Cs INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY Health and Safety Guide No. 103 WHITE SPIRIT (STODDARD SOLVENT) HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE UNEP UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME LABOUR ORGANISATION V. t VA• 5 iJ . WORLD HEALTH AT ORGANIZATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, GENEVA 1996 Other hEALTh ANI) SAlE FY (1 'IDES available: corn i nued on the ns ,,k' b;c. k cc er Acetaldehyde (No. 'Xl). 199 Dimethoate (No. 20, 1988) Acrolein (No. 67. 1992) Dimelhvl sulfate (No. 29. 1989) Aervlamide (No. 45, 199 Dunet.hvlarsinic acid, niethanearsonic Acrylonitrile (No. I, I 986 acid, and salts (No. 69, 1992) Aldicarb(No. 64. 1991) Dimethylformamide (N,c 43, I 09(1) Akirin and dieldrin No. 21 988) Diquat (No. 52, 1991 Allethrins (NO. 24. 1989) Endosulfan (No. 17. 1988) Amitrolt' (No 85, 1994) Endrin NI'. 60. 1991) Atnunnia (No 37, 1990> I pic hloroh\'dr in (No 8. 1987) Arsenic c Itilpounds inorganic tIler Ethylene oxide (NI'. 1(, 1988) than arsine i No 7)), 992 Fenitrothion (NI' 65. 11)1)11 ;\traztt)e No 47 109M Fenvaleratc' I No 34. 1989) l)arrurn No 46. 1091 I'olpet (No. 72, 1992 f3etIIit'ii. I NI) 81. 199 I'orrnaIdeh de (No 57. l'))I l3etitazoi,e NI' .18, (')')( I leptachlor ( N,' 14 . 1989 ller Ilium i No 4 (, 1990 Ilexachlorohifladienc I No 8), '1') l(tIldilaL')uttl N 0, I ((5 I kxachIoroc clohes,,ties . alpha und I)rliuialtkltie i No 94 beta- (NO. 53. 1991 I F4utanol (No 4 1987 I lexachlorocyclopcirtadene 2-l3utanol No 1 1987 (NO. 63. ('8)1; iert-l3ut,u,ol _ ti-I lesane ( NI) SI) 1991 (.atlqlheclilt 49. 1900, I Lydrazine I No. So. (0911 (apUito1 No -1 1) 199(1 Ilydroquinone IN,' 1(11 . 0069 ('aptan No 50. 199(9 lsohenzan (Ni) Iii . 19') ('arbars I No 78, I 'N) Isohutanol (No. 1), 19871 (Thrhendaitin i No 82, 1993 Isophorone >No. VI. 19951 Chlordane (No. I). 1 '(88 Kelesati >N,i. 2. 1987 ('hlordecorie Ni 41. 1990) l.indane (No. 54, 1991) (,'hlorofortn No 87. 1995) Magnetic fields (NO. 27. 19909 ("hlorothalonil (No. 9$. 1995 Methantidophos (No. 79. 1993 Eresols (No. 100. 99(') Methou,vl i N,'. 97, 1995) Cvhalothrin and Iarnhda-cvlialotlirin Methyl bromide Bromontethanc NO. 38. 1990( (NI). 86, 1995) {'spermethrin No. 22, 1988) Methyl isohutyl kelone (No.58, 1991 Deltamethrin (No. 30, 1989) Methyl parathion (No. 75. 1992) 1 ,2-Dieliloroethane (No.55. 1991 Methylene chloride (No, 6, 1987) 2,4-I)ichlorophenoxvacetic ae,d(2.4 I) Mires (N,' 39, 1990) (NI). 5, 1987) Monocrotophos (No. 80. 1993( 1, 3-Dichloroproperie. Morpholinc (No. 92. 1995) 1,2 dichloroproparic, and Nickel, nickel carhotw I. and s, tile ii kel trttxtiit es of 1.3 dieli!oropropet,eaiid cotttpoiittds No. 62, 1991) .2-il ich loropropane No. 7 . 10')) I'araquat (NO SI, ( 1)1)1) l)ichlorvos i No IS 19881 Pai (1)10011 (No 71. 1)92) Difen:,,iurn i No 95 1)1)5 I'et,tachloroplieiioh(No I), 1)88, Difluhen7uroii No 00, I Pcrmethnn iNo 33. 1489 IPcs Health and Safety Guide No. 103 WHITE SPIRIT (STODDARD SOLVENT) HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE This is a companion volume to Environmental Health Criteria 187: White Spirit Published by the World Health Organization for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (a collaborative programme of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization) and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, GENEVA 1996 This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data White Spirit (Stoddard solvent): health and safety guide. (Health and safety guide no. 103) 1.Solvents - adverse effects 2.Solvents - toxicity 3.Environmental exposure I.Series ISBN 92 4 151103 6 (NLM Classification: QV 633) ISSN 0259-7268 The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and enquiries should be addressed to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. ° World Health Organization 1996 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Federal Republic of Germany) provided financial support for, and undertook the printing of, this publication Printed by Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH D-70009 Stuttgart 10 CONTENTS 1. PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES 7 • 1 Identity 7 1.2 Physical and chemical properties 8 1.3 Analytical methods 8 1.4 Production and uses 10 2. SUMMARY AND EVALUATION 11 2.1 Environmental transport, distribution and transformation 11 2.2 Environmental levels and human exposure 11 2.3 Kinetics and metabolism 12 2.4 Effects on laboratory and in vitro systems 12 2.5 Effects on humans 14 2.6 Effects on other organisms in the laboratory and field 16 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18 3.1 Conclusions 18 3.2 Recommendations 18 4. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARDS, PREVENTION AND PROTECTION, EMERGENCY ACTION 19 4.1 Human health hazards, prevention and protection, first aid 19 4.1.1 Advice to physicians 19 4.1.2 Health surveillance advice 19 4.2 Explosion and fire hazards 20 4.3 Storage 20 4.4 Transport 20 4.5 Spillage and disposal 20 5. HAZARDS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR PREVENTION 21 SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL SAFETY INFORMATION 23 CURRENT REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND STANDARDS 26 7.1 Previous evaluations by international bodies 26 7.2 Exposure limit values 27 7.3 Labelling, packaging and transport 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY 29 3 INTROIUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monographs produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. They also provide guidelines for setting exposure limits. The purpose of a Health and Safety Guide is to facilitate the application of these guidelines in national chemical safety programmes. The first three sections of a Health and Safety Guide highlight the relevant technical information in the corresponding EHC. Section 4 includes advice on preventive and protective measures and emergency action; health workers should be thoroughly familiar with the medical information to ensure that they can act efficiently in an emergency. Within the Guide is a Summary of Chemical Safety Information which should be readily available, and should be clearly explained, to all who could come into contact with the chemical. The section on regulatory information has been extracted from the legal file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) and from other United Nations sources. The target readership includes occupational health services, those in ministries, governmental agencies, industry, and trade unions who are involved in the safe use of chemicals and the avoidance of environmental health hazards, and those wanting more information on this topic. An attempt has been made to use only terms that will be familiar to the intended user. However, sections 1 and 2 inevitably contain some technical terms. A bibliography has been included for readers who require further background information. Revision of the information in this Guide will take place in due course, and the eventual aim is to use standardized terminology. Comments on any difficulties encountered in using the Guide would be very helpful and should be addressed to: The Director International Programme on Chemical Safety World Health Organization 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland THE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS A STARTING POINT TO A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMME 1. PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES 1.1 Identity Common names: white spirit, Stoddard solvent. White spirit is a mixture of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C 2 hydrocarbons with a maximum content of 25% of C7 to C 12 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. Molecular formulae: CH22 (n-alkanes and isoalkanes) 2 C5H25 (cycloalkanes)5 C1126 (aromatics), n > 6 Relative molecular mass: 150 (Approximate average value) 92-170 (for single constituents) Common synonyms: Lacknafta (Sweden); Lakkibensiini (Finland); Mineral Spirit; Mineral Turpentine; Mineralsk Terpentin (Denmark); Mineralterpentin (Sweden); Petroleum Spirits; Solvent Naphtha; Stoddard solvent; Terpentin (Denmark); Testbenzin (Germany); Turpentine Substitute. Common trade name: B.A.S.; C.A.S.; Clairsol; Dilutine; Exxsol; Halpasol; Hydrosol; Indusol; Sane; Kristalloel; Laws; Ragia; Sangajol; Shellsol; Solfina; Solnap; Solvesso; Spezialbenzin; Spirdane; Spraysol; Stoddard Solvent; Supersol; Terpentina; Tetrasol; Thersol; Varnolene; Varsol; W.S.; White Spirit. Aliphatic alkanes are also known as "paraffins", while "naphthenes" is a commonly used term for cycloalkanes. PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES CAS registry number: 8052-41-3 (Stoddard solvent); 64742-82-I (white spirit type 1); 64741-92-0 (white spirit type 2); 64742-48-9 (white spirit type 3); 64742-88-7 (white spirit type 0).