Index 8 Mile 78,118 alcohol viii, 86 Alexander the Great 150 Access Hollywood 151 Ali Baba story 112–13 AC/DC 105 Ali G character 78–9 action 40, 53, 54, 61 Alien 30, 31 action adventure fi lms 123 alienation 90, 114, 118 Adarsha Dampathigalu 177, 178 Alka-Seltzer 101 adolescence 43–4, 90, 114, Althusser, Louis 52 154–5 Amazon Basin 171 advertisements America, South 165–6 celebrity 151–2 American, as concept 59, 60–1, 79 China 100–1 American dream 139 clothing 95–6 Americanization of taste 171 consumer culture 99–100 anarchism 3, 63, 89, 92 ethnicity 75–6, 81 Anglo-Americans 75 Fairness Doctrine 10 see also WASPs fantasy 100 Animal House 142 gay-derogatory expressions 35 Aniston, Jennifer 152, 156 misappropriating music 111 anti-authoritarianism 63–4, 175 public space 29 Anti-Christ 46–7 Reagan 49, 52n1 anti-exception argument 6, 7 targeting 75, 81 anti-intellectual stance 66 visual design 100 anti-materialism 63 aesthetics COPYRIGHTEDix, 98, 171 Anyon, MATERIAL Jean 82 affect 29, 154 Apocalypse Now 49–51 Africa 7, 32, 71, 163, 172–3 Apostrophe 5 AfterEllen.com 35 Apu Trilogy (Ray) 2 Aggleton, Peter 39 Arab people 19, 42, 123, 127 Aguilera, Christina 116 architecture vii, 16, 17–18, 20 AIDS 32, 151 see also built environment Index 181 Arellano, Gustavo 81 Blacks Argentina 123 conservatives on 49 Aristotle 150 high blood pressure 72 Armenians 72 hip hop 77–8 art ix, 1–2 music 110, 117 Ashbery, John 107 poverty 49 Asia 7, 29, 71, 172–3 racist ideology 40 Asian Americans 73–5 rhythm and blues 77 assertiveness 28 stereotypes 74 AT&T advertisement 75 youth community 79–80 attachment 153, 154–5 blockbuster fi lms 2 audience 1, 2 blood-lines 42 Aufderheide, Pat 11 Blue Velvet 142 authoritarianism 44, 46, 88, 175 Blunt, Alison 25 avant-garde 1–2, 3 body 105–6, 107–8, 120 Axe body spray 102 body culture 161, 162 body piercing ix, 166 Bakhtin, Mikhail 59 body shape 162, 163 Ban Ki-moon 131 body-building 162 Banton, Buju 35 bohemian movement viii–ix, 91–2 Barak, Ehud 131 Bollywood 176 Barbie Girls 78 Bonaparte, Napoleon 150–1 Barbosa, Regina Maria 39 Booth, Wayne 59 Barker, Hugh 121 Boston 17 Barthes, Roland 104 bourgeois culture viii, 92 Basic Instinct 142 Brackett, David 121 Batman, Joker character 3 breadwinner role 31–2, 33 Beatles 110 break dancing 77 beatniks 109 breasts 162–3 beauty 26, 102, 161, 163–4, 176 Bretonne 13 Beckham, David 100 bricolage 111 behavior vii, 43 Bridget Jones’ Diary 32 learned 26, 27, 28 Britain 88, 111, 175–6, 177 Benedict XVI, Pope 107 British Broadcasting Corporation 3, Bennett, Andy 121 153 bingo hall experience 165 broadcast band 9 Binkley, Sam 169 Brooklyn Bridge 166 bisexuality 28 Bryan, William Jennings 151 Bitzer, Lloyd 59 Buell, Greg 119 Black, Edwin 59 built environment vii, 12, 15, 166 Black Girl 173–4 bullying 36 Blackness, acquiring 79 Bundy, Tom 30–1 182 Index Burke, Kenneth 59–60, 61, 63, 69 institutions 13 bus ride experience 165 Internet 172 Bush, George W. 45, 56 national culture 170 business world 161–2 obedience 44 patriarchy 44 call centers 176 wall posters 122–3 cameras 142–3 writing 13 Cameroon, fi lm from 32 young people 43–4 Canada 35, 126–9, 130–2 Christian symbols 17, 18 capitalism 46, 108, 139 Christianity, evangelical 