IMISCOE Research Series Olena Fedyuk Marta Kindler Editors Ukrainian Migration to the European Union Lessons from Migration Studies IMISCOE Research Series This series is the official book series of IMISCOE, the largest network of excellence on migration and diversity in the world. It comprises publications which present empirical and theoretical research on different aspects of international migration. The authors are all specialists, and the publications a rich source of information for researchers and others involved in international migration studies. The series is published under the editorial supervision of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee which includes leading scholars from all over Europe. The series, which contains more than eighty titles already, is internationally peer reviewed which ensures that the book published in this series continue to present excellent academic standards and scholarly quality. Most of the books are available open access. For information on how to submit a book proposal, please visit: http://www. imiscoe.org/publications/how-to-submit-a-book-proposal. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13502 Olena Fedyuk • Marta Kindler Editors Ukrainian Migration to the European Union Lessons from Migration Studies Editors Olena Fedyuk Marta Kindler Marie Curie Changing Employment ITN Centre of Migration Research University of Strathclyde University of Warsaw Glasgow, UK Warsaw, Poland ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic) IMISCOE Research Series ISBN 978-3-319-41774-5 ISBN 978-3-319-41776-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41776-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016953852 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. This book is published open access. 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Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland The original version of this book was revised. An erratum to this book can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41776-9_14 Foreword and Acknowledgements This book is the result of a collective activity. Beneath the visible road signs of edi- tors, authors and titles, there lies a collective history of scholarship and collabora- tion. This book is the outcome of five years of cooperation by international scholars and experts under the aegis of the International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe (IMISCOE) research cluster “Ukrainian migration to the European Union”. Several workshops preceded the publication of this book, start- ing with one on the current state of research on Ukrainian migration to the EU which took place during the 2011 IMISCOE annual conference. Our interest in Ukrainian migration has different roots, but there are some com- mon traits as well, particularly curiosity about mobility within Europe beyond the EU border zone. Additionally, both editors have experienced migration to the EU and overseas and have written doctoral theses, one at the Central European University and the other at the European University Viadrina, about Ukrainian women migrating to the domestic work sectors in Italy and in Poland. As the editors of the book, we would like to thank the institutions that have sup- ported its publication financially: the IMISCOE Research Network, the Centre of Migration Research at the University of Warsaw and the Marie Curie Changing Employment Initial Training Network. We thank all the contributors of this book for their patience and diligence during multiple rounds of revisions. For thoughtful comments on drafts of chapters, we are grateful to colleagues from the Centre of Migration Research. We are also thankful to the anonymous referees who have evaluated this manuscript. Finally, our thanks go to Keith Povey who has done an incredible language-editing job on the manuscript. Warsaw, Poland Marta Kindler Glasgow, UK Olena Fedyuk vii Contents 1 Migration of Ukrainians to the European Union: Background and Key Issues.................................................................... 1 Olena Fedyuk and Marta Kindler Part I Continuities and Changes in Ukrainian Migration: An Analytical Review of Literature 2 Ukrainian Migration Research Before and Since 1991........................ 17 Bastian Vollmer and Olena Malynovska 3 Economic Aspects of Ukrainian Migration to EU Countries............... 35 Olga Kupets 4 Regulating Movement of the Very Mobile: Selected Legal and Policy Aspects of Ukrainian Migration to EU Countries.............. 51 Monika Szulecka 5 The Gender Perspective in Ukrainian Migration................................. 73 Olena Fedyuk 6 The Temporary Nature of Ukrainian Migration: Definitions, Determinants and Consequences............................................................ 91 Agata Górny and Marta Kindler Part II Ukrainian Migration to Selected EU Countries: Facts, Figures and the State of Literature 7 Ukrainian Migration to Poland: A “Local” Mobility?......................... 115 Zuzanna Brunarska, Marta Kindler, Monika Szulecka, and Sabina Toruńczyk-Ruiz ix x Contents 8 Ukrainians in the Czech Republic: On the Pathway from Temporary Foreign Workers to One of the Largest Minority Groups...................................................................................... 133 Yana Leontiyeva 9 Ukrainian Migration to Greece: from Irregular Work to Settlement, Family Reunification and Return........................ 151 Marina Nikolova and Michaela Maroufof 10 Migration of Ukrainian Nationals to Italy: Women on the Move.............................................................................................. 163 Francesca Alice Vianello 11 Migration of Ukrainian Nationals to Portugal: The Visibility of a New Migration Landscape....................................... 179 Maria Lucinda Fonseca and Sónia Pereira 12 Research on Ukrainian Migration to Spain: Moving Beyond the Exploratory Approach....................................................................... 193 Mikołaj Stanek, Renáta Hosnedlová, and Elisa Brey 13 Theorizing the Ukrainian Case: Pushing the Boundaries of Migration Studies Through a Europe–US Comparison................... 215 Cinzia D. Solari Erratum............................................................................................................ E1 Index.................................................................................................................. 229 Chapter 1 Migration of Ukrainians to the European Union: Background and Key Issues Olena Fedyuk and Marta Kindler 1.1 Introduction Ukrainians form one of the largest groups of all third-country nationals living and working in the European Union (EU), yet in the contemporary research environ- ment, their migration to the EU goes unnoticed, and Ukrainians are seen mainly as one of the “migrant groups” in studies concerning Central and Eastern European migrants. Why has this subject been studied so little? Or has it been studied, but without stirring wider public or political interest? This volume brings together a team of scholars from a range of disciplines to trace the dynamics of Ukrainian migration and its research over the last three decades and to provide a comprehen- sive overview of the available literature on Ukrainian migration to the EU. Ukrainian migration to the EU is interesting for contemporary migration studies for four reasons. First, it is the largest of all post-USSR migratory movements to the EU and thus a trend-setter for migrants from the post-Soviet space, who use their experience of the Soviet past as a form of social capital in migration. Second, with over 300,000 first residence permits issued to nationals of Ukraine in 2014,1 they provide a valuable case for comparative studies