Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07346-3 - A Journey through the Universe: Gresham Lectures on Astronomy Lan Morison Index More information Index 2003 UB313,26 Bayer, Johann, 212 gravitational microlensing, 3C 273, 125 Bell Telephone Laboratories, 243 75-metre Mark I radio 322 Hawking radiation, 252 telescope, 247 Bell, Jocelyn, 159, 161 Hawking temperature, 253 Belville, Ruth, 264 intermediate mass, 240 active galaxies, 246 Bessel, Friedrich, 121, 151 Kerr black holes, 242 NGC 4261, 248 Bethe, Hans, 146, 321 Monoceros X-1, 245 Adams, John Couch, 60, 77 Bevis, John, 154 neutron degeneracy Airy, George, 60 Big Bang theory, 294 pressure, 240 albedo, 33 closed universes, 337 no-hair theorem, 241 Earth, 33 flat or critical universe, Omega Centauri, 240 Enceladus, 63 337 Penrose process, 242 Mars, 33 flatness problem, 296 Schwarzschild radius, 240, Mercury and Moon, 63 Friedmann models, 338 241 Venus, 33, 63 Heisenberg’s uncertainty singularity, 240 Alpher, Ralph, 321 principle, 295 size of emitting region, 249 Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, horizon problem, 296 super-massive, 240 321 inflation, 295 what are they?, 239 anthropic principle, 148 initial singularity, 294 X-ray binary systems, 244 apehelion, 28 Omega, 337 Bode, Johann Elert, 55 Apian, Peter, 94 zero energy content, 294 Bondi, Herman, 339 astronomical unit, 10 binary pulsar, 233 Brahe, Tycho, 4, 91, 155 Aurora Australis, 21, 22 Birr Castle, 122 British eclipse expedition, 229 Aurora Borealis, 21, 22 black holes, 239 Brown, Mike, 28, 67 auroral corona, 23 A0620–00, 246 Burke, Bernie, 323 angular momentum, 241 Burney, Venetia, 62 Baade, Walter, 302, 338 Ariel IV, 245 Butler, Paul, 169 Backus, Peter, 191 Cygnus X-1, 245 Banks, John, 11 evaporation, 253 Campbell, Bruce, 169 Barringer, Daniel, 101 event horizon, 239, 241 Campbell, William, 229 347 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07346-3 - A Journey through the Universe: Gresham Lectures on Astronomy Lan Morison Index More information 348 Index celestial sphere, 3 coronal mass ejections, 22 Big Bang models, 336 Cepheid variables, 123 Cosmic Microwave closed universes, 337 Ceres, 26 Background, 252, flat or critical universe, Challis, James, 60 265, 296, 306, 321, 337 Chandrasekhar, 345 Friedmann models, 338 Subramanyan, 150 black body spectrum, 324 Omega, 337 Cherenkov radiation, 17, 156 Boomerang balloon, 328, Big Bang or Steady State, 339 Chre´tien, Henri, 123 330 consistent model, 341 Christy, James, 64, 89 cause, 323 continuous creation, 339 Clark, Alvan, 121, 151 cause of fluctuations, 326 cosmological principle, 339 Clarke, Arthur C., 113 COBE spacecraft, 324 cosmological redshift, 338 climate change, 32 CMB fluctuations, 325 flatness problem, 340 comets, 91 differential microwave Freidmann models, 340 1P/Halley, 92 radiometer, 324 future of the Universe, 345 antitail, 95 far-infrared absolute horizon problem, 340 Bayeaux Tapestry, 92 spectrophotometer, Hubble’s constant, 338 Borrelly, 95 324 inflation, 340 coma, 94, 95 mapping anisotropies, multiverse, 343 comet of 1577, 91 324 perfect cosmological Deep Impact Mission, 98 Cosmic Background principle, 339 dust