional LLC experience in preparation© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC for a futureNOT in FOR public SALE service. OR The DISTRIBUTION intern performs duties as assignedNOT with FOR a SALE OR DISTRIBUTION focus on increasing knowledge regarding the functions and policymaking of the executive branch.

© JonesExecutive & Bartlett Offices: Learning, State LLC and Local Governmental© Jones Level & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION A governor and mayor hold the chief executive offices at the state and local government level, respectively. In addition, some cities are further divided into municipalities or counties that have a similar elected official of the executive branch of government, for example, a county president. The managerial opera- © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC tional activities of elected officials at the state, city, or local level is analogous NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION to those of the federal executive office. As a representative of the executive branch of government, these officials are responsible for administering laws, enforcing state constitutions or city charters, and serving as chief executive officer.Boxes 3-4 and 3-5 outline some responsibilities and duties of these elected chief executive© Jones offices & Bartlett at the state Learning, and local LLC level. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

Box 3-4 gubernatorial Responsibilities • Signs bills into state statutes; may use line item veto if permitted by © Jones &state Bartlett constitution Learning, and law LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR• ExecutesSALE OR executive DISTRIBUTION orders NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Administers legislative recommendations • Monitors activities of executive departments of the state government • Provides legislature with general and fiscal information regarding the © Jones & Bartlett Learning,current “stateLLC of the state” © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• Creates and submits an operating NOTbudget FOR for state SALE legislature OR DISTRIBUTION approval • Collaborates with state board of pardons, serves as the last court of resort • Appoints and removes executive officials, members of boards and commissions© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC ◆◆ GenerallyNOT FOR requires SALE state OR senate DISTRIBUTION confirmation NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Serves as commander in chief of state’s military • Convenes special legislative sessions • Declares special elections © Jones• &Serves Bartlett as official Learning, spokesperson LLC for state © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 63 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. 64 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies

©Box Jones 3-5 & m ayoralBartlett ReLearning,sponsib LLCilities © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Submits city budget to city council for approval • Appoints executives of city offices • Appoints advisory committees and commissions © Jones & Bartlett• Serves Learning, as official LLCspokesperson for city © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE• Signs OR cityDISTRIBUTION ordinances into laws or executes NOTveto power FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Enacts ordinances, resolutions, and other legislative orders from city council • Executes executive orders © Jones & Bartlett Learning,• Recruits LLC city business © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• Executes official city contractsNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • Manages city utility services • Promotes city living ◆◆ Promotes arts, cultural affairs, parks and recreation, tourism © Jonesindustry & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT• Engages FOR in SALE community OR DISTRIBUTION activities NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • May preside over city council meetings • May deliver tie-breaking vote on city council • May call city council into special meetings © Jones & Bartlett• Manages Learning, health andLLC safety services in city © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE ◆◆ ORFire DISTRIBUTION department NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION ◆◆ Police department ◆◆ Health department

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Local government structures follow a similar democratic process for policy formulation as that for federal and state legislatures. At the local level, a city council proposes new laws as resolutions or referrals, ordinances, or bills. These policy instruments are heard before the city council or local governing body to be© considered Jones & and Bartlett voted Learning,into law. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Summary Points • The executive branch of government exercises policymaking powers © Jones & Bartlettthrough Learning, elected LLC officials, official executive© Jones departments, & Bartlett and other Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE ORexecutive-level DISTRIBUTION agencies. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 64 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION. References 65

• President of the United States is the most powerful position in the executive© Jones branch. & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC • TheNOT president FOR SALEserves asOR the DISTRIBUTION chief administrative or executive officerNOT FORof SALE OR DISTRIBUTION the executive branch. • The president, as head of state, commander in chief, ceremonial leader, and head of governmental executive agencies, leads the entire © Jones & Bartlettexecutive Learning,branch of government. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR• SALEElectoral OR College DISTRIBUTION process elects the U.S. president,NOT not FOR popular SALE vote. OR DISTRIBUTION • The president appoints cabinet members. • The president is considered the chief policymaker in the United States and the most influential participant in the policymaking process. © Jones & Bartlett Learning,• The vice LLC president is considered ©the Jones second & in Bartlett command. Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION• The vice president presides over NOTthe Senate. FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • The president’s cabinet serves as an advisory body to the president and each cabinet member serves as the chief executive of his or her respective executive department. • The© orderJones of & presidential Bartlett Learning, succession isLLC established by the Presidential© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC SuccessionNOT FOR Act. SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION • The president of the United States has the authority to appoint officials who are responsible for a specialized area of policymaking, sometimes known as a czars. © Jones &• BartlettThe typical Learning, functions LLCof the First Lady and her ©staff Jones are to & serve Bartlett as Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEhostess OR of theDISTRIBUTION White House, manage all social andNOT ceremonial FOR SALE events OR DISTRIBUTION of the White House, and represent her office regarding official state business. • White House Fellows and interns engage in activities of the executive branch of government and may participate in various aspects of © Jones & Bartlett Learning,policymaking. LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION References Auerbach, J., & Peterson, M. (2005). The executive branch. Oxford University Press. Graff, G. (2017, January/February). The government secrets Trump is about to discover. Politico Magazine, 22–26. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Hi man, B. (2011).NOT TheFOR executive SALE branch OR. Mitchell DISTRIBUTION Lane Publishers. Newark, Delaware. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Shambaugh, G., & Weinstein, P. (2016). The art of policymaking: Tools, technologies and processes in the modern executive branch. CQ Press – Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.

© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284130386_CH03.indd 65 04/11/17 11:36 am © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION© Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend LearningNOT Company. FOR SALENOT FOR SALEOR ORDISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION.