I Wayan, et.al / The Impact of Radicalism toward National Defense / 1-15 P-ISSN : 2087-9415 Jurnal Pertahanan E-ISSN: 2549-9459 Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity Vol. 3 | No. 1 The Impact of Radicalism toward National Defense I Wayan Midhio * Ahwan Ismadi ** Ate Ajat Waluyo *** *Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia **Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia ***Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia Article Info Abstract Keyword: This study aims to analyze radicalism impact Radicalism toward national defense. The method used is De-Radicalization descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, documentation, National Defense and literature. Processing of research data according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that implementation of the Territorial Development by District Military Command 0621 Bogor Regency through territorial management of Planning and Control Systems Development of Territories & Management of Territorial Development were able to map the potential and vulnerability of the area ie geography areas, demographic and social conditions so that development of radicalism could be prevented. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Corresponding Author: dampak radikalisme terhadap pertahanan negara. [email protected] Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Pengolahan data hasil penelitian mengikuti proses Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Pembinaan Teritorial Komando Distrik Militer 0621 Kabupaten Bogor melalui manajemen teritorial dalam bentuk Sistem Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Pembinaan Teritorial dan Jurnal Pertahanan Ketatalaksanaan Pembinaan Teritorial mampu Volume 3 Nomor 1 memetakan potensi-potensi dan kerawanan January – April 2017 ISSN 2087-9415 wilayah yaitu bidang geografi, demografi dan hh. 1-15 kondisi sosial sehingga perkembangan ©2017 JP. All rights reserved. radikalisme dapat dicegah. 1 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2017) Introduction such as formulating policies to In common understanding, implementation de-radicalization. radicalism could mean any unlawful National Anti-Terrorism Board also act or norms and social values which have cooperation with the police aim to indicate the aspirations of using a "soft" to prevent the spread of people group by violence method, radical group's ideology (Aslam et.al, threats, vandalism of public facilities 2016), on ‘soft’ or ‘smart’ non- or eliminate human lives for certain coercive policies to ‘win hearts and political purposes and against the minds’ of groups, individuals and Constitution. In line with the opinion communities most vulnerable (El- of Kruglanski et.al (2014), involved Said, 2015). activities that violate important social Basically, against radicalism norms (for example, the killing of is not only responsibility of the civilians), a notion which causing National Anti-Terrorism Board. vulnerability to terrorism (Lynch, However, part of responsibilities of 2014). all elements in the Unitary State of the After the Bali bombings Republic of Indonesia to maintain the incident in October 2002 that killed national defense of radicalism threat. 202 people and a member of Jemaah According to Spalek (2012), the Islamiyah (JI) exposing the terrorist approach to face radicalization is the acts. The Indonesian government had development of a community-based issued policies to minimize terrorism approach, the which means that the parties involved can comprise of impact. Various policies have been taken related to civil defense, internal actors and traditional institutions such security, border security, improving as government officials, police, security service personnel public acknowledgment of the terrorist threat. To prevent the spread (professional and non-professional). of radical ideology, the Indonesian In addition, all the people who have government established National the initiative to confront the Anti-Terrorism Board as an widespread radicalization, such as institution that an important role in teachers and other educators, youth counter-terrorism and did a few tasks workers, social workers, religious 2 I Wayan, et.al / The Impact of Radicalism toward National Defense / 1-15 leaders, and community members Indonesian National Armed Forces (Spalek, 2012), families (Spalek, dedication, social communication, 2016), and resistance development territory As national defense tools, to civil-military pointedness. One of one of the Indonesian National Armed the Military District Command that Forces roles to keep the integrity of became the research object is the the Unitary State of the Republic of District Military Command 0621. Indonesia from threats and disruption, This research discussed (1) the Indonesian National Armed Territorial Development Forces is obliged to prevent and Implementation of District Military addressing radicalism. This is in Command 0621, (2) Implementation accordance with Act No. 34 of 2004 Barriers of Planning Systems and on Indonesian National Armed Forces Control Development Territories, (3) Article 7 (1), that the principal task of Application of Territorial the Indonesian National Armed Development to Addressing Forces is to uphold state sovereignty, Radicalism. Territories Development defend the territorial integrity of the for the Indonesian National Armed Unitary State of the Republic of Forces was effort, work, and action, Indonesia based on Pancasila and the either independently and collectively 1945 Constitution. with relevant authorities and other Research focuses on the role national components to helped of of the Indonesian National Armed government in preparing defense forces of the land forces, includes Forces in preventing and overcome the radicalism impact that national defense territory and its sustaining defense threat through territorial power, civil-military pointedness as authority realization appropriate and development by Military District Command that act as development legislation to achieve the Indonesian commando and territorial operation National Armed Forces fundamental so that the Indonesian National duty (Territorial Development Armed Forces be able to interact Handbook, 2011) directly with communities through Radicalization and De- three application methods of radicalization 3 Jurnal Pertahanan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2017) The issue of radicalization is political system to right or left; (4) not a new phenomenon because now Ethno-nationalists for certain ethnic as the political and social agenda groups; (5) The religion issue with a (Alexandra Dan Halit, 2016). name or different campaign. Radicalization as the social and Meanwhile, many studies suggest that psychological processes that can susceptibility to radicalization can be increase the commitment of extremist classified from various factors, such political or religious ideology as psychological, behavioral, (Horgan, 2008), an incremental social political, ideological and religious, and psychological process (Braddock, socio-structural and related to 2015), a deviation from ideological socialization (Neumann, 2013), norm (Klein and Kruglanski, 2013), a psychological and socialization process of embracing extremist ideas (Sageman, 2008). (Crone, 2016). King and Taylor (2011) Radicalism appeared from a suggests four core models for the variety of reasons, including (1) process of radicalization. Socioeconomic (poverty); (2) Radicalization is viewed as numerate Discrimination or the Alliance of a and multifarious integrative factors. class or group; (3) The wing of As seen in the table below: Table 1. The four major models of radicalisation Author Type of model Stage or factors Borum (2004) Linear • Social and economic deprivation • Inequality and resentment • Blame and attribution • Stereotyping and demonizing the enemy Wiktorowicz (2005) Multifarious with • Cognitive opening linear stages embedded • Religious seeking • Flame alignment • Socialization Moghaddam (2005) Linear • Psychological interpretation of material conditions • Perceived options to fight unfair treatment • Displacement of aggression • Moral engagement • Solidification of categorical thinking • The terrorist act 4 I Wayan, et.al / The Impact of Radicalism toward National Defense / 1-15 Author Type of model Stage or factors Sageman (2008) Nonlinear, multifarious • Sense of moral outrage • Frame used to interpret the world • Resonance with personal experience • Mobilization through networks Source: King and Taylor (2011) Discussions on de- ex-prisoners, people who have been radicalization are often associated involved radical militants, with radicalization. In fact, both have sympathizers, families, communities, differences. The radicalization and stakeholders (Hikam, 2016), reflects (1) A high level of former militants who are now law- commitment to ideological goals and abiding (El-Said, 2015) violence to its attainment, (2) Reduce Method commitment to goals and values of This study used the the alternative. De-radicalization descriptive qualitative method to represents (1) Focus on recovery (2) understand the phenomenon of what Commitment reduction to focus on is experienced by subjects of study ideology, violence, and terrorism such as behavior, perception, (Kruglanski et.al, 2014) motivation, action, and others a De-radicalization has been holistic manner, and by means of a conceived as an important instrument description