BENGAL .DISTRICT GAZETTEERS, ----4---- NADIA. [Price— In India, Us. S ;*in JSngfand, is. 6d] % | . 7 M IS 2 0 0 8 BY J. H. E. GARRETT, INDIAK CI?1£ BEE VICE. BENGAL SECRETARIAT BO ftE . DEPOT. PLA» OF CONTENTS p a g e s . Chapter. 1 — 21 P h y s ic a l A s p e c t s • I. 22 — 38 II. H is t o r y • . 39 — 56 III. T h e P e o p l e .•••’ * . 5? — 66 IV. P u b l ic H e a l t h . *# • . J37 - 7 3 ^ rxculturb • V. 74 —*84 N atural Qalamities . VI.' . 82 — 90 B e n t s , W a g e s a n d P r ic e s - • • "VII. 91 — 96 O c c u p a t io n s , M anufactures a n t . T r a d e s VIII. 97— 103 M e a n s o f C ommunication - IX. 104— 114 L iN D R e v e n u e A dministration . X. 115— 121 G e n e r a l A dministration XI. * .1 2 2 -1 2 9 L o c a l S e l f -G o v e r n m e n t . XII. 130=—135 XIII. E d u c a t io n . 136-^148 C h r i s t i a n M is s io n s XIV. 149— 16^ XV. T h e N a d ia . K a .i • . 164— 194 G a z e t t e e r XVI. tfMM . 195— 19$ iN D fiX BPATC LIBRARY ^ Aooewtm No. ' T S P b d li« No. Source; Cort; TABLE OF CONTENTS. C H A P T E R I. PHYSICAL ASPECTS. krai. Desobiption—Boundaries—Natural Configuration— Riyeb System — Padma—Jalangi— Bhairab— Bhagirathi— jfatabhanga—Churni— Ichha- mati— Kabadak—Qarai—“ Nadia Rivees” — Embankments—Lakes and Mabshes —Geology—Botany—Fauna—Climate—Rainball ...1 _ 21 CHAPTER II. HISTORY. ly Histoez—Tho Sen Dynasty—Early Muhammadan Rule—Mdohal Rule—Revolt oe Sitaram Rai—Subsequent Histoey—First Colleo- tor of Nadia—Lawlessness in beginning of Eighteenth Century—The Mutiny—Indigo—N adia as a L iterary Centre ... ... 28—38 CHAPTER III. THE PEOPLE. JATIOHS IN Population—Census ob 1901— Density of Population— Towns and Villages—Immigration— Emigration—Language—R eligions— Hindus— Hindu Castes—Kaibarttas—Ahir and Goala— Brahmans— Bagdis—Muchis—Namasudras, Chandals—Kayasthas— Malos—Hindu Sects—Kartabhajas— Vaisbnavas—Muhammadans—Muhui*1-t' idun Classes—Cheistians—Social Chabaotebistios—Food—Clfthing— Houses—Amusements—Festivals ... ... 39— 56 CHAPTER IV. \ PUBLIC HEALTH. jBHAii Conditions—Wateb-Supply—Pbikoipal Diseases-; Fever— Cholera—Other Diseases and Infirmities—Medioai- 1 vbtitutions—Vac* o in a t io n ... ... ... ... ... 67—66 X TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. AGRICULTURE. General C onditions—P rincipal Cbops—Autumn Bice cr Aus—'Venter Rice or Aman—Jute—Babi crops— Other crops— Cultivation generally— RaikbaUi—C a ttle—Other Domestic animals-*-Veterinary w obk ... 67— CHAPTER VI. NATURAL CALAMITIES. Floods—Famines—Famine of 1866-*-Famine of 1874—Famine of 1897— Distress of 1908 ... ... ... ••• ••• M CHAPTER VII. RENTS, WAGES AND PRICES. Kents—Rents of 1786— Rents of 1872—Current JKents— waqes—Prices— Matbeiaxi Condition op the People ... ... ... 82 — CHAPTER VIII. OCCUPATIONS, MANUFACTURES AND TRADES. OooupatA ns—Manufactures—Cotton-weaving'— Brass-ware —Sugar Manu­ facture— Minor Manufactures—Fisheries—T rade—Trading Classes— Trade Centres—Trade Routes ... ... 91—! CHAPTER IX. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. G en ebal Co n d itio n s —Water Communications*—Railways-4—Roads— Ferries — Postil Communications ,,t ... ... 97—li CHAPTER X . LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION. R e v e n u e Hisiolfr— Early Settlements—Decennial Settlement— Permanent Settlement—L a n d TEumtts—Estates—Tenures—Patni Taluks— Utbandi Tenure ... ... ...104—1 TABL,E o f c o n t e n t s . xi CHAPTER XI. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION. riSTEATiy? Chabsbs.and Staff—Rh v e n u e —Land Revenue__Ceases ■— :amps—Excise -Income-Tax—Registration—Adminjstbation oe J us. ob—Civil Justice—Criminal Justice—Poliee—Crime—Jails .. 115—121 CHAPTEE XII. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT. o t Boabd—Local Boards—Union Committees— M unicipalities — •ishnagar—Santipur—Rauaghat—Nabadwip—Kushtia— Kumarkhali— slierpur—Bfftiagar—Chakdaha ... ... ... ... 122^-12!) CHAPTER XIIT EDUCATION. !ss o f Education —Co l l e g ia te E d u c a t io n —Sec o n d a b y E d u o a - on—P b im a b y E ducation—F e m a l e E d u c a t io n —T e c h n ic a l E d u c a - in —1T r a i n i n g Schools—Mu h a m m a d a n E ducation—-Sa n s k r it iuoation—L ib b a b ib s an d N e w s p a p e r s ... ... ... 130—135 CHA-PT BE X IV . CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. t M is sio n a r y So ciety—R an a &h a t M e d ic a l M issio n — k o m a n rHOLic M is sio n ... ... ... ... 18S—148 CHAPTER XV. \ Xii TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. GAZETTEER. A m g h a t a — G a n g a v a s —A i a n g h a t a —B a g u l a —B a m a k p u k u b —B i e n J g a e — C h a k d a h a —C h a p e a —C h u a d a n g a S u b d i v i s i o n —C h u a d a n g a —D a m u k - DIA—G h OSHPABA—CHUBN t— GOSAIN-DnEGAPUB— H a NSKHAH—K a NCHBA- p a b a —K a p a s d a n g a —K h o k s a —K b i s h n a g a e S u b d i v i s i o n —K b i s h n a g a e —K c i i I—K u m a e k h a l i —K u s h t i a S c b d j v i s i o n —K u s h t i a —M e h e r p u b S u b d i v i s i o n —M e h e e p u e —M u e a g a o h h a —N a d i a o b N a b a d w i p —P l a s - SBY—POBADAH—RS n AGHAT SUBDiYISION— BANAGHAT— RATNAPUB— SlN - t i p u b —Sib n ib a s -S w aeu pg an J 164- OFFICIAL AGENTS FOE1 THE SALE OF GOVEBNMENT PUBLICATIONS. In India. M e s s r s . T h a c k e r , S p i n k & Co., Calcutta and Simla. M is s e s . N bjfm an A Co., Calcutta. M esses. H igginbotham A C o ., Madras. M e s s e s . T h a c k e b & C o ., Ld., B o m b a y . M e sse s. A . J. C o m b b id g e & Co., Bombay.' ^ h e S upebintendent , A m e e io a n Ba p t is t M rssio N P r ess, Kan goon. M e ITB a j h ia b a i A t m a b a m S a g o o n , B om b a y . M esse ?. B . Ca m b b a y & Co'., Calcutta. B a i S a h i b M. G u l a b S in g h & S o n s , Proprietors of the Mufid-i-am Press, Lahore, Punjab. * MSssbs.' T h o m p s o n A Co., Madras. M esses..S. M ejbthy & Co., Madras. M e s s b s . G o p a l N a b a y e n & Co., Bombay. M e s se s. B . B a n e e j e e & Co., 25,‘ Cornwallis Street, Calcutta. M e s s e s. S. K . L a h ie i & Co., Printers and Booksellers, College Street, Calcutta. M e s se s . V. K a l y a n a b a m a I y e b & Co., Booksellers, &c., Madras. M e s se s. D. B. T aea-p o e e t a l I , S ons A Co., Booksellers, Bombay. M esses. G. A. N a t e s a n A Co., Madras. ’ Mji-.N. B. M a t h u e , Supe'rintendent, Nazair Kanum Hincr Press, , Allahabad. T h e C a l c u t t a S c h o o l B o o k S o c ie t y ,, M b . S o n d e e P a n d u b a n g , Bombay. M e sse s . A. M . a n d J. F e b g u s o n , C eylon . Mfissss. T e m p l e & C o ., Madras. Messer. C o m b e id g e & Co'., Madras. M e s sb s . A. Chand & Co., Lahore. B a b u S. C. T a lu k jv ^b , Proprietor, Students A.Co., Cooch Behar.