PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SANSKRIT CONFERENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI INDIA March 26th-31st 1972 Vigyan B hawan, New Delhi. GENERAL EDITOR Dr. R.K. Sharma, M.A. Ph.D. (Calif.) Director Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan Vol. ill - Part II (Papers on different aspects of Sanskrit Literature, thought and Culture) I98I RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT SANSTHAN 2-A, Ram Kishore Marg, Deihi-1 10054 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SANSKRIT CONFERENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI INDIA March 26th-31st 1972 Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. GENERAL EDITOR Dr. R.K. Sharma, M.A. Ph D. (Calif.) Director Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan - Vol. Ill Part II (Papers on different aspects of Sanskrit Literature, thought and Culture) 1981 RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT SANSTHAN 2-A, Ram Kishore Marg, Delhi-1 10054 Published by : The Director, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan 2- A Ram Kishore Marg, Delhi- 1 10054 Printed at : I78 , PREFACE the International Sanskrit The printing of the Proceedings of First Conference was entrusted to Dr. Raghavan, who edited and saw though the first first of the third of the press two volumes and the part volume; the third these, the second part of the first volume and the first part of volume were finished recently after the sad demise of the noted editor. taken for the The remaining parts were up printing by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan and it was our endeavour to see that at least before the commencement of the 5th International Sanskrit Conference, these were brought out and placed in the hands of the scholars taking part in the present Conference. The time at our disposal was very short and we had to work against odds. It is a pleasure to see our efforts being crowned with success. I must express my thanks for this to our Assistant Director in charge of publications and the two Research Assistants without whose co-operation it would not have been possible to bring out these volumes in time. However I must crave the indulgence of all the scholars who took in that Conference for this belated part publication of the proceedings. (R.K. SHARM A) CONTENTS Pages 1 1. Sanskrit and World Languages A Cross Fertilization Dr. A. Estefler, S.J., Bombay 2. Sanskrit and World Literature 10 H.S. Vrsekar, M.A., LL.B., Bombay 3. Sanskrit and World Culture 22 Dr. T.S. Rukmani, Delhi 4. The Culture of Sanskrit 27 Dr. V.A. Sharma, Tirupati 5. Sanskrit and Universal Personality 38 B.K. Sivaramaiah, M.A., Mysore 45 6. The Image of Man in Ancient Indian Literature Vidya Niwas Misra 7. Sanskrit Literature and World Peace 54 ^ Jatin Pandya, M.A. 73 8 . Kalidasa's Influence on the West $.R. Sehgdl, M.A., Ph.D., Delhi 9. Images of the Cloud -As visioned by Kalidasa & P.B. Shelley 78 Budh Dev Sharma 10. The Concepts of Katharsis And Guna A Comparison 94 Shrikrishna Misra, Darbhanga 1 1 . Treatment of Plot in Sanskrit Drama & in Shakespeare's Romantic Comedies 112 ; P.B. A charya, Indore (ii) Sanskrit Literary Criticism 127 12. Some Aspects of the Maria Christopher Byrski, Warsaw Literature 138 13. Twentieth Century Sanskrit Radhavallabh Trfpathi, Udaipur 14. What is in Sanskrit 156 M. Rama Rao, BSc. 9 B.E., M.LE. Bangalore 15. A Plea for the Emotive Basis of Literature 173 Prof. Nagendra 16. Philosophy of Moral 'Order in Sanskrit Literature 1 87 Pratap Bandyopadhyay, Calcutta 17. Evolution of Concept of Man in Ancient Indian Literature 198 Prof. E. Chelyshev 18. An Attempt at the Revival of the Vedas in Terms of Modern Science 204 Viswatiath K.N. Ayengar, Delhi 19. Sanskrit As a Discipline 209 Dr. Antonio Binimclis Sagrvra 20. Vedanta And World Thought 2 1 7 Prof. P. Van'chinathan, MA., Madn. ai 21. The Brahma Siddhanta of Sakalya Samhita 230 D.G. Dhavale,,Poona 22. Role of Mimamsa in the Modern World 243 , 4 Snnivasachari^ Tuticorin 23. Jaina Sanskrit Literature & Modern Problems 252 Dr. DayanandBhargava, Del/if 24. Contribution of Sanskrit to the World Thought of Dharma 256 ' " ' 1 '-- S.KL. Narastmham 9 Vijayawada 25. Sanskrit A living Source': Language of India 262 r A . B. Marathe, Calcutta 26. Sanskrit Vis-a-vis Problems of Modern Culture 266 Dr. Mohendra Kumar Varma. Poona 27. Role of Sanskrit in the Modern World $,//. Sharma, Jammu 28. Legal & Judicial System in Ancient India 272 Mrs. Kamlesh Prasad, M.A.B.L Darbhanga 29. Trends in Indian Psychology Dinesh Chandra Shostri, Calcutta 30. Concept of Mind in Indian Philosophy 288 Dr. Vidhuta Mm, Hajipitr 31. A Critical Evaluation of the Definitions of Kavya of of Rasagangadhara in the light of the Technique Navya Nyaya, Dr.D.C. Gupta, M.A.D.Lih. VisvaBlwati 32. Staging of Sanskrit Dramas in Modern India 301 Dr. S.P. Chatwvedi, Allahabad SANSKRIT