\y EDITED BY DAVID M. WILSON THE NORTHERN WORLD THE HISTORY AND HERITAGE OF NORTHERN EUROPE AD 400-1100 TEXTS BY CHRISTINE E. FELL • H. AMENT • CATHERINE HILLS JAMES GRAHAM-CAMPBELL • ELSE ROESDAHL DAVID M. WILSON • JOACHIM HERRMANN JORANMJOBERG with 340 illustrations, 82 in colour, 2j 8 photographs drawings and maps T&H THAMES AND HUDSON CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DAVID M. WILSON Director, The British Museum, London PAGE 9 1 GODS AND HEROES OF THE NORTHERN WORLD CHRISTINE E. FELL Reader in English Studies, Nottingham University The realm of Thor • Odin, the All-father • Tyr, Frey and Freyja The gods in folklore • Worlds of the living and the dead Weland the smith • The story of Sigurd The heroic ethos PAGE I 5 2 THE GERMANIC TRIBES IN EUROPE H. AMENT Professor of European Archaeology, Freie Universitat, Berlin Six tribes: the Franks, Alemanni, Burgundians, Visigoths, Saxons Thuringians • The Merovingian kingdom • The social order Community and economic life • Paganism and Christianity PAGE 49 3 THE ANGLO-SAXON SETTLEMENT OF ENGLAND CATHERINE HILLS Assistant Lecturer in Post-Roman Archaeology, Cambridge University Angles, Saxons and Jutes • Migration and settlement The Anglo-Saxon village • Provision for death: the cemeteries Augustine's mission • The formation of the English state PAGE 71 4 THE CELTIC CONTRIBUTION: PICTS, SCOTS, IRISH AND WELSH JAMES GRAHAM-CAMPBELL Lecturer in Medieval Archaeology, University College, London Ireland: beyond the Roman Empire • An artistic flowering • Dalriada, kingdom of the Scots • 'The Painted Men' • North Britons Wales and the Irish • The realm of King Mark Survivals and revivals PAGE 9 5 5 THE SCANDINAVIANS AT HOME ELSE ROESDAHL Lecturer in Medieval Archaeology, Aarhus Universitet, Denmark The Germanic Iron Age • Wealth and war • Stories in stone The graves of Vendel • Ribe, Hedeby and the Danevirke • The rise of the Vikings • The new faith PAGE 129 6 THE VIKING ADVENTURE DAVID M. WILSON Director, The British Museum, London Raiders from the north • The route to Byzantium • The settlement of England • The Celtic west • Knut the Great, king of Denmark and England • Lands of mists and monsters • Vinland the Good • The Viking heritage PAGE I 5 9 7 THE NORTHERN SLAVS JOACHIM HERRMANN Director, Zentralinstitut fur Alte Geschichte und Archaologie, Berlin Changing structures • A land of forts • 'The way from the Varangians to the Greeks' • Trade and culture • North-western Slavs and the Germans PAGE 183 8 ROMANTICISM AND REVIVAL JORAN MJOBERG Reader in Comparative Literature, Vaxjo University College, Sweden Sagas reborn • Gods and men • The roots of Romanticism • Images of Nordic antiquity • Odin or Christ ? • Political idealism in old Nordic disguise • Today's perspective PAGE 207 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE 239 SOURCES OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE 239 INDEX PAGE 243.