Immroth's Guide to the Library of Congress Classification I ~·J illllllllllll By - Lois Mai Chan This document is copyrighted material. Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS) is providing this excerpt in an attempt to identify and post all documents from the Susitna Hydroelectric Project. This book is identified as APA no. 24 in the Susitna Hydroelectric Project Document Index (1988), compiled by the Alaska Power Authority. It is unable to be posted online in its entirety. Selected pages are displayed here to identify the published work. The book is available at call number Z696.U415 1980 in the UAA/APU Consortium General collection. Immroth's Guide to the Library of Congress Classification Third Edition By Lois Mai Chan Libraries Unlimited, Inc. • Littleton, CO • 1980 Based upon Immroth's Guide to Library of Congress Classification, 1st and 2d Editions, © Barbara F. Immroth 1968, 1971 All Rights Reserved ©Libraries Unlimited, Inc. 1980 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, ·recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. LIBRARIES UNLIMITED, INC. P.O. Box 263 Littleton, Colorado 80160 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Immroth, John Phillip. Immroth's Guide to the Library of Congress classifi­ cation. (Library science text series) Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Classification, Library of Congress. I. Chan, Lois Mai. II. Title. III. Title: Guide to the Library of Congress classification. Z696.U4I5 1980 025.4'33 80-16981 ISBN 0-87287-224-6 ISBN 0-87287-235-1 (pbk.) Libraries Unlimited, Inc. books are bound with Type II nonwoven material that meets and exceeds National Association of State Textbook Administrators' Type II nonwoven material specifications Class A through E. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .................................................................. 5 1-INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 15 A BRIEF HISTORY OF EARLIER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS USED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ....................... 15 Earliest Systems ...................................................... 15 Jefferson's System .................................................... 17 THE NEW LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION ................... 19 The Outlines of the New Classification .................................. 21 The Development oflndividual Schedules ................................ 24 THE PURPOSE OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION ...................................................... 28 SUMMARY.-........................... , ................................ 30 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................ : ............................... 30 History of the Library of Congress Classification .......................... 30 Supplemental Readings on Early Available Schemes ....................... 32 A Selected List of Additional Early Classification Schemes ................. 35 NOTES ................................................................. 36 2-PRINCIPLES, STRUCTURE, AND FORMAT ............................... 38 CLASSIFICATION ...................................................... 38 NOTATION ............................................................ 40 ENUMERATIVE DISPLAY .............................................. 40 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMON FEATURES .............. 41 Physical Format. ..................................................... 41 The Individual Schedules, 41; Format of Each Schedule, 42 Divisions ............................................................ 47 General Form Divisions, 47; Theory, Philosophy, 48; History, 49; Treatises, General Works, 50; Law, Regulation, State Relations, 52; Study and Teaching, 53; Subjects and Subdivisions of Subjects, 53; Geographic Division, 54; Subject Division under Country, 55 Notes in Classification Schedules ....................................... 57 Scope Notes, 57; Explanatory See Notes, 57; Confer Notes, 57; See Notes, 58; Including Notes, 58; Divide Like Notes, 58 Parenthesized Numbers ............................................... 59 Alternative Class Numbers ............................................. 59 SUPPLEMENTARY AIDS TO THE USE OF LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION .......................................... 60 An Index to L. C. Classification ......................................... 60 A Manual to L.C. Classification ........................................ 61 ABRIDGMENTS OF L.C. CLASSIFICATION .............................. 61 USE OF L.C. CATALOGING RECORDS ................................... 61 9 10 I Table of Contents REVISIONS AND EXPANSIONS ......................................... 62 Publication of Schedules .............................................. 62 Procedure for Revision and Expansion .................................. 63 Methods for Expansion ............................................... 63 Updating Schedules ................................................... 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................ 70 General Articles and Works on L.C. Classification ........................ 70 General Special Articles on L. C. Classification ............................ 76 Indexes ............................................................. 78 Abridgments and Adaptations .......................................... 79 LC Cataloging Records ............................................... 79 NOTES ................................................................. 80 3-NOTATION ............................................................. 81 FORM OF THE NOTATION .............................................. 81 CUTTER TABLES ....................................................... 83 DOUBLE CUTTER NUMBERS ........................................... 85 Topical Cutter Numbers ............................................... 87 Cutter Numbers as Geographic Subdivisions ............................. 88 "A" AND "Z" CUTTER NUMBERS ........................................ 88 SUCCESSIVE CUTTER NUMBERS ....................................... 89 DATE IN L.C. CALL NUMBERS .......................................... 91 Date as Edition Mark ................................................. 91 Date as Part of Class Number .......................................... 91 DISTINGUISHING WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR ...................... 93 DISTINGUISHING EDITIONS OF A WORK ............................... 94 TRANSLATIONS ...................................................... 100 OTHER VARIATIONS IN THE NOTATION .............................. 101 DISPLAY OF THE NOTATION .......................................... 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... 105 NOTES ................................................................ 106 4-TABLES ................................................................ 107 FORM TABLES ........................................................ 108 GEOGRAPHIC TABLES ................................................ 109 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES ........................................... 111 SUBJECT SUBDIVISION TABLES ....................................... 112 COMBINATION TABLES ............................................... 113 Internal Tables ...................................................... 116 Three-Number Countries, 117; Two-Number Countries, 118; One-Number Countries, 119; Cutter-Number Countries, 120 Auxiliary Tables .................................................... 120 Ten-Number Countries, 120; Two-Number Countries, 122; One-Number or Cutter-Number Countries, 122 AUTHOR TABLES ..................................................... 123 Authors with Forty-Nine Numbers ..................................... 123 Authors with Nine or Nineteen Numbers ................................ 129 Authors with One Number or a Cutter Number .......................... 132 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... 134 5-INDIVIDUAL CLASSES ................................................. 135 INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 135 CLASS A-GENERAL WORKS ............ , ............................. 136 Tables Used with AM101 ............................................. 137 Academies and Learned Societies ...................................... 140 Tables in Subclass AZ ................................................ 141 Table of Contents I 11 CLASS B-PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY. RELIGION ................... 143 B-BJ Philosophy .... : ............................................... 145 BL-BX Religion ..................................................... 151 CLASS C-AUXILIARY SCIENCES OF HISTORY ........................ 154 CLASS D-HISTORY: GENERAL AND OLD WORLD ..................... 159 CLAS E-F-HISTORY: AMERICA ....................................... 167 GLASS G-GEOGRAPHY. ANTHROPOLOGY. RECREATION ............ 171 Tables for Maps and Atlases .......................................... 172 Major Areas, 173; Sub-areas, 173; Subject Letter-Numbers, 174 Examples of the Use of Tables III and IV ............................... 175 General Maps and Atlases, 175; Subject Maps and Atlases, 177 Other Auxiliary Tables in Class G ...................................... 179 CLASS H-SOCIAL SCIENCES ......................................... 180 Complex Tables of Geographical Divisions .............................. 182 Twenty-Number Countries, 183; Ten-Number Countries,