AND WORLD LANGUAGES- A CROSS FERTILIZATION By (Rev.) Dr. A. Esteller, S.J. Sanskrit has been a great factor of unification for world languages and through them of the cultures represented by them. First of all, it has unified their attention upon a common cultural object the Sanskrit literature and culture with its vast domain over time and space far beyond the confines even of subcontinental India. Second, it has enriched their literature and culture with a common treasure of cultural contacts, assimilations and widening of human horizons towards a broader world-wide community of mutual appreciation between cultures. Third, it has been of decisive influence in the creation of a truly scienti- fic comparative philology which has made each language more thoroughly conscious of its own genetic and systematic structure and idiosyncratic genius, as well as of its own cultural-linguistic kinship with Sanskrit and with one another on a formerly unsuspected inter-continental scale. In return, the Sanskrit lore has immensely benefited by the combi- ned achievements of those languages and cultures especially in the fields of scientific philology, history, general as well as literary, and in the preservation and grasp of its traditional heirlooms through scholarly exegesis and text-criticism (honed to perfection on the Latin and Greek sister-literatures). Above all, and in response to the barrier- breaking interest in Sanskrit on the part of the world languages, there began to arise in the world of traditional Sanskrit lore a new sense of the perspective and broadmindedness that was ready to break through isolating shackles of stubbornly tradition-bound parochialism and chauvinism, and to see in those sister languages and cultures something to appreciate and Compare and also to learn from, even if with a sober and discriminating selection based on a fearless, "satyam eva jayate". This was the road towards that mutually enriching cross-fertilization. To bring that cross-fertilization to full fruition for the benefit of both partners I should like to put before you some thoughts that my long contact with Indian Sankrit scholarship has suggested to me as an appropriate means to that so desirable goal. there is a which Uppermost in my mind many-sided problem in on the occasion of this international my opinion deserves precedence on the future conference, because it has a very preponderant bearing of lore in and of all branches of Sanskrit and vedic general my own field in I refer to the of rgvedic text-criticism moie particular: problem of Western scholarship as confronting traditional Indian literature and I said is indeed. learning. And this problem, as above, many-sided First is still too left of of all is the fact that, by and large, there much that ht chaos magnum", that great chasm between the two trends of Western or modern scholarship and Indian traditional learning. Yes, there is still an immense reservoir and current of traditional undisturbed the stream of especially vedic, lore completely by modern scientific historico-philological outlook and dynamism. And it is this that causes my deep concern. The reason is that I sadly feel that tremendous potentialities for scholarly progress go waste and abegging for lack of proper direction and training. It should be our ambition and pride that every genuine pandit is on the one hand an expert in his special branch of knowledge but at the same time a modernminded scholar who can critically assess the value of his own traditional texts and knowledge and thus lead them either forward, into new developments of thought and truth, or backward in the direction of their original text-critical forms. Let us not allow our vedic (or Sanskrit) pandits to become mere mummified museum-pieces, or merely mechanical tape-recorders- for then, I fear, the nation's progress will pass them by (and they are too valuable for that) but let us enable them to incorporate themselves actively and dynamically into the cultural-educational forward-march of India by integrating their lore into the modern methods of search for knowledge and truth. I would decidedly advocate that they continue to foster their enviable fluency in spoken Sanskrit and specialized proficiency in particular sastras; but I equally strongly advocate that from now on it should be considered as a sine qua non of qualification modern panditry the ability to feel quite at ease with English, at least as a library language. A true modern pandit in India cannot do without at least that much English^ in order to have direct and untramelled access to the rich literature on Sanskrit (especially in its vedic stage) which exists. in that language which should be held as India's own international language. It is also a providential golden bridge to the languages and cultures of the other fellow-members of India's own Indo-European linguistic cultural family of peoples.