Supplementary information Supplementary Figures Figure S1 | Ancestral state reconstruction of the mycorrhizal association for the last common ancestor of Embryophyta, given the different phylogenetic constraints. Pie charts show the likelihood of the ancestral states for the MRCA of Embryophyta for each phylogenetic hypothesis shown below. Letters represent mycorrhizal associations: (A) Ascomycota; (B) Basidiomycota; (G) Glomeromycotina; (M) Mucoromycotina; (-) Non-mycorrhizal. Combinations of letters represent a combination of mycorrhizal associations. Austrocedrus chilensis Chamaecyparis obtusa Sequoiadendron giganteum Prumnopitys taxifolia Prumnopitys Prumnopitys montana Prumnopitys Prumnopitys ferruginea Prumnopitys Araucaria angustifolia Araucaria Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Dacrycarpus Taxus baccata Podocarpus oleifolius Podocarpus Afrocarpus falcatus Afrocarpus Ephedra fragilis Nymphaea alba Nymphaea Gnetum gnemon Abies alba Abies balsamea Austrobaileya scandens Austrobaileya Abies nordmanniana Thalictrum minus Thalictrum Abies homolepis Caltha palustris Caltha Abies magnifica ia repens Ranunculus Abies religiosa Ranunculus montanus Ranunculus Clematis vitalba Clematis Keteleeria davidiana Anemone patens Anemone Tsuga canadensis Vitis vinifera Vitis Tsuga mertensiana Saxifraga oppositifolia Saxifraga Larix decidua Hypericum maculatum Hypericum Larix gmelinii Phyllanthus calycinus Phyllanthus Larix kaempferi Hieronyma oblonga Hieronyma Pseudotsuga menziesii Salix reinii Salix Picea abies Salix polaris Salix Picea crassifolia Salix herbacea Salix Picea jezoensis Salix reticulata Salix Picea mariana Salix arctica Salix Picea rubens Salix tetrasperma Salix Picea smithiana Salix alba Salix Picea glauca Populus deltoides Populus Picea sitchensis Populus trichocarpa Populus Pinus albicaulis Populus balsamifera Populus Pinus lambertiana a Populus euphratica Populus Pinus cembra Populus simonii Populus Pinus koraiensis Populus tremula Populus Pinus pumila Populus davidiana Populus Pinus wallichiana Populus nigra Populus Pinus parviflora Populus alba Populus Pinus strobus Rhizophora apiculata Rhizophora Pinus longaeva Kandelia candel Kandelia Pinus edulis Mercurialis perennis Mercurialis Pinus banksiana Excoecaria agallocha Excoecaria Pinus jeffreyi Polygala rupestris Polygala Pinus montezumae Polygala vulgaris Polygala Pinus sabiniana Polygala comosa Polygala Pinus ponderosa Polygala serpyllifolia Polygala Pinus caribaea Polygala calcarea Polygala Pinus elliottii Polygala myrtifolia Polygala Pinus taeda Polygala amara Polygala Pinus muricata Eperua grandiflora Eperua Pinus radiata Eperua falcata Eperua Pinus patula Hymenostegia ngouniensis Hymenostegia Pinus virginiana Intsia bijuga Intsia Pinus canariensis Afzelia africana Afzelia Pinus halepensis Robinia pseudoacac Robinia Pinus pinaster Gliricidia sepium Gliricidia Pinus roxburghii Lotus japonicus Lotus Pinus pinea Lotus corniculatus Lotus Pinus massonian Lotus jacobaeus Lotus Pinus densiflora Lotus brunneri Lotus Pinus mugo Vicia hirsuta Vicia Pinus nigra Vicia tetrasperma Vicia Pinus sylvestris Vicia sativa Vicia Pinus kesiya m vogelii Vicia faba Vicia Pinus tabuliformis Pisum sativum Pisum Pinus thunbergii Trifolium repens Trifolium Cedrus atlantica Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium Cedrus deodara a striata a Trifolium pratense Trifolium Ginkgo biloba Ononis repens Ononis Diplopterygium glaucum Melilotus albus Melilotus Gleichenia microphylla Medicago truncatula Medicago Polystichum acrostichoides eum Medicago polymorpha Medicago Nephrolepis hirsutula Medicago murex Medicago Athyrium yokoscense Caragana korshinskii Caragana Triplophyllu es Vigna unguiculata Vigna Anogramma leptophylla ra Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Dicksonia squarrosa Glycine max Glycine Marsilea crenata Kummerowi Osmunda regalis Cajanus cajan Cajanus Ptisana purpurascens Lupinus latifolius Lupinus Equisetum fluviatile Retama sphaerocarpa Retama m Ophioglossum costatum Genista cinerea Genista Ophioglossum vulgatum Arachis hypogaea Arachis la Botrychium virginianum Dicorynia guianensis Dicorynia Psilotum nudum Dichrostachys cinerea Dichrostachys Tmesipteris elongata Delonix regia Delonix Tmesipteris tannensis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia Isoetes lacustris Senegalia senegal Senegalia Isoetes echinospo Inga edulis Inga Selaginella kraussiana Inga acreana Inga Selaginella selaginoid maria Acacia mangiu Acacia Dendrolycopodium dendroid Oxalis stricta Oxalis Lycopodium annotinum Oxalis acetosel Oxalis Lycopodium clavatum Rubus saxatilis Rubus Lycopodium fastigiatum Rubus parvifolius Rubus Lycopodium volubile patens Geum rivale Geum Diphasiastrum alpinum is Potentilla erecta Potentilla Lycopodiella inundata Rosa multiflora Rosa Lycopodiella lateralis Fragaria vesca Fragaria Palhinhaea cernua Prunus persica Prunus Huperzia appressa Prunus africana Prunus Huperzia lucidula Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus Phlegmariurus phleg Pyrus pyrifolia Pyrus Physcomitrella Malus micromalus Malus Syntrichia rural Malus sieboldii Malus Sanionia uncinata Malus hupehensis Malus Nyholmiella obtusifolia Crataegus monogyna Crataegus Tetraphis pellucida Dryas octopetala Dryas Sphagnum palustre Dryas integrifolia Dryas Takakia lepidozioides Cercocarpus ledifolius Cercocarpus Blasia pusilla Ulmus americana Ulmus Bucegia romanica Pilea pumila Pilea Preissia quadrata Cecropia obtusa Cecropia Marchantia paleacea folia Trisyngyne codonandra Trisyngyne Conocephalum conicum Trisyngyne balansae Trisyngyne Monoclea gottschei Lophozonia menziesii Lophozonia Monosolenium tenerumdenudata Lophozonia cunninghamii Lophozonia Exormotheca pustulosa Fagus sylvatica Fagus Sauteria alpina Fagus grandi Fagus Oxymitra incrassata Quercus pubescens Quercus Riccia huebeneriana Quercus petraea Quercus Wiesnerella Quercus robur Quercus Mannia androgyna Quercus ilex Quercus ber Mannia fragrans osa Quercus variabilis Quercus Neohodgsonia mirabilis lasii Quercus fabri Quercus Geothallus tuberosus Quercus wislizeni Quercus Sphaerocarpos texanus Quercus su Quercus Riella helicophylla Quercus cerris Quercus Allisonia cockaynii Quercus doug Quercus Austrofossombronia australis Quercus alba Quercus Fossombronia angul Quercus agrifolia Quercus Jensenia connivens Quercus rubra Quercus Pallavicinia xiphoides Quercus phellos Quercus Podomitrium phyllanthus Quercus incana Quercus Symphyogyna hymenophyllumhatcheri Castanopsis fargesii Castanopsis Phyllothallia nivicola Quercus salicina Quercus Pellia endiviifolia Castanea sativa Castanea Barbilophozia barbata floerkeius Castanea mollissima Castanea Barbilophozia Castanea dentata Castanea Barbilophozia lycopodioides Juglans regia Juglans Isopaches bicrenatus Carya illinoinensis Carya Neoorthocaulis Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina Orthocaulis attenuat Corylus colurna Corylus Diplophyllum albicans la Ostrya carpinifolia Ostrya Diplophyllum obtusifolium Corylus avellana Corylus Scapania calcicola Betula pubescens Betula Scapania irrigua Betula platyphyl Betula Scapania cuspiduligera Betula pendula Betula Scapania umbrosa Betula papyrifera Betula Schistochilopsis incisa Betula alleghaniensis Betula Saccobasis polita Alnus incana Alnus Lophozia ventricosaians Alnus glutinosa Alnus Tritomaria exsectiformis Alnus nitida Alnus Tritomaria quinquedentata Alnus rubra Alnus Cephaloziella var Alnus alnobetula Alnus Cephalozia bicuspidata Alnus cordata Alnus Odontoschisma denudatum Alnus acuminata Alnus Calypogeia fissa Gynostemma pentaphyllum Gynostemma Calypogeia muelleriana Citrullus colocynthis Citrullus Southbya nigrella Sonneratia alba Sonneratia Nardia compressa Epilobium ciliatum Epilobium Nardia geoscyphus Chamerion angustifolium Chamerion Nardia scalaris Eucalyptus marginata Eucalyptus Saccogyna viticulosa Eucalyptus gunnii Eucalyptus Lepidozia reptans Eucalyptus nitens Eucalyptus Pachyschistochila splachnophylla Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus Aneura maxima Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus Aneura pinguis Alzatea verticillata Alzatea Aneura mirabilis Geranium pratense Geranium Lobatiriccardia lobata Tetragastris panamensis Tetragastris Verdoornia succulenta Santiria trimera Santiria Riccardia latifrons Mangifera indica Mangifera Riccardia multifida Cneorum tricoccon Cneorum Riccardia palmata Phellodendron amurense Phellodendron Metzgeria conjugata Orixa japonica Orixa Metzgeria furcata Ruta chalepensis Ruta Metzgeria pubescens Citrus maxima Citrus Metzgeria decipiens Guarea pterorhachis Guarea Metzgeria temperata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia Pleurozia gigantea Cedrela odorata Cedrela Pleurozia purpurea Dimocarpus longan Dimocarpus Haplomitrium blumei Dodonaea viscosa Dodonaea Haplomitrium hookeri Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Haplomitrium chilensis Acer platanoides Acer Haplomitrium gibbsiae Acer macrophyllum Acer Treubia lacunosa Tilia cordata Tilia Anthoceros agrestis Tilia americana Tilia Anthoceros laminiferus Luehea seemannii Luehea Anthoceros punctatus Helianthemum squama Helianthemum Anthoceros lamellatus tum Shorea obtusa Shorea Anthoceros fusiformis Shorea guiso Shorea Folioceros fuciformis Hopea odorata Hopea Folioceros glandulosus Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Dipterocarpus Dendroceros crispus Anisoptera costata Anisoptera Dendroceros validus Moringa oleifera Moringa Megaceros flagellaris Moringa hildebrandtii Moringa Megaceros leptohymenius Moringa drouhardii Moringa Megaceros pellucidus Salvadora persica Salvadora Phaeomegaceros hirticalyx Noccaea caerulescens Noccaea Nothoceros giganteus Thlaspi arvense Thlaspi Nothoceros vincentianus Subularia aquatica Subularia Phaeomegaceros coriaceus Cardamine pratensis Cardamine Paraphymatoceros