45, 46 capitalisms, types Chungking Express 179 consumer 62, 63, 145 Cicero 122 cowboy vii citizenship 72 family-based 17–18 Clark, Sally 93 free market 42–3 Clash 89 individualist 158 class 44–5, 47, 71, 80, 96, 119 Cappett, Karl 169 class ladder 44 captains’ houses 20 class relations 23–4 Caribbeans 13 class warfare 40, 49 Carrithers, Michael 69 Clinton, Bill 53 cars 16, 166 Clinton, Hillary 53–4, 83, 107 Cashmore, Ellis 159 clothing viii–ix casinos 23, 24 advertisements 95–6 caste system 175, 177 brands 96 celebrity creativity 99 advertising revenue 151–2 culture 83 attachment 153, 154–5 functionality 94, 98 freedom of movement 155 group solidarity 96, 97 gossip on 156, 159 identity 37, 95 identifi cation 152–3 metaphor for love 38 media 150–2, 155–6 punk style 99 celebrity discourse 157 rank 95–6 censorship 88 symbolism 94–5 charisma 150 wealth differentials 98–9 chick lit 31, 32 see also dress code China CNN 11, 42, 132–3 advertisements 100–1 cognition 29, 40, 42 agricultural production 13 Cohen, Sacha Baron 78–9 authoritarianism 175 Colombia 163 communism 100–1 colonialism 172–3 consumer culture 100 comic books 141 Cultural Revolution 123 commodities 99 Index 183 common good 44 cultural artifacts vii–viii, 4 communication 122, 138, 172 cultural geography 12–13, 25 communications media 150 cultural history 16 communism 48, 100–1, 136–7 cultural imperialism 174–5 community 22, 23–4, 58, 153–4, 169 cultural production 3–7, 42 competition 45 Cultural Revolution 123 composers/patrons 1 cultural signs 83, 84, 100 conditioning 34–5 cultural studies ix, x, 92–3, 174 Condry, Ian 121 Cultural Studies: An Anthology confi dence 161–2 (Ryan) x conglomerates, media 144–5 culture vi–x consciousness 43, 52 beauty 163–4 conservatives body shape 163 and Big Business 16, 66 built environment 15 authoritarianism 46 class 71 Fairness Doctrine 10 clothing 83 fi lm industry 2 diversity 8, 43 gun culture 46–7 emotion 72 healthcare 164 ethnicity 71–2, 73, 75 in media 124 government policy 3–7 Palin 64–5 heteronormativity 36 political agenda of 42 landscape 12, 14–15 racist ideology 40, 41, 49, 71 national 4, 170 Reagan 49–50 perspectives of 14 rural 45–7 physical/ideational 1 taxation 48 popular 32, 117 consubstantiality 59, 60, 63, 66 representation 29, 75 consumer culture 34, 44, 62, 99–100 transnational 170 cool, as concept 97–8, 166 culture industries 1–2, 7, 42 Coppola, Francis: Apocalypse Now Curran, James 179 49–51 Cosplay 88 Daily Mail 156 costume: see clothing Daily News 156 country music 114 DAM 112–13 Cower, Tyler 11 dancing 77, 78 Crane, Diana 104, 179 dating, programs on 174, 175 Crazy-A 78 Davila, Arlene M. 82 creativity vii, viii–ix, 99, 171 Davis, Fred 104 critical thinking 42, 45 Dawes Act 87 cross-dressing 28 De Man, Paul 59 Crystal, David 82 De Stael, Madame 151 Crystal Mall, New London 24 Decker, James 52 184 Index The Departed 178 El Salvador 49 deregulation of fi nancial markets 51 elections 53–4 Derrida, Jacques 59 Eling, Kim 11 Devereux, Eoin 135 elites 42, 46, 99, 170 Diana, Princess of Wales 151, 155 Elliot, Missy 111 differentiation/identifi cation 61, 75 Emerson, Lake, and Palmer 89 digital fi lm equipment 3 Eminem 77–8, 105, 117, 118, 119 