H PH RS RASE BOOK, I L L U S T R A T I N G THE VARI OUS MEANI NGS AND USES VERBS AND PREPOSI TI ONS C O M B I N E D . THE REV E D M D HO GA N S . M . R . I . A . U N , J , ’ C LT C M N R A N D RO! L R S H C D M! S E I E! A I E , A I I A A E TODD P ROFESSO R OF T HE CE LTI C LAN G UAGES . D U B L I N : S U L L I V A N E R T H E R , 0 S A . T O M 8: LI M I T E D ( H CO . , ) , 2 6 A N D 2 7 M A R L B O R O U G H S T R E E T. I NTRODUCTI ON. I N E n li sh f g the direct object o a verb is in the accusative case, and all other cases attached to verbs are cons idered as indirect f L objects . But not un requently in atin and other languages the b b or indirect o ject (in the genitive, dative, a lative, preposi ti on al h case) , corresponds to the direct object in Englis , as ’ ‘ ’ lac u i t e p mihi, it pleased me parc populo, spare the people a ’ ‘ ’ I nuire la santé, to injure the health ; ich danke Ihnen, ’ ‘ ’ f or f a u f f . thank you er olgt mir er olgt mich, he ollows me So in Irish the indirect or prepositional cases are often used ‘ ’ s b where the English have the accu ative, as, eir air, catch him ; ‘ ’ ‘ ’ al tu i i m lé I . gab air, beat him ; g Dia, thank God This indirect b f w f f o ject, ollo ing verbs a ter the manner o the English direct object, is adequately dealt with in all grammars and dictionaries f except the Irish . Even the prepositional cases are ully treated, and the importance of prepositions in human speech finds due f h ou r who recognition rom all , save per aps Irish grammarians, treat these important little particles with unmerited neglect. ’ n e S - f of O s of . R hundred page Mr oby s Latin yntax, one ourth ’ “ ” A b L P I - Dr. bott s atin rose through English diom, one sixth ’ of Dr. Joyce s Grammar, are devoted to them . To the elucidation oftheir meanings and uses are given twenty b ’ ’ pages, and these the es t and most original of O Don ova n s f Grammar . His reasons or d w elling so much on that subject I . L b n b were est the meanings should ecome almost u intelligi le, if b e the language ceased to a spoken language ; 2 . Because the A C 2 INTRODU TION . 1 idiomatic meanin gs are not fully indicated in any Irish ‘ ' a l m ost zzzs u em él e ffi dictionary, and present p di culties to such as f attempt the study o the language . ! et w ffi , not ithstanding these almost insuperable di culties, ’ O Don ova n . 8 S a s says at p 4 ome verbs require a preposition, ’ ' ' ! a rr a r D /ua of l a b/za zr [é D on ma ll D , ask God , , speak to aniel ; but these forms must be learned by experience in this as in all ” ’ ’ other languages . O Do n o va n s excuse for neglecting this of I s f f ct essential part rish yntax has no oundation in a , since the r s of g ammar and dictionaries other languages such as Greek , L n n or f f ati , German and Fre ch , contain all, most o the in orma o on w hi l e a la s ! ti n required this matter ; , _ the Irish student is ‘ ’ e i ! e t condemned to pick it up by xper ence, in Irish the 0 o r 66 h prepositions are 33, or 5 , per cent more in use t an in f h the a oresaid languages ; and besides, in Irish more t an in those tongues the verb and preposition blend in a peculiar a nd manner, impart to each other and to their comb ination a f f I resh orce and significance. This will endeavour to Show by some statistics and examples 1 . f Ten passages, taken almost at random, rom various parts o I b n w of 08 f the rish Bi le, contai ords , which 5 are pre positions while the corresponding texts of five other versions 2 0 2 6 1 8 L contain only 3 3 English, 3 4 French , 3 German , 5 atin, 1 0 c r and 4 Greek prepositions . Hence it seems specially ne essa y to know the various and peculiar functions of these little Irish I particles , which play so large and lively a part in rish speech - as to form o n e sixth of Irish literature and conversation . 2 u r i e . O book will s how how verbs and prepos tions, wh n . I fe w combined, acquire a new significance here give only a ’ ’ Ru m e a r /zeusoz a i r o f I b I S instances . g f g the rish Bi le, amuel 1 i 1 . a I b o n o n h m xv , 35 , is liter lly, ore beard but it means in 1 ’ ’ O Don o va n s Gra a r . 2 0 he s hould ha e s a i d that the i di o a ti c mm , p 0 v m ea n i n s a re o i ndi c t d a t al m g n t a e l, I N TRODUCTI ON . 3 I b b Germ m f English , caught him y his eard in ich asste ihn ’ ‘ b h e l e a b L eim bart ; in Frenc , j pris par la b r e in the atin ‘ ’ a rehen deb a m b e u s . No d b o Bible , pp bar am j Mi dle Grade y, ‘ who knows the sig n ification of each word of the other ’ l n of a guages, would miss the meaning the whole ; whereas ‘ ’ o f s b the pupils the ame grade, guided y experience , gave w n t ~fiv ff of me t e y e di erent, and incorrect and amusing versions 1 f that phrase of four words . They could get no light rom dictionaries and grammars , though they might have guessed ’ ‘ the meaning from the context or from Dr. Joyce s Idiom ’ ru arm . g , he overtook them ‘ ’ Even ripe scholars do not learn by experience a l l ab out ’ l i sh To o f Co n th ese r idiomatic comb inations . say nothing al n o t I h ti n en t Celtologists, who have lived in an rish atmosp ere, A w ho Dr. tkinson , is widely and deeply read in Irish literature a sometimes misunderstands phrase, though he understands ' f. F r h i s a dm i ra bl o f every word thereo o example, in e edition ’ Kea ti n S f o f 8 1 ,> s Three ha ts Death, he twice, at pp . 3 5 9 , 3 , ’ ‘ ea i /za r a i r o f 6 h mistranslates g l t p. 9 . He renders it; it s all be ’ b b e e . ehaved to him , he shall tr ated The context shows that ‘ i t b m a l f n means he shall e treated and urther, that it sig ifies ‘ b ’ f S i to . L . e he shall be eaten , as the text re ers t uke, xi 4 7, wher ’ ‘ g éa b/ztfza r m or dn a i r (of the Irish Bib le) i s he shall b e b eaten ’ m th v . with any stripes, in e English ersion Many instances of ou r P - this not uncommon idiom are given in hrase Book . A ‘ ’ gain , who has learned more Irish by experience, who has S k . s ! et read , written and printed more than Mr Whitley to e ? ' he is puzzled in presence o f an old Irish gloss in which this ‘ I b h L I idiom occurs, and says, n this gloss, ot atin and rish are ’2 b rn e. o scure to I will attempt a translation , which I hope may “ hi s S P the : meet with approval . t . aul asks Corinthians Where l S ee Re or to the B o a rd o f I n te r edi a te Edu c a ti on for 1 88 . 2 0 p t m 9 , p 2 n f h W z r Tra s a ti o o t e ur u Glos ses . 2 0 . l n b g , p 0 4 INTRODUCTION . is the wise ? where is the disputer of this world P Hath not God ” made foolish the wisdom o f this world ? Of course the answ er i s o f , that the wise, the disputer the world is nowhere and the s L Glossaris t ofthe eighth or ninth century remark , partly in atin, “ partly in Irish : Where shall appear a wise gentile ofthe Greeks ? “ it is a question which he asked (that is the question) for on e “ school attacks or b eats the other.