The Social Report 2016 Te pūrongo oranga tangata Acknowledgement The Ministry of Social Development wishes to thank the following agencies for their help in producing this report: Creative New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs Human Rights Commission Inland Revenue Local Government New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Ministry for Pacific eoplP es Ministry for the Environment Ministry for Women Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Ministry of Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Justice Ministry of Transport Ministry of Youth Development NZ On Air New Zealand Police New Zealand Transport Agency Sport New Zealand State Services Commission Statistics New Zealand Superu (Families Commission) Te Puni Kōkiri Treasury The Ministry would also like to give special thanks to Statistics New Zealand for reviewing the draft report. Published June 2016 Ministry of Social Development PO Box 1556 Wellington 6140 New Zealand Telephone: +64 4 916 3300 Facsimile: +64 4 918 0099 Email: [email protected] Web: www.socialreport.msd.govt.nz ISSN 1175–9917 (Print) ISSN 1177–8695 (Online) Disclaimer The Ministry of Social Development has made every effort ot ensure the information in this report is reliable, but does not guarantee its accuracy and does not accept liability for any errors. Totals may not add up to 100 percent owing to rounding. Crown copyright 2016 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence. In essence, you are free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work to the Crown and abide by the other licence terms. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz/. Please note that no departmental or governmental emblem, logo or Coat of Arms may be used in any way that infringes any provision of the Flags, Emblems, and Names Protection Act 1981. (www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1981/0047/latest/ whole.html#dlm52216) Attribution to the Crown should be in written form and not by reproduction of any such emblem, logo or Coat of Arms. The Social Report 2016 Contents List of figures ........................................................................................................................ 6 List of tables ....................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 14 Reporting approaches used for indicators ............................................................................... 21 Social wellbeing at a glance .................................................................................................. 22 People ............................................................................................................................... 24 Health ................................................................................................................................ 35 Life expectancy at birth ...................................................................................................... 37 Health expectancy ............................................................................................................. 41 Suicide ............................................................................................................................ 44 Self-rated health ............................................................................................................... 49 Psychological distress ........................................................................................................ 53 Obesity ............................................................................................................................. 57 Cigarette smoking .............................................................................................................. 62 Potentially hazardous drinking ............................................................................................. 67 Participation in physical activity ........................................................................................... 71 Knowledge and skills ........................................................................................................... 76 Participation in early childhood education ............................................................................. 78 School leavers with higher qualifications ............................................................................... 82 Participation in tertiary education ....................................................................................... 86 Educational attainment of the adult population ..................................................................... 91 Adult literacy and numeracy skills ........................................................................................ 97 Paid work .......................................................................................................................... 101 Unemployment ................................................................................................................ 103 Employment .................................................................................................................... 107 Median hourly earnings ...................................................................................................... 111 Work-related injury ........................................................................................................... 116 Job satisfaction ............................................................................................................... 120 Satisfaction with work-life balance ..................................................................................... 124 Economic standard of living ................................................................................................ 128 Market income per person ................................................................................................ 130 Income inequality ............................................................................................................. 132 Population with low incomes .............................................................................................. 135 Material hardship ............................................................................................................. 140 Housing affordability ........................................................................................................ 143 Household crowding ........................................................................................................ 147 3 Ministry of Social Development Civil and political rights ....................................................................................................... 151 Voter turnout ................................................................................................................... 153 Representation of women in government ............................................................................ 158 Representation of ethnic groups in government ..................................................................... 161 Perceived discrimination ................................................................................................... 163 Acceptance of diversity ..................................................................................................... 168 Perceived corruption ......................................................................................................... 173 Cultural identity ................................................................................................................. 175 Local content programming on New Zealand television .......................................................... 177 Māori language speakers ................................................................................................... 179 Language retention .......................................................................................................... 182 Ability to be yourself in New Zealand .................................................................................. 186 Leisure and recreation ........................................................................................................ 189 Satisfaction with leisure time ............................................................................................. 190 Participation in arts and cultural activities ........................................................................... 194 Safety .............................................................................................................................. 200 Criminal victimisation ....................................................................................................... 202 Fear of crime ................................................................................................................... 206 Assault mortality ............................................................................................................. 210 Road casualties ............................................................................................................... 214 Social connectedness ......................................................................................................... 218 Telephone