Dikovitskaya, Margarita 148 Emo 89–91, 92, 93 Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge 177 emotion viii, 29–30, 72, 120, 148, discipline 45 154 disco 110 Enemy of the State 172 dishonor of family 29 English language 73 dissent 92–3 Eno, Brian 108 distractions 47 Ensemble, c’est tout 6–7 Dodge, Mabel 151 Entertainment Weekly 160 dominance equality 47–8 Anglo-Americans 75 see also inequality butch identity 28 ethnic groups 165 heterosexuality 27, 28–9, 35–7 body culture 161–2 narrative 139, 141 internal divisions 74–5 power 172 marginalization 114 WASPs 86–7 mobile signs 78–9 Dove campaign 102 music 77 dress code vii, viii, 94–5 New London 22–3 drugs viii, 22–3 pathology levels 73 Dylan, Bob 110 US schools 79 violence 72 Eastern Bloc 170–1 ethnicity 71–2, 73, 75–6, 81 Eastwood, Clint 141 European fi lms 5–6 economic liberalization 4–5 Europop 77 economic success 26, 33, 86, 156 evangelical Christianity 45, 46 economic downturn, in US 2, 48, 49 Evans, Caroline 104 see also Great Depression Ewick, Patricia 52 economics exceptionalism, cultural 4, 5, 6, 11 and consumer culture 99 exclusion 23, 72, 74 food 167 expatriate European fi lmmakers 6 and function 17 experience 65, 92, 107–8, 161–2 racialized 72 extralegal activity 51 editorial 133 Eyerman, Ron 52 educational achievement 73–4 egalitarianism 65, 114 Fab detergent advertisement 76 Egypt 175 fair trade 99 Eisenhart, Christopher 69 Fairness Doctrine 9–11 Index 185 Falling Down 73 gang culture 78, 80 family formation 34 gangstas 109 fantasy 100, 154, 155 ganguro style 78 fashion industry 97, 98, 99 gated communities 23 see also clothing gay men 28, 33, 36, 91, 110, 162 fatalism 45 Gelder, Ken 93 Federline, Kevin 158 gender Fein, Ellen 37 biological 26–7 femininity 31, 37, 115–16, 143–4 economic survival 33 feminism 143–4, 146–7 learned behavior 26, 27, 28 feudalism 44 performance 115–16 Fight Club 52, 62–4, 67, 147 power 27, 142 fi lm industry vii, viii, 2–3, 5–6, 8, sexuality 27, 39 146–7 stereotypes 144 see also Hollywood wealth accumulation 33, 34 fi nancial markets, deregulated 51 gender identity Firefl y 1 assertiveness 28 Fisher King myth 50 biology 26–7 Five Easy Pieces 2 clothing 37 Flashdance 78 conditioning 34–5 folk medicine 164 instability 31 food consumption 166–7 performance 35, 37, 115–16 Foote, Kenneth 25 gender politics 142 Forbes 95, 96 gender reassignment, surgical 28 foreign policy 50, 51 gender roles vi Forrest Gump 65 feminism 146–7 Foucault, Michel 59 Greece, ancient 16 Fox News 1, 10, 11, 68, 124, 132, 133, inverted 101, 120 134 learned/natural 37 France Palin 66 cultural identity 9 socialization 38 equality 47–8 genocide 72, 123 fi lm industry 4–5, 9 genre-blurring 111 indigenous cultural production 3–7 gentrifi cation 16, 24–5 population 7 Germany 46, 47, 67, 123 regional languages 13 gesture 122 socialism 48 Ghost Rider 7 Franks 13 girl groups 114 free market ideology 49 globalization 171, 172, 173, 176 free speech 11 Globe and Mail 130–1, 134 freedom 41, 44, 48–9, 175 The Godfather 2 Frith, Simon 121 gold jewelry 166 The Full Monty 107 Goldman, Emma 151 186 Index Google 172, 175 high blood pressure 72 Goth 89 high culture 86 Goulart, Ron 149 high schools 79–80 governance