2013 ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF MICROTECHNOLOGY & NANOSCIENCE - MC2 Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience 2014 Editor: CHRISTINA CAESAR Design & Production: CHRISTINA CAESAR Photo: JAN-OLOF YXELL Print: TRYCKSERVICE I ÄNGELHOLM AB Paper: Galerie Art Silk 300g (cover), Galerie Art Silk 150g (inlay) Copies: 1000 ex ISSN 1652-0769 Technical Report MC2 – 272 Contact DAG WINKLER HEAD OF DEPARTMENT [email protected] CHRISTINA CAESAR COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER [email protected] Head of department dialogue Annual Report 2013 Head of department dialogue For many people at the department it has been an intense year. During 2013, the department awarded 15 licentiate and 12 PhD degrees, 267 papers and reports were written, 152 of which can be found in web of science. This includes 3 Nature Journals and 9 Physical Review Letters, 13 Applied Physics Letters and strong publications record in IEEE Journals. About 25 industry contracts were signed (8 of which where NDA:s), and 2 industrial events were arranged, including a very successful alumni meeting. Two Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Projects and one KAW Academic Fellowship were granted to Peter Andrekson, Herbert Zirath and Janine Splettstöβer, respectively. A warm welcome to Janine who started at MC2 in December. A large number of EU contract were also granted in the environment around Johan Liu and Peter Enoksson. Especially gratifying was the visit by the Royal Engineering Academy with many celebrities and among them the King of Sweden. Concurrently with this visit the Graphene Flagship was inaugurated and an exhibition was held demonstrating several impressive graphene applications already in the pipeline. At this point, I would also like to thank Mikael Fogelström for his services, wits and engagement as Deputy Head of Department since 2007 and at the same time welcome his successor, Magnus Karlsson, who started November 1. In conclusion, 2013 was a good year. DAG WINKLER HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Annual Report 2013 ABOUT MC2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 1 Head of department dialogue 31 Industrial collaboration 3 This is MC2 OUR CENTRES 4 Research at MC2 32 Linneqs Centre 5 A beginner´s guide to Micro- and Nanotechnology 33 FORCE Centre 6 Organisation 34 GigaHertz Centre THE YEAR 2013 EDUCATION 2 / 8 News 2013 36 Education 10 A year of graphene 40 Theses 12 Activities 14 Awards SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 41 Bibliometric data RESEARCH LABORATORIES 16 Applied Quantum Physics Laboratory FINANCIAL REVIEW 18 BioNano Systems Laboratory 42 Economic report 20 Microwave Electronics Laboratory 22 Nanofabrication Laboratory PERSONNEL 24 Photonics Laboratory 43 Distribution of personnel at MC2 26 Terahertz and Millimetre Wave Laboratory 45 Personnel 28 Quantum Device Physics Laboratory PUBLICATIONS 46 Publications This is MC2 Annual Report 2013 The Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2 Graphene produced in the Nanofabrication Laboratory at MC2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 31 Industrial collaboration OUR CENTRES 32 Linneqs Centre 33 FORCE Centre 34 GigaHertz Centre EDUCATION 3 / 36 Education 2013 40 Theses The Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2 is a unique research department in the areas of micro and SCIENTIFIC REVIEW nanotechnology. Efforts to make MC2 an innovative, research-focused environment are paying off. Successes in research 41 Bibliometric data and meeting industrial needs have increased. Today, MC2 is a strong contributor to industrial growth and technical and social development. FINANCIAL REVIEW The Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2 has gathered several research areas together with competent and talented researchers to form a unique environment. This cross-disciplinary strategy provides for interesting 42 Economic report collaborations and serves as a driving force for innovations and breakthroughs. MC2 has strong research activities and is successful with regard to attracting research funding. We focus our research on PERSONNEL the areas of on future nano and quantum electronics, photonics, microwave electronics and bio- and nanosystems. MC2 houses a cleanroom for micro and nanofabrication with the latest equipment. Our work is often done in close collaboration 43 Distribution of personnel at MC2 with Swedish and international partners within academy, industry and society. 45 Personnel With a unique research competence we offer education at undergraduate level, postgraduate level and within three international master’s programmes. The greatest extent of our educational instruction takes place as an integral part of PUBLICATIONS masters and research school level programmes. 