E1773 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment And Environmental Management Framework Public Disclosure Authorized Orissa Community Tank Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized IN-RIMT in association with CTRAN Consulting Public Disclosure Authorized Dated the 7th of December 2007 Environmental Assessment (EA) and Environmental Management Framework (EMF) for Orissa Community Tank Management Project (OCTMP) Contents Chapter - 01 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Tank irrigation systems in Orissa: An overview 1.2 Orissa Community Tank Management Project (OCTMP): Approach and Principles 1.3 Context and objectives of environment assessment study 1.4 Key issues identified in the study 1.4.1 Dam Safety 1.4.2 Siltation and sedimentation 1.4.3 Pest Management 1.4.4.Aquatic weed 1.4.5.Water Logging and drainage System 1.4.6 Fisher 1.6 Environment Management Framework Chapter-02 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2.1 Environmental Assessment: An overview 2.2 General characteristics of tank systems in Orissa 2.2.1 Tank Irrigation 2.3 Topography, Land and Soil Profile of the State 2.4 Water resources of Orissa 2.5 Forest wealth of Orissa 2.6 Agro-climatic zones and Cropping pattern in Orissa 2.7 Existing institutions 2.8 Issues identified under environmental assessment 2.8.1 Siltation and sedimentaiton 2.8.1.1 Status of silt disposal system 2.8.2 Dam safety Institutional Arrangements for dam safety in Orissa 2.8.2.1 Inter State Dam Safety Sub-Committee 2.8.2.2 Dam Safety Review Panel (DSRP) 2.8.2.3 State Dam Safety Committee (SDSC) 2.8.2.4 Expert Panels for Safety Review of Dams 2.8.2.5 Primary function of state dam safety organization [SDSO] Phase-I Investigation Phase-II Investigation Pre & Post-monsoon inspection Hydrological Review of Large Dam Structural Review Emergency Action Plan (EAP) Monitoring of rehabilitation work 2.8.2.6 Assessment of tank safety Features causing deterioration of Tanks Physical Assessment of Tank Condition Assessment of structural safety of embankment as per revised flood 2.8.2.7 Inter-departmental coordination mechanism 2 2.8.3 WATER LOGGING 2.8.3.1 Extent of Water logging 2.8.3.2 Causes of water logging / no water logging 2.8.3.3 State initiatives for waterlog area reclamation Under CADWM Program 2.8.3.4. Impact due to water logging 2.8.4 WATER QUALITY 2.8.4.1 Use Based Water Quality Standards 2.8.4.2 Biological Assessment of Water Quality 2.8.4.3 Water Quality in Terms of Wholesomeness 2.8.4.4 Ground Water Quality Fluoride Contamination 2.8.4.5 Impact due to water quality 2.8.6 FERTILIZER AND PEST MANAGEMENT 2.8.6.1 Impact due to application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides 2.8.6.2 Assessment of impact of Pesticides application 2.8.6.3 Integrated Pest Management [IPM] 2.8.7 BIO-DIVERSIT AND FISHERY 2.8.7.1 Fishery improvement 2.8.7.2 Impact due to fishery activity 2.8.8 NATURAL HABITAT 2.8.9 AQUATIC WEEDS 2.8.9.2 Effect of aquatic weeds on environment 2.8.9.3 Aquatic weeds and recommended management practices Preventive approaches Damages caused by aquatic weeds 2.8.9.4 Classification of aquatic weeds Emergent weeds Floating weeds Submerged weeds Control methods 2.8.9.4 Possible impact due to aquatic weeds Area of aquatic weeds infestation and Consequent problems Feeder Channel Tank system: Spill channels Canal syste: 2.8.10 SAFE GUARD OF CULTURAL PROPOERTIES 2.8.10.1 Impact on Cultural Properties 2.8.11 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES DURING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Chapter-03 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 3.1 BACK GROUND 3.2 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 3 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.3.1. Environmental management plan for dam safety 3.3.2 Environmental management plan for siltation & sedimentation 3.3.3 Environmental management plan for pest management 3.3.4 Environmental management plan for aquatic weeds 3.3.5 Environmental management plan for water logging & drainage 3.3.6 Environmental management plan for biodiversity/fishery 3.4 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FRAME WORK ANNEXURE 1 General