2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape 2011 . 2017 UrbaNization and Cultural- Landscape II.TED School of Heritage Management "1 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape II.TED School of Heritage Management "2 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape International Institute on Territorial and Environmental Dynamics School of Heritage Management II.TED School of Heritage Management "3 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape DISCLAIMER Published in 2018 by II.TED International Institute on Territorial and Environmental Dynamics. Via Napoleone Bonaparte, 52 Florence (50135) ITALY [email protected] © II.TED 2018 ISBN: 978-88-945025-0-3 (PDF) Lead author and coordination: Siavash Laghai Copyediting and proofreading: Marianna Bacci Tamburlini Reviewers and other contributors: Alessio Re, Angioletta Voghera, Gabriele Corsani, Jukka Jokilehto and Frédéric Vidal. Cover photo: Stairs reaching the surface, Portimão, Portugal Design and photo credits: Siavash Laghai Acknowledgment We gratefully acknowledge the partnership and support of the Italian Consulate in Tehran, in particular Mr. MASSIMO PALOZZI and Mr. ROBERTO TARADDEI, the UNESCO Regional Bureau for Science and Culture in Europe, in particular Mr. PHILIPPE PYPAERT and Mr. LUDOVICO F. CALABI and Mr. MATTEO ROSATI. Ms. ATTILIA PEANO†, Mr. WALTER SANTAGATA†, Ms. MARIA DO ROSARIO OLIVEIRA Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Mr. GIANLUCA SIMONETTA Center for Generative Communication, Mr. Francesco Bastagli. DIST-Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, Department of Architecture University of Florence, UNESCO Chair in Sustainable, Development and Territory Management, UNESCO Category II Research and Training Centre on cultural economics and World Heritage studies, CSS-EBLA Centro Studi Silvia Santagata, UNESCO Chair on New paradigms and instruments for the management of Cultural Landscape, SiTI-Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innovation, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, CRIA Centre for Research in Anthropology, Environment Research and Design Consultant, Fondazione Adriano Olivetti, Ente Turismo Alba-Bra-Langhe-Roero, Fondazione Centro Conservazione e Restauro La Venaria Reale, Association Federalberghi Torino, A2studio srl and all those who took part in the discussions and visits during the workshop sessions. The views expressed in this publication and those of the authors do not necessarily reflect the views of II.TED International Institute on Territorial and Environmental Dynamics. II.TED School of Heritage Management "4 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape Khaled Nabi, Iran II.TED School of Heritage Management "5 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape II.TED School of Heritage Management "6 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape Table of Contents Foreword 9 Introduction 11 Presentation 12 II.TED School of Heritage Management 13 Partners and networks 14 Aims, Topics and Frameworks 16 Methodologies and Activities 19 Experts, Scholars and Topics 21 Participants 27 Selected Papers 32 What is Territorial Management? Jukka Jokilehto (ICCROM EXPERT) 32 Landscape and Ecological Networks. Towards a New Vision of Sustainable Urban and Regional Development Angioletta Voghera, Luigi la Riccia (DIST-Politecnico di Torino) 49 Management of historic cities and WHS: the Italian contribution Alessio Re (CSS – EBLA Centro Studio Silvia Santagata) 59 Making places and shaping urbanity. The rise of tourism policies in Portugal (1910-1940) Frédéric Vidal (CRIA ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa) 66 Conclusions 79 Short biographies 80 Annexes 82 II.TED School of Heritage Management "7 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape II.TED School of Heritage Management "8 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape Foreword The six introductory sessions of the Urbanization and Cultural Landscape developed the overarching theme of historic cities’ evolution, using the case of Florence as a main reference. In particular, the analysis focused on the interaction between open space and urban space landscapes. These landscapes were intended, especially from the beginning of the twentieth century, as desirable guardians of community identities, and later transformed into foreign bodies, irreducible to a single homogenous character. The main challenge is to identify, in the current situation, the structural elements to build an effective “resistance strategy” for the preservation of the mentioned identities. Such assets do not concern exclusively historic and artistic heritage: although they constitute the heart of both cities and territories -needing the most attentive care - these urban spaces, characterised by a diversity of dimensions and functions, can express an intrinsic vitality. They mainly include: - Central urban areas where residential and crafts-related productive activities still cohabitate, - Historic peripheral areas which were planned and historicised in their connection with the city, - “Poor green” spots, from Gilles Clément’s “third landscapes”, to urban vegetable gardens (kitchen gardens, jardins familiaux ou jardins ouvriers, Kleine Gärten), to more recent guerrilla gardens, which together complement the spaces celebrated in gardens and parks of the past. Damage caused by war, fire and natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods has in some cases been the base of exemplary rebirth. Namely, it happened on an urban scale in Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake, and at a smaller scale, after Chiado’s fire in 1984. Also some post World War II reconstructions are exemplary, both in terms of style - from Dresda to Varsovia- and in terms of new structures and architectures - from Rotterdam to Le Havre. II.TED School of Heritage Management "9 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape Nowadays, we are confronted with another set of issues, originated in a “destruction” due to the physical abandonment of urban centres, and the disappearance of internal functions and their relation with territories. This implies a new and broader concept of revitalization, on which we will focus in the next Workshops. Dr. Gabriele Corsani II.TED Deputy director II.TED School of Heritage Management "10 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape Introduction The first edition of the first international workshop on “Urbanization and Cultural Landscape” took place in Turin in July 2011. Now, at its 7th edition, it reveals itself as a solid international programme in the field of sustainable heritage management, and it reaches out to Florence, Lisbon and Tehran, under different names. The aim of “Urbanization and Cultural Landscape” workshops remains focused on understanding changes and transformations of urban contexts and realities in relation with cultural and environmental values. Economic instability, conflicts, globalisation, migrations, climate change, mass tourism, diffusion of technology are rapidly transforming our cities and our living societies. In this scenario, cities are confronting and managing such changes, where culture should play a crucial role. Culture is a main factor to improve capacities which will impact on communities’ development. Since 2011 the workshop’s objective has been to reflect these issues by sharing knowledge on sustainability, and adopting an interdisciplinary approach by involving institutions, researchers and professionals coming from different backgrounds and countries, to explore and compare case studies in different contexts. This report presents a synthesis of the most relevant contents and results of the “Urbanization and cultural landscape” workshop until today. Additionally, it aims at contributing to the current debate on our cities’ future. Alessio Re and Siavash Laghai Urbanization and Cultural Landscape organisation and coordination team II.TED School of Heritage Management "11 2011-2017 Urbanization and Cultural Landscape Presentation II.TED International Institute on Territorial and Environmental Dynamics is a non- profit and non-governmental organisation based in Florence. II.TED principally aims to arise community awareness and to put emphasis on building capacities and competencies for the preservation, valorisation and promotion of heritage sites and places, towards a sustainable management. Objectives II.TED promotes respect for environment and landscape, bases that need to be preserved as an irreplaceable common heritage of humanity. II.TED is based on founding documents, conventions and recommendations such as the European Landscape Convention, The UNESCO World Heritage Convention, UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, the Ramsar Convention on wetlands and the UNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape. Actions II.TED actions started with the promotion, conservation and sustainable development of heritage sites and places through education and training, specialising in building capacities and competencies for the valorisation and promotion of World Heritage, arts and crafts. It also raises awareness on the efficacy and adequacy of site management plans for a sustainable management. With these actions II.TED creates the knowledge and opportunities for a social and economic development of local communities, and helps site managers, professionals and other stakeholders to manage heritage more sustainably. Such challenges are faced considering the global scale of current social dynamics, environmental and territorial phenomena, and by sharing the best practices in World Heritage management. II.TED engages in collaborations,