HISTORICAL REVIEW THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS, 2001-2004 BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, JR., Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville TRUSTEES, 1999-2002 CHARLES B. BROWN, Kennett W. GRANT MCMURRAY, Independence DONNA J. HUSTON, Marshall THOMAS L. MILLER, SR., Washington JAMES R. MAYO, Bloomfield PHEBE ANN WILLIAMS, Kirkwood TRUSTEES, 2000-2003 JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia DALE REESMAN, Boonville TRUSTEES, 2001-2004 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield DICK FRANKLIN, Independence W. H. (BERT) BATES, Kansas City VIRGINIA LAAS, Joplin CHARLES R. BROWN, St. Louis EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA F. BURK, Kirksville JAMES R. REINHARD, Hannibal EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti­ tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia, Chairman JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia DICK FRANKLIN, Independence MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XCVI, NUMBER 3 APRIL 2002 JAMES W. GOODRICH LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor RHIANNON SOUTH WORTH Information Specialist The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Receipt of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is a benefit of membership in the State Historical Society of Missouri. Phone (573) 882-7083; fax (573) 884-4950; e-mail <[email protected]>; web site <www.system.missouri.edu/shs>. Periodicals postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 2002 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: Born in St. Louis in 1880, painter and muralist Frank B. Nuderscher was a versatile artist who received little formal training. He was best known for St. Louis cityscapes and landscape views of the Ozarks, particularly the Arcadia Valley. In 1904 he received first prize from the St. Louis Artists' Guild for a painting of Eads Bridge. After two decades of painting St. Louis commercial and residential scenes, he moved to Arcadia in the 1920s. There he painted and directed the Ozark School of Art. Nuderscher's Artery of Trade mural, which depicts Eads Bridge, is one of the lunettes in the Missouri State Capitol. The artist died in 1959. The Nuderscher oil painting on the cover, titled Sunny Afternoon (20" x 24"), is a recent gift to the Society from Adolf and Rebecca Schroeder. EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con­ sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed., also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts on disk, preferably in Microsoft Word. Two hard copies still are required. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for accept­ ance and publication. Manuscripts, exclusive of footnotes, should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Missouri Historical Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The fournal of American Histoty. Manuscript submissions should be addressed to Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN ALAN R. HAVIG University of Missouri-Rolla Stephens College Columbia WILLIAM E. FOLEY VIRGINIA J. LAAS Central Missouri State University Missouri Southern State College Warrensburg Joplin SUSAN M. HARTMANN DAVID D. MARCH Ohio State University Kirksville Columbus ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia CONTENTS "A FRIEND OF THE ENEMY": FEDERAL EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS DISLOYALTY IN ST. LOUIS DURING THE CIVIL WAR. By Louis S. Gerteis. 165 PENDERGAST VS. STARK: POLITICS, PATRONAGE, AND THE 1938 SUPREME COURT DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY. By Patrick McLear. 188 "BUTCHERIN' UP THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE A LITTLE BIT": DIZZY DEAN, BASEBALL BROADCASTING, AND THE "SCHOOL MARMS' UPRISING" OF 1946. By Patrick Huber and David Anderson. 211 NEWS IN BRIEF 232 MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS 234 MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES 240 GRADUATE THESES RELATING TO MISSOURI HISTORY, 2001 246 BOOK REVIEWS 247 Phillips, Christopher. Missouri s Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border West. Reviewed by Louis S. Gerteis. Triplet, William S. Edited with introductions by Robert H. Ferrell. A Youth in the Meuse-Argonne: A Memoir, 1917- 1918; A Colonel in the Armored Divisions: A Memoir, 1941-1945; In the Philippines and Okinawa: A Memoir, 1945-1948. Reviewed by Leslie Anders. Gooch, John O. Circuit Riders to Crusades: Essays in Missouri Methodist History. Reviewed by John Wigger. BOOK NOTES 253 Brandt, Thompson A., ed. Harry S. Truman s Musical Letters. Hauser, Heinrich. My Farm on the Mississippi: The Story of a German in Missouri, 1945-1948. Brophy, Patrick, ed. With Plow and Pen: The Diary of John G. Dryden, 1856-1883. St. Marys of the Angels Parish History, Wien, Mo., 1876- 2001. Jackson, David W., ed. Direct Your Letters to San Jose: The California Gold Rush Letters and Diary of James and David Lee Campbell, 1849-1852. Wright, John A., Sr. The Ville, St. Louis. Pavlige, Betty. Soulards Second Century. Tinling, Marion. Sacagawea s Son: The Life of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. Cobb, Vickie Layton. Taney County, Missouri. WITH PEN OR CRAYON . Inside back cover K< ::is i m "-~" ' 3^ ' ^ Bsjl|l^gSpr?- : _ —^_^ if* 4jj]| wk /*Plf ^Ri^ Sfli Jm>',;»« U • *•- Lis ' f\' i 5 • ! V< • Y ilM ,: I^^H If -A i^^iiii^^^E^''ii; J *•* ^Aiftff^B*^P^' 4 M j^-^ggyjijM prl IIIOHHH iwill^^ ^j§§ik wm ll^g- ^I^HBB^^^^- 1 •*?pr: ^^^^••Rr\' It -ill State Historical Society of Missouri The Provost Marshals Office in St. Louis "A Friend of the Enemy": Federal Efforts to Suppress Disloyalty in St. Louis During the Civil War BY LOUIS S. GERTEIS* During the Civil War, federal forces in St. Louis struggled continually, and often vainly, to suppress disloyalty. Dissident activity in the city direct­ ly challenged federal authority. Even the expression of disloyal opinion, because it hinted at covert conspiracy, raised the ire of federal authorities. President Abraham Lincoln understood from the outset of the secessionist cri­ sis that the restoration of the Union required the suppression of disloyalty in St. Louis. But as Lincoln and his military commanders in the city repeatedly discovered, efforts to check disloyalty unavoidably challenged the tradition of civilian government and civil liberties in the United States: the fight to pre­ serve the Union could easily destroy the republic. Nowhere did federal forces face this dilemma with greater complexity and urgency than in St. Louis. *Louis S. Gerteis is a professor of history at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. He received the M.A. degree and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. This article is adapted from chapter six of Civil War St. Louis, by Louis S. Gerteis, copy­ right 2001 by the University Press of Kansas. Used by permission of the publisher. 165 166 Missouri Historical Review Edward Bates, a St. Louis lawyer chosen by Lincoln to be his attorney general, understood the urgency of the matter and soon discovered its com­ plexity as well. In June 1861, Bates secured the appointment of James O. Broadhead as assistant district attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri and instructed him to prosecute "offenders