TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2262: 1–39 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean JAVIER REYES1, NADIEZHDA SANTODOMINGO1, 2 & STEPHEN CAIRNS3 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, INVEMAR, Cerro de Punta Betín, AA 1016 Santa Marta, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 3 National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20013, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Caryophylliidae Dana, 1846 ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Caryophyllia berteriana Duchassaing, 1850 ............................................................................................................... 5 Caryophyllia crypta Cairns, 2000................................................................................................................................ 6 Caryophyllia barbadensis Cairns, 1979 ...................................................................................................................... 6 Caryophyllia ambrosia caribbeana Cairns, 1979........................................................................................................ 8 Coenocyathus parvulus (Cairns, 1979)........................................................................................................................ 8 Trochocyathus rawsonii Pourtalès, 1874 ..................................................................................................................... 9 Trochocyathus sp. cf. T. fasciatus Cairns, 1979........................................................................................................... 9 Tethocyathus prahli Lattig & Cairns, 2000 ................................................................................................................ 10 Tethocyathus variabilis Cairns, 1979 ......................................................................................................................... 10 Paracyathus pulchellus (Philippi, 1842) ................................................................................................................... 11 Polycyathus senegalensis Chevalier, 1966 ................................................................................................................ 12 Polycyathus mayae Cairns, 2000................................................................................................................................ 12 Cladocora debilis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 ................................................................................................... 12 Cladocora arbuscula (Lesueur, 1821) ....................................................................................................................... 15 Deltocyathus calcar Pourtalès, 1874 ......................................................................................................................... 15 Deltocyathus sp. cf. D. italicus (Michelotti, 1838) .................................................................................................... 16 Deltocyathus eccentricus Cairns, 1979 ...................................................................................................................... 17 Stephanocyathus (Stephanocyathus) diadema (Moseley, 1876)................................................................................ 17 Stephanocyathus (Stephanocyathus) paliferus Cairns, 1977 ..................................................................................... 18 Stephanocyathus (Stephanocyathus) laevifundus Cairns, 1977 ................................................................................. 18 Stephanocyathus (Stephanocyathus) isabellae, new species ..................................................................................... 19 Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) coronatus (Pourtalès, 1867) ............................................................................... 20 Thalamophyllia riisei (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) ......................................................................................... 20 Eusmilia fastigiata (Pallas, 1766) .............................................................................................................................. 21 Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) ............................................................................................................................ 21 Oxysmilia rotundifolia (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) ......................................................................................... 22 Colangia immersa (Pourtalès, 1871) ......................................................................................................................... 22 Phyllangia americana americana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 .......................................................................... 24 Rhizosmilia maculata (Pourtalès, 1874) .................................................................................................................... 24 Phacelocyathus flos (Pourtalès, 1878) ....................................................................................................................... 25 Anomocora fecunda (Pourtalès, 1871) ....................................................................................................................... 25 Anomocora prolifera (Pourtalès, 1871) ..................................................................................................................... 26 Anomocora marchadi (Chevalier, 1966) ................................................................................................................... 26 Coenosmilia arbuscula Pourtalès, 1874 .................................................................................................................... 27 Heterocyathus antoniae, new species ........................................................................................................................ 27 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................. 29 References ......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix 1. Station list...................................................................................................................................................... 35 Accepted by C. Wallace: 3 Sep. 2009; published: 12 Oct. 2009 1 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Abstract The family Caryophylliidae comprises the highest diversity of hard corals (Order Scleractinia), represented by more than 300 species around the world. More than 90% are non-symbiotic species (azooxanthellate), whereas less than 30 species are symbiotic (zooxanthellate) or facultative (apozooxanthellate) species. This paper includes 35 species (20 genera) of caryophylliids present in soft and hard bottoms of Colombian seas, which have been mainly collected through INVEMAR expeditions (between 10 and 500 m depth) during the last 10 years. Two new species are described, Stephanocyathus isabellae and Heterocyathus antoniae, the latter belonging to a genus previously known only from the Indian and Pacific oceans. Key words: Caryophylliidae; Colombian Caribbean; azooxanthellate coral; biodiversity; taxonomy Introduction Taxonomic inventories of azooxanthellate corals in the tropical western Atlantic are relatively well advanced. The majority of campaigns have been carried out in Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Yucatan, Great Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Barbados, and the Leeward Islands (Duerden 1902; Boschma 1953; Almy and Carrión-Torres 1963; Roos 1971; Beltrán-Torres and Carricart-Ganivet 1999; Cairns 1979; 1982; 2000). However, the southern and western Caribbean, including Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Nicaragua has been less studied. This information gap is remarkable considering the less survey effort in those areas. For instance, of the 1200 sampling stations where coral specimens have been collected throughout the tropical western Atlantic, only 50 sites were located in the Colombian Caribbean (~3.5%), and only 43 of the 129 azooxanthellate coral species were known from such areas before the year 2000. The first azooxanthellate coral species recorded for the Colombian Caribbean was Stephanocyathus nobilis (Moseley, 1873) [=