UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SOAS THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE 65-86/684-705 (A POLITICAL STUDY) by f Abd Al-Ameer 1 Abd Dixon Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoso] August 1969 ProQuest Number: 10731674 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731674 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2. ABSTRACT This thesis is a political study of the Umayyad Caliphate during the reign of f Abd a I -M a lik ibn Marwan, 6 5 -8 6 /6 8 4 -7 0 5 . The first chapter deals with the po litical, social and religious background of ‘ Abd al-M alik, and relates this to his later policy on becoming caliph. Chapter II is devoted to the ‘ Alid opposition of the period, i.e . the revolt of al-Mukhtar ibn Abi ‘ Ubaid al-Thaqafi, and its nature, causes and consequences. The ‘ Asabiyya(tribal feuds), a dominant phenomenon of the Umayyad period, is examined in the third chapter. An attempt is made to throw light on its causes, and on the policies adopted by ‘ Abd al-M alik to contain it. The fourth chapter is concerned with the civil war between Abd al-Malik and Ibn al-Zubair. The underlying factors leading the people of a l-H ija z to support Ibn al-Zubair are examined, to elucidate the nature of the Zubairid opposition movement in general. Chapter V deals with the revolts of Ibn al-Jarud, and of the Zanj; the insurrection of the Azd in ‘ Uman; and the far more dangerous revolt of ‘ Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ash‘ ath. These revolts are compared to see if they spring from similar discontents, and whether they are in response to the policies of al -H a jja j. Chapter VI treats the Kharijite movement, which reached its height of activity in this period, in its political aspect, as a source of opposition to ‘ Abd al-Malik's caliphate. The minor, scattered revolts are described as well as the better-known major Kharijite revolts. This chapter also examines the link between the revolt of M u tarrif ibn al-M ughira, and the movement of Shabib ibn Yazid and the Kharijites in general. ACK N OW LE D GEME NTS In the first place I should like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Bernard Lewis, to whose invaluable learned guidance, help and encouragement throughout all the years of my study, I owe a great deal* I am also greatly indebted to Miss Susan Wallis for her help in translating some French and German Works; and to M r* A* A I.K h a tib for making some Arabic books available to me* Thanks are also due to the staff of the libraries of S. O , A . S., the British Museum, the Senate House, the India Office and the Royal Asiatic Society for their ready help. I should also like to thank the libraries of Ayasofya, Ahmet III, Istanbul; a l-Z a h iriy a , Damascus; the Bodleian, Oxford; the Chester Beatty, Dublin; the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris and Stiftung Preuss Kulturbesitz, Tubingen, for providing me with photographs of different manuscripts. Finally, I thank my family and all my friends, for their unfailing support and encouragement. A. A. 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