Catalogue no. 89-614-XIE Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada A Portrait of Early Settlement Experiences How to obtain more information Specifi c inquiries about this product and related statistics or services should be directed to: Client Services, Special Surveys Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6 (telephone: (613) 951-3321). For information on the wide range of data available from Statistics Canada, you can contact us by calling one of our toll-free numbers. You can also contact us by e-mail or by visiting our website. National inquiries line 1 800 263-1136 National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1 800 363-7629 Depository Services Program inquiries 1 800 700-1033 Fax line for Depository Services Program 1 800 889-9734 E-mail inquiries [email protected] Website www.statcan.ca Ordering and subscription information This product, catalogue no. 89-614-XIE, is available for free. 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September 2005 Catalogue no. 89-614-XIE ISBN 0-662-41249-4 Catalogue no. 89-614-XPE ISBN 0-660-19511-9 Frequency: Occasional Ottawa Cette publication est disponible en français sur demande (no 89-614-XIF au catalogue). Note of appreciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued cooperation and goodwill. A Portrait of Early Settlement Experiences Symbols The symbols described in this document apply to all data published by Statistics Canada from all origins including surveys, censuses and administrative sources, as well as straight tabulations and all estimations. The following symbol legend should be included with all publications. not available for any reference period .. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable 0 true zero or a value rounded to zero 0s value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded p preliminary r revised x confidential to meet secrecy requirements of the Statistics Act E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Acknowledgments This publication is a compilation of research done by authors at Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and Statistics Canada (STC). Contributors from CIC include: Elizabeth Ruddick, Jean Bergeron, Mary Grant, Martha Justus, Stan Kustec and Stephanie Potter. Contributors from STC include: Cindy Bryant, Patrice Dion, Jessie-Lynn MacDonald, Owen Phillips, Michelle Simard and Sylvain Tremblay. Various other individuals made this study possible and their contributions must be acknowledged. In particular, sincere thanks are extended to: Sonia Chouinard for her technical assistance and Johanne Denis, Chantal Grondin, Tracey Leesti and Amélie Lévesque for their support. Many thanks also go to the various individuals who took the time to review and provide comments on this publication. Sincere thanks are extended to the immigrants who took the time to participate in the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48 – 1984. ∞ 2 Statistics Canada – Catalogue no. 89-614 A Portrait of Early Settlement Experiences Foreword Results from the first wave of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) were officially released on September 4th, 2003. The data were released in the form of a Statistics Canada Daily article accompanied by a more detailed analytical article entitled “Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada: Process, progress and prospects”. The article focused on the initial experience of newcomers. A few key areas of settlement were explored including: immigrants’ destination choice and the reason for that choice; initial experiences in finding suitable housing, accessing health care services, pursuing further training and entering the labour force; and difficulties encountered during the settlement process. In addition, the file was also made available through Statistics Canada’s Research Data Centres. Data from the second wave of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada will be released in the fall of 2005. Results from Wave 2, which follow up on the same immigrants two years after their arrival, will allow researchers, using longitudinal analysis, to look at the settlement experiences of new immigrants after six months and two years. The purpose of this publication is to expand on the descriptive analysis previously released and to provide a more detailed benchmark from which the upcoming results from Wave 2 can be expanded. Analysis Notes This publication is a compilation of research conducted by individual authors from Statistics Canada and Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). Each chapter has been analyzed and written independently. Measures have been taken to ensure consistency for major concepts and variables. However it was up to the discretion of each author how to approach the analysis. As a result there may be some variation in the approach to analysis between chapters. In the LSIC, all references to family variables are characteristics of the longitudinal respondent (LR). The weights on the file used in all analysis are based on the longitudinal respondent. Statistics Canada – Catalogue no. 89-614 3 A Portrait of Early Settlement Experiences Table of Contents Highlights.................................................................................................................................. 5 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 7 2 Pre-migration and arrival in Canada.............................................................................. 10 3 The first six months ....................................................................................................... 18 4 Choosing where to live and finding a home .................................................................. 22 5 Adapting to a new linguistic environment..................................................................... 29 6 Maintaining health......................................................................................................... 36 7 Building on education and training................................................................................ 46 8 Finding employment ...................................................................................................... 56 9 Making ends meet.......................................................................................................... 74 10 Settling in a new country ............................................................................................... 84 11 Challenges to integration............................................................................................... 90 12 Methodology and data