tail, 94 Imager, 329 Steady State theory, 336, 339 gas or ion tail, 94 Maxima balloon, 328 string theory, 343 Giotto image, 95 Planck mission, 329 M-theory, 344 Giotto space probe, 95 Planck results, 329 Universe fit for life, 341 great comets, 95 age of Universe, 332 Crab Nebula, 9 Hale–Bopp, 91 components making up Currie, Thayne, 166 Halley’s, 92 Universe, 331 Holmes, 95 curvature of space, 329 d’Arrest, Heinrich, 60 icy conglomerate theory, 94 Hubble’s constant, 333 dark energy, 315 ion tail, 95 reionisation redshift, 332 Casimir experiment, 318 Kuiper Belt, 93 Planck spacecraft, 327 evidence, 316 long-period, 92 serendipitous discovery, High-z Supernova Search nuclei, 92, 93 322 Team, 317 Oort Cloud, 93 Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect, Hubble plot, 317 Shoemaker–Levy 9, 65 329 Lambda (Λ) term, 315 short-period, 93 Very Small Array, 329 nature of, 318 Stardust mission, 97 WMAP spacecraft, 327 standard model of Tempel 1, 98 CMB Power Spectrum cosmology, 319 water on Earth, 99 Analyzer, 333 supernova cosmology Wild 2, 97 results, 328 project, 317 constant of gravitation, 9 cosmological constant, 336 Type Ia supernova, 316 Cook, Captain James, 11 cosmology, 336 dark matter, 301 Copernican model of the beyond our ability to fully Abell Cluster 2218, 308 Solar System, 2 understand, 344 amount, 309 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07346-3 - A Journey through the Universe: Gresham Lectures on Astronomy Lan Morison Index More information Index 349 cold dark matter, 309 Dusky Sound, 11 astrometry, 173 Alpha Magnetic dwarf planets, 28, 68 COROT, 175 Spectrometer, 311 Ceres, 69 detection in infrared, 164 AMANDA, IceCube and Eris, 68 detection in visible light, 165 ANTARES, 311 Haumea, 69 Formalhaut b, 166 axions, 310 Makemake, 69 Gaia spacecraft, 174 CRESST experiment, 312 Pluto, 69 Gliese, 174 cryogenic detectors, 312 gravitational microlensing, DAMA experiment, 312 Earth, 29, 42 171 direct detection, 311 Cambrian era, 43 HD 209458b, 175 indirect detection central core, 44 Kepler, 175 experiments, 310 Chicxulub crater, 43 Kepler Space Observatory, LUX experiment, 313 equatorial bulge, 43 176 LUX first results, 314 mass extinctions, 43 OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, 172 LUX-ZEPLIN, 314 photosynthesis, 42 OGLE-TR-56b, 175 neutralino, 310 plate tectonics, 43 planetary transits, 174 PAMELA, 311 secondary atmosphere, 42 radial velocity method of percentage mass, 315 Earth–Moon system, 42 detection, 167 weakly interacting eclipses, 23 visual detection, 164 massive particles annular, 24 (WIMPs), 310 eclipse track, 24 Fermi Gamma-ray Space gas entrapment, 307 lunar, 23 Telescope, 311 gravitational lensing, 307 ring of fire, 24 Flagstaff Observatory, 51 hot dark matter, 309 saros, 25 Flamsteed, John, 60 neutrinos, 309 solar, 24 Fowler, William, 148 in galaxy M33, 304 Eddington, Arthur, 228 Friedmann, A. A, 336 in spiral galaxies, 303 Einstein rings, 243 MACHO, 301 Einstein, Albert, 12, 17, 265, galaxies, see also Milky Way mass to light ratio, 306 315 active galactic nucleus, 224 role in galaxy formation, Einstein’s General Theory of Andromeda Galaxy, 204 306 Relativity, 84, 226, Coma Cluster, 206 what is it?, 309 233 Coma Supercluster, 207 Davis, Ray, 17, 313 Einstein’s Special Theory of cosmic web, 208 de Grasse Tyson, Neil, 27 Relativity, 156, 233 distances, 207 de Lacaille, Nicolas Louis, epicycles, 1 elliptical, 203 220, 221 Eris, 29, 30 groups of, 204 deferents, 1 Essen, Louis, 261 Hercules Cluster, 206 di Bondone, Giotto, 92 European Southern Hubble sequence, 203 Dicke, Richard, 320, 321, 323 Observatory, 130 Hubble Ultra Deep Field, 208 Dixon, Jeremiah, 10 European Space Agency, 275, irregular, 204 Dolland, John, 120 329 Large Magellanic Cloud, Double Pulsar, 235 Ewen, Harold, 198 204, 219 Drake, Frank, 181, 184 exoplanets, 164 supernova 1987A, 220 Duhalde, Oscar, 220 51 Pegasai, 169 distance, 220 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07346-3 - A Journey through the Universe: Gresham Lectures on Astronomy Lan Morison Index More information 350 Index galaxies (cont.) gravitational time dilation, Hoyle, Fred, 147, 160, 320, Tarantula Nebula, 219 266 336, 339, 343 Local Group, 204 Giotto di Bondone, 92 Hubble age, 274 M33 in Triangulum, 205 Global Positioning System Hubble sequence, 274 Magellanic Clouds, 217 network, 233 Hubble Space Telescope Omega Centauri, 212 global warming, 32 Hubble Heritage Images, intermediate-mass black Gold, Thomas, 161, 339 284 hole, 213 Goodricke, John, 270 Wide Field Camera 3, 278 realm of, 205 Gran Sasso National Hubble Space Telescope Sgr A*, 211 Laboratory, 312 science Small Magellanic Cloud, Grand Unified Theory, 155 Cepheid distance scale, 279 204, 219 gravitational lenses, 230 dark matter and dark spiral, 204 Double Quasar, 231 energy, 281 superclusters, 207 gravitational wave detectors, exoplanet atmospheres, super-massive black holes, 237 281 211 gravitational waves, exoplanets, 281 Virgo Cluster, 206 226, 235 eXtreme Deep Field, 283 Virgo Supercluster, 207 gravitons, 237 galaxy formation and Whirlpool Galaxy, 204 Green, Charles, 11 evolution, 282 white nebulae, 203 Guccione, Giuseppe, 180 gamma ray bursts, 281 Galilei, Galileo, 1, 59, 118, 259 Guth, Alan, 296, 340 Hubble’s constant, 273, 279 Galle, Johann, 60 Hubble Deep Field, 282 gamma-ray bursts, 253, 285 Hale, George Ellery, 124, 269 Hubble Ultra Deep Field, 283 afterglow, 289 Hall, George, 111 Pluto, Nix and Hydra, 280 black hole formation, 291 Halley, Edmond, 10, 91 Shoemaker–Levy 9, 280 causes, 287, 290 Harriot, Thomas, 118 supernova 1987A, 278 Compton Gamma Ray Harvard College Observatory, Hubble, Edwin, 121, 123, 203, Observatory, 286 270 266, 267, 337 discovery, 285 Haumea, 28 an attorney, 268 discovery of GRB 970508, Haveaheart pigeon trap, 322 at University of Chicago, 267 287 Hawking, Stephen, 252, 254 cometary nebula, 268 energy, 289 Hayden Planetarium, 26 distance to Andromeda Gamma-Ray Burst Heisenberg’s uncertainty Galaxy, 272 Coordinates principle, 252 expanding universe, 273 Network, 288 Helmholtz, Hermann von, 12 galaxy classification, 274 GRB 090423, 288 Herman, Robert, 321 infantry, 269 GRB 970228, 287 Herschel, Caroline, 58 Legion of Merit, 270 long, 289, 291 Herschel, John William, 212, Mount Wilson Observatory, short, 288 223 269 Swift spacecraft, 288 Herschel, William, 57, 74,