TECHNICAL REPORT 15 ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT S - C U L T U R A L BASIN BRIDGE PROJECT HAUWAI WELLINGTON TENTHS TRUST & PORT NICHOLSON BLOCK SETTLEMENT TRUST 24 MAY 2013 Technical Report 15 Assessment of Effects - Cultural Basin Bridge Project TABLE OF CONTENTS HAUWAI ....................................................................................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF ASSESMENT OF EFFECTS CULTURAL ...........................................3 Project Description .................................................................................................................................7 Transport Improvements .........................................................................................................................8 Urban Design and Landscape .............................................................................................................. 11 Related Projects .................................................................................................................................... 14 BACKGROUND TO THE CULTURAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ............................... 15 Te Aro and PukeAhu ............................................................................................................................. 16 AKATAREWA PĀ, KAIPAPA AND HAUWAI .................................................................................................. 17 MĀORI CULTURAL SITES AND INTERESTS .................................................................................... 17 TRADITIONAL HISTORY ............................................................................................................................. 18 POTENTIAL CULTURAL IMPACTS OF THE BASIN RESERVE IMPROVEMENTS .................. 22 TANGATA WHENUA SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AFFECTED BY THE BASIN RESERVE ROADING DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................... 25 WAITANGI TRIBUNAL REPORT AND TRADITIONAL HISTORY ....................................................................... 26 WELLINGTON TOWN SECTIONS 89 & 90 BUCKLE AND TARANAKI STREET ................................................. 27 PORT NICHOLSON BLOCK SETTLEMENT ....................................................................................... 29 RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL (RFR) ............................................................................................................... 30 CULTURAL REDRESS .................................................................................................................................. 30 ARCHAEOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 31 ISSUES FOR TE ATIAWA/TARANAKI WHĀNUI ............................................................................... 31 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 32 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................................ 34 APPENDIX 15.A – MĀORI SIGNIFICANT SITES AND STREAMS .................................................. 35 APPENDIX 15.B - HISTORY OF THE TANGATA WHENUA OF THE AREA ................................ 36 APPENDIX 15.C - THOMAS WARD MAP ............................................................................................. 38 APPENDIX 15.D - MĀORI SITES OF SIGNIFICANCE AND STREAMS ......................................... 39 APPENDIX 15.E - PORT NICHOLSON BLOCK SETTLEMENT AREA .......................................... 40 © Raukura Consultants PAGE | 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF ASSESMENT OF EFFECTS CULTURAL 1. This report examines the section of the Wellington urban motorway from Taranaki Street to the entrance to the Mt Victoria Tunnel. There is a particular focus on the area around the Basin Reserve (In Māori tradition known as Hauwai) and the proposal to bridge a section the roadway around the Basin. The section of Buckle Street from Taranaki Street to Tasman Street will be dealt with in a separate project I will term the Memorial Park underpass. The report will focus on the preferred option for this part of a Road of National Significance (RoNS) that will eventually extend from near the Manawatu River to Wellington Airport. The potential Māori cultural impacts for this section of the RoNS, is examined in detail in this report. Particular information related to Pā sites and other sites of cultural significance in and the area of the development is provided here along with potential cultural impacts of the project on those sites. The report also looks at how those cultural sites may be recognised in the design of the project if that is possible. 2. The Wellington Tenths Trust (an Iwi-based land owning Trust with origins that date back to the first colonisation of Wellington) had historical interests in this area as part of the Wellington Tenths Reserve included Wellington Town Acres 89 and 90 at the corner of Taranaki Street and Buckle Street. Section 90 at 217 Taranaki Street is again a part of Wellington Tenths land known as Taranaki 217. A fully-owned subsidiary company of the Wellington Tenths Trust, Capital Hill Limited is part owner of the Old Dominion Museum Building along with Massey University. 3. This section of State Highway 1 being considered in this report is a part of the highway commonly known as the Inner City Bypass which links the Terrace Tunnel to the Basin Reserve. At Buckle Street below the historic Old Dominion Museum Building, the Ministry of Culture and Heritage and the New Zealand Transport Authority are planning (and now in the process of building) a Memorial Park to the north of the National War Memorial. This Park will link to the development of the Basin Bridge project. Both the Memorial Park and the Basin Bridge projects combined cover areas of very high significance to the Wellington Tenths Trust and the Port Nicholson Block Settlement PAGE | 3 Trust (the Trusts) and the Iwi Manawhenua of Te Atiawa-Taranaki Whānui of Wellington. 4. There are traditional interests going back to the earliest settlement of Māori in Wellington generally in this area with the original wetland which is now the Basin Reserve being known as Hauwai draining along what is now Cambridge and Kent Terraces through a stream know as the Waitangi Stream which now meets the harbour around the old Clyde Quay Wharf. Streams from Newtown drained into the Hauwai swamp. The Hauwai swamp was drained by the massive tectonic uplift that occurred in 1855. Overlooking the Hauwai swamp was the ancient Pā call Akatarewa with gardens all around this area. Garden activities of the waves of various tangata whenua who occupied the area over the centuries with the present tangata whenua of Taranaki whānui who occupied Te Aro Pā clearing much of the area for gardens including onto Puke Aho/Mt Cook 5. This report does not examine the Mount Victoria tunnel however it is of note that the western end (Basin Reserve) of the tunnel is closely associated with the important ancient Pā site called Te Akatarewa. The Pā was a centre for the first settlers in Wellington, Ngai Tara. It occupied the slopes of what was to become Mount Alfred which was previously known as Akatarewa. 6. Puke Ahu was an important garden site supporting the ancient Pā, Te Akatarawa which was located around the area now occupied by Wellington College. In the early 19th century Te Aro Pā was located on the harbour foreshore at the end of Taranaki Street however its influence extended into this area including the Aro Valley and out to the south coast at Paekawakawa/Island Bay. Puke Ahu also supported subsequent generations including the 19th century particularly for the Taranaki Whānui people of Te Aro Pā. 7. The whole length of the route is an area with strong association with the Te Atiawa/Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika and the hapu of Ngāti Tupaia of Ngāti Ruanui and Ngāti Haumia of the Taranaki tribe along with their Te Atiawa kin who are all represented by the Port Nicholson Block Settlement Trust. 8. The report sets out the Māori cultural history and connection with this part of Wellington and how it fitted in the overall tribal situation around Te Whanganui a Tara. PAGE | 4 This indicates the traditional significance of these sites in the broader context of Te Whanganui a Tara. The context of the tribal situation and how the Waitangi Tribunal has seen this is explained to ensure that decision makers are dealing with the appropriate mana whenua groups. 9. The Port Nicholson Block Settlement Trust (PNBST) and Wellington Tenths Trust (WTT), ‘The Trusts’ are the iwi authorities in Wellington representing the tangata whenua as mandated iwi organisations. The Trusts have many interests from PNBST, being the Treaty of Waitangi Settlement entity with their takiwa or area of interest covering most of the areas of Wellington, Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt Cities. PNBST manage many properties in the Settlement area which are a mix of cultural redress along with various commercial redress properties1. In this area Wellington Tenths Trust through, Capital Hill Limited in partnership with Massey University has an ownership of the old Dominion Museum Building (Tokomaru) with a boundary extending along Buckle Street. 10. One of the many connections with the project area and the tangata whenua was the presence of prisoners from the altercations