46 Publications Research at MC2 Annual Report 2013 Nano-scale Fabrication & electronics Characterisation The research in the BioNano Systems Laboratory is focused on carbon-based microsystem and nanosystem device fabrication and characterisation, interconnect and packaging for electronics, microsystem and biomedical applications. We also pursue biology-relevant physics theory modelling and fundamental and applied materials physics. The materials research includes developing a parameter-free and computationally efficient theoretical characterisation of sparse matter challenges like, e.g., the carbon-based systems, and experiment-theory collaborations to study functional organics. The research in the Applied Quantum Physics Laboratory falls into three major categories: Future communication quantum information processing with superconducting circuits, transport phenomena & in graphene and molecular nanostructures, and remote sensing unconventional and topological superconductors. Our goals are the application of novel low systems dimensional materials, novel superconductors and their heterostructures, superconducting spintronics and quantum information processing Wireless communication and remote sensing play an with superconducting electronics. important role in modern society and almost everyone uses such systems daily. Typical examples are mobile phones, wireless internet connectivity, radio and TV broadcasting, and wireless networks at home or in public areas. Thanks to the rapid development in 4 / Bridging the THz gap semiconductor technology, such microwave systems 2013 can be produced in large quantity at a low cost per unit, making it affordable for most people all over Sandwiched between the world. The Microwave Electronics Laboratory focuses on application-driven research on high the visible light on the speed electronic components, circuits and systems short wavelength side for future communication and remote sensing applications from 1 GHz to 1 THz. and radio waves on the long wavelength extreme Small electronic The terahertz or sub-millimetre wave radiation devices has long been considered the last remaining Nanotechnology scientific gap in the electromagnetic spectrum. Modern society benefits from a high density of Consequently, this is a part of the electromagnetic The Nanofabrication Laboratory is a world- information that is carried and processed by spectrum (0.1-10 THz) where optical and class university clean room for research into electronic machines. The high density requires small microwave techniques meet. The Terahertz and and fabrication of micro and nanotechnology. parts. However, as electronic components become Millimetre Wave Laboratory fabricates novel The laboratory is run by the Department of smaller and smaller, the technology approaches devices and evaluates these in various circuit Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2 a limit where the classical electrodynamics is no demonstrators in our top-class microwave and at Chalmers, but is an open user facility for longer valid. Quantum mechanical effects, such as terahertz characterisation facilities. external as well as internal academic and electron tunnelling, start dominating the properties Our research finds applications in radio astronomy, industrial interests. The Nanofabrication of small electronic devices. atmospheric science, life science, radar sensors, Laboratory offers a broad platform of process The Quantum Device Physics Laboratory THz-imaging systems and future wireless tools for the development and testing of new investigates the possibility of using these quantum communication systems. ideas in micro and nanotechnology. mechanical effects when making practical devices. The Photonics Laboratory conducts application-oriented research in optoelectronics and fibre optics, as well as more fundamental research on new photonic materials and nanophotonic device elements. Optical communication is a major area of research, with efforts in system and device technologies for applications Optoelectronics extending from long-haul transmission to short reach interconnects. & Efforts are also invested in the development of new photonic materials and device technologies for emission and detection at Fibre optics wavelengths spanning from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. The materials oriented research involves the growth of nitrides, oxides, graphene, and bismuth-telluride. A beginner´s guide to Micro and Nanotechnology Microtechnology is technology with features near one micrometre (one millionth of a metre, or 10−6 metres). The micro prefix comes from the Greek μικρός (mikrós), meaning “small”. Microtechnology takes massive amounts of information and condenses it in a very small area, such as a silicon wafer or the microchip used in computers and mobile phones, thereby constructing very compact technical devices. Nanotechnology — technology at one-billionth of a metre (10-9 metres) — is