PROJECT REPORT on Third Party Inspection, Monitoring and Analysis of Bioremediation / Modular Treatment of drains discharging in Ganga / Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh Submitted to State Mission for Clean Ganga National Mission for Clean Ganga Uttar Pradesh (SMCG- UP) Ministry of Jal Shakti Urban Development Department Government of India Submitted by सीएसआईआर- भारतीय विषविज्ञान अनुसंधान संथान CSIR - INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India Phone:+91-522-2621856, 2613357, 2628228 Fax:+91-522-2628227 [email protected] www.iitrindia.org Contents S. No. Title Page no. I. Introduction 1 - 2 II. The project and its objectives 3 – 5 III. Drain Monitoring System- Uttar Pradesh 6 – 7 IV Treatment technologies 8 – 17 V. A Sample collection, transportation and preservation of 18 – 36 pre- and post- treated water samples B Analysis of bacteriological parameters 37 C Analysis of physico-chemical parameters 37 D V- notch calculation 37 – 38 VI. Results 39 – 54 VII. Conclusion 55 - 56 List of tables S. No. Title Page no. 1. Technology utilized for treatment of drains and respective firms 8 2. Technology and its principle 9 3. List of drains with MORE THAN 1 MLD discharge capacity 20 – 21 under each firm 4. List of drains with LESS THAN 1 MLD discharge capacity 22 – 24 under each firm 5. Comparative analysis of mean average of pH between Inlet and 39 Outlet samples 6. Comparative analysis of mean average of Dissolved Oxygen 41 (DO) between Inlet and Outlet samples 7. Comparative analysis of mean average of Total Suspended 43 Solids (TSS) between Inlet and Outlet samples 8. Comparative analysis of mean average of Biochemical Oxygen 45 Demand (BOD) between Inlet and Outlet samples 9. Comparative analysis of mean average of Chemical Oxygen 47 Demand (COD) between Inlet and Outlet samples 10. Comparative analysis of mean average of total coliforms 49 between Inlet and Outlet samples 11. Comparative analysis of mean average of fecal coliforms 51 between Inlet and Outlet samples 12. Comparative analysis of mean average of color between Inlet 53 and Outlet samples List of graphs S. No. Title Page no. 1. 1. Graphical representation of mean average performance of pH 40 of samples analyzed from December 2018 to June 2019 2. Graphical representation of mean average performance of 42 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of samples analyzed from February 2019 to June 2019 3. 2. Graphical representation of mean average performance of 44 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of samples analyzed from December 2018 to June 2019 4.3. Graphical representation of mean average performance of 46 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of samples analyzed from December 2018 to June 2019 5. Graphical representation of mean average performance of 48 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of samples analyzed from March 2019 to June 2019 6. Graphical representation of mean average count of total 50 coliforms in samples analyzed from March 2019 to June 2019 7. Graphical representation of mean average count of fecal 52 coliforms in samples analyzed from December 2018 to June 2019 8. Graphical representation of mean average performance of 54 color of samples collected from December 2018 to June 2019 9. Graphical representation of post treatment percent reduction 55 in tested parameters List of figures S.no. Title Page no. 1.4. Stretch of river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh (map not to scale). 2 2. Flowchart depicting the work methodology adopted by CSIR- 4 IITR, Lucknow for Third Party Assessment. 3.5. Brief work plan of CSIR-IITR for Third Party Assessment. 5 4.6. Drain Monitoring System- Uttar Pradesh 7 5.7. Images illustrating the bioremediation treatment being done at 10 – 12 different drainage sites. 6. Images illustrating the natural attenuation based treatment being 13 – 14 done at different drainage sites. 7. Images illustrating the modular treatment being done at different 15 – 17 drainage sites. 8. Major sampling stations (cities) across the course of river Ganga 19 in Uttar Pradesh that were covered under the Third Party Inspection (TPI) (schematic map not to scale). 9. Photographs captured during sampling at drains located in 25 – 27 Prayagraj, Zamania, Ballia and Ghazipur by the team members of CSIR-IITR. 10. Photographs captured during sampling at drains located in 28 – 30 Saidpur, Jhunsi, Ramnagar, Prayagraj and Mughalsarai by the team members of CSIR-IITR. 11. Photographs captured during sampling at drains located in 31 – 33 Ghazipur, Shuklaganj, Farrukhabad and Mirzapur by the team members of CSIR-IITR. 12 Photographs captured during sampling at drains located in 34 – 36 Varanasi, Ghazipur, Mirzapur and Saidpur by the team members of CSIR-IITR. 13. a) Schematic diagram of triangular V-notch 38 b) Schematic diagram of rectangular V-notch 38 List of abbreviations DO 8. Dissolved Oxygen TSS Total Suspended Solids BOD 9. Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD10. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L milligrams per liter MPN Most Probable Number NPCC National Projects Construction Corporation Limited NEERI National Environmental Engineering Research Institute I. Introduction The river Ganges (commonly called as Ganga) located in the northern part of India is a sacred river of the nation and holds a high cultural esteem among the Hindu population of the country. The river has its origin in the Western Himalayan ranges of Uttarakhand. Bhagirathi which is the source stream of Ganga joins with Alakhnanda at Devprayag, Uttarakhand from where the river further flows as Ganga. The river covers a distance of 2525 km before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The main stem of the river passes through five major states, namely, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. In Uttar Pradesh, river Ganga travels approx. 1025 km and stretches from Bijnor to Ballia. Being a perennial river, Ganga and its tributaries are the main source of water for domestic as well as irrigation purposes for the North Indian states. The ever-increasing demand for development has resulted in water scarcity and water quality degradation throughout the basin. Nearly all of the sewage, rarely treated, from these settlements enter the basin’s waterways. In addition to these domestic and industrial pollutants, hundreds of human corpses are released into the river every day. Population pressures, paucity of investment in water quality infrastructure and a lack of empowerment of the people continue to contribute to the deteriorating state of this river. Along the entire stretch of river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh, various STPs, industrial as well as domestic drain discharge points are located that contribute towards degradation of the water quality of the river. Keeping in view of this alarming situation and the Kumbh Festival 2019 at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, the Government of India and U.P. Jal Nigam engaged several private firms for the treatment of drains falling in the river Ganga and Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh. Under the Centre's Namami Gange project, a host of measures for sanitation as well as checking the flow of sewer drains into the Ganga were put in place. This was done to ensure that the water quality of river is maintained during the world’s biggest congregation of humans and the masses receive clean water. Various technologies, such as bioremediation, phytoremediation and modular treatment were used for the treatment of drains. To ensure that the water being treated is worthy of being discharged into the river and meets the water quality standards CSIR-IITR was entrusted the responsibility of third party inspection and monitoring of the treatment plants that were set up on untapped drains from Farrukhabad to Ballia districts. Page 1 of 56 Page 2 of 56 II. The project and its objectives CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, was established in 1965. It is the only institute of toxicology in the country contributing towards cutting-edge research and innovation in toxicology with the motto “Safety to Environment and Health & Service to Industry”. CSIR-IITR has GLP Compliance Certification from NGCMA, Government of India. CSIR-IITR undertakes research in niche areas of toxicology including studying the impact of industrial and environmental chemicals on human health and ecosystem, and environmental monitoring of pollutants in air, water and soil. CSIR–IITR has been assessed and accredited by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) in accordance with the standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005 “General requirements for the competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories” for its NABL Certified Biological and Chemical testing facilities. The scope of accreditation involves biological testing of drinking water and surface and ground water. CSIR-IITR has expertise in conducting such water-related studies and several industry sponsored and government sponsored projects are being undertaken under this facility. CSIR-IITR was previously involved in the monitoring and in national programs for various rivers: Ganga River 1986-1991 Ganga Action Plan Yamuna River 1989-1990 Yamuna Biomonitoring Plan (Indo- Dutch collaborative project) Gomti River 1993-2013 Gomti Action Plan Ganga River 2014-2015 Namami Gange Program The present study involving the Third Party Inspection of various technologies implemented for the treatment of water from different drains discharging in Ganga River in Uttar Pradesh was sponsored by National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) through