UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS ) AMERICAN WATERWAYS OPERATORS, ) INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ) INDEPENDENT TANKER OWNERS, CHAMBER OF SHIPPING OF AMERICA, ) INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF ) SHIPPING, and INTERNATIONAL GROUP ) OF P&I CLUBS, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) Civil Action No. 10-10584 DPW ) v. ) DEVAL PATRICK, in his capacity as ) Governor of Massachusetts; and LAURIE ) BURT, in her capacity as Commissioner of the ) Massachusetts Department of Environmental ) Protection, ) ) Defendants. ) MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT George J. Skelly (No. 546797) C. Jonathan Benner (pro hac vice) NIXON PEABODY LLP Jeffrey Orenstein (pro hac vice) 100 Summer Street REED SMITH LLP Boston, MA 02110 1301 K Street, N.W., Suite 1100 Telephone: 617-345-1000 Washington, DC 20005-3373 Facsimile: 866-294-7517 Telephone: 202-414-9200 [email protected] Facsimile: 202-414-9299 [email protected] [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................3 I. Massachusetts Initiatives to Regulate Tank Vessels.......................................................3 II. The 2009 Act.......................................................................................................................5 ARGUMENT..................................................................................................................................6 I. Standard for Summary Judgment ...................................................................................6 A. Rule 56(c) ................................................................................................................6 B. There Are No Material Facts in Dispute..............................................................7 II. Controlling Preemption Principles...................................................................................8 A. General Preemption Principles.............................................................................8 B. Ray-Locke Framework of PWSA Preemption.....................................................9 III. Federal Law Preempts the 2009 Act ..............................................................................11 A. The 2009 Act’s Indirect Regulation of Preempted Subject Matters Violates the Supremacy Clause..........................................................................11 B. The 2009 Act’s State Pilot Provisions Are Preempted .....................................16 1. 46 U.S.C. § 8501(d) Expressly Preempts the Commonwealth’s State Pilot Rules .......................................................................................16 2. The Commonwealth’s State Pilot Rule is Preempted by Coast Guard Regulations...................................................................................20 C. The 2009 Act’s Notification Provisions Are Preempted...................................22 D. The 2009 Act’s Tug Escort Provisions Are Preempted....................................26 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................30 - i - TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases 520 S. Mich. Ave. Assocs., Ltd. v. Shannon, 549 F.3d 1119 (7th Cir. 2008) .................................................................................................. 12 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986).................................................................................................................... 6 Anderson v. Pac. Coast S.S. Co., 225 U.S. 187 (1912).................................................................................................................. 17 California Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n. v. Guerra, 479 U.S. 272 (1987).................................................................................................................... 8 City of New York v. FCC, 486 U.S. 57 (1988)...................................................................................................................... 8 Central Valley Chrysler-Plymouth v. Calf. Air Resources Bd., No. CV-F-02-5017, 2002 WL 34499459 (E.D. Cal. June 11, 2002)........................................ 14 Charleston & Western Carolina Ry. Co. v. Varnville Furniture Co., 237 U.S. 597 (1915).................................................................................................................. 25 City of Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal Inc., 411 U.S. 624 (1973).................................................................................................................... 9 Crowley Marine Serv., Inc. v. Maritrans, Inc., 530 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2008) .................................................................................................. 28 Dakota, Minn. & E. R.R. Corp. v. S. Dakota, 236 F. Supp.2d 989 (D.S.D. 2002) ........................................................................................... 12 Davis v. Barge “TMT” Jacksonville, 484 F. Supp. 52 (M.D. Fla. 1979)............................................................................................. 17 Fidelity Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. De La Cuesta, 458 U.S. 141 (1982).................................................................................................................... 9 Gade v. Nat’l Solid Wastes Mgmt. Ass’n., 505 U.S. 88 (1992)...................................................................................................................... 9 Grafton & Upton R.R. Co. v. Town of Milford, 337 F. Supp. 2d 233 (D. Mass. 2004)....................................................................................... 12 Hillsborough Cty Fla. V. Automated Med. Labs., 471 U.S. 707 (1985).................................................................................................................... 8 - ii - Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 (1941)...................................................................................................................... 9 Jackson v. Marine Exploration Co., Inc., 583 F.2d 1336 (5th Cir. 1978) ............................................................................................ 17, 18 Law v. National Collegiate Athletic Ass'n, 134 F.3d 1438 (10th Cir. 1998) ................................................................................................ 16 Louisiana Pub. Serv. Comm'n v. FCC, 476 U.S. 355 (1986).................................................................................................................... 8 Nebraska v. Wyoming, 507 U.S. 584 (1993).................................................................................................................... 6 New York State Conf. of Blue Cross & Blue Shield Plans v. Travelers Ins. Co., 668 U.S. 645 (1995).................................................................................................................. 12 Osprey Ship Management, Inc. v. Foster, No. 1:05CV390, 2008 WL 4371376 (S.D. Miss. Sept. 18, 2008)............................................ 19 Pac. Gas & Elec. Co. v. State Energy Res. Conservation & Dev. Comm’n, 461 U.S. 190 (1983).................................................................................................................... 9 Ray v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 435 U.S. 151 (1978).......................................................................................................... passim Seaboard Tug & Barge, Inc. v. Rederi AB/Disa, 213 F.2d 772 (1st Cr. 1954)...................................................................................................... 28 State of Kansas ex rel. Todd v. United States, 995 F.2d 1505 (10th Cir. 1993) ................................................................................................ 12 Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. v. State Oil & Gas Bd., 474 U.S. 409 (1986).................................................................................................................. 12 United States v. Massachusetts, 440 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D. Mass 2006)................................................................................... passim United States v. Massachusetts, 724 F. Supp. 2d 170 (D. Mass 2010)................................................................................. passim United States v. Massachusetts, 493 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007).................................................................................................. passim United States v. R. I. Insurers’ Insolvency Fund, 80 F.3d 616 (1st Cir. 1996)......................................................................................................... 7 - iii - United States v. Locke, 529 U.S. 89 (2000)............................................................................................................. passim Federal Constitution & Statutes U.S. CONST. ART. VI § 1, cl. 2 ........................................................................................................ 8 33 U.S.C. § 1223(a) ........................................................................................................................ 9 33 U.S.C. §§ 1121-1236 ................................................................................................................. 1 33 U.S.C. § 2701, et seq...............................................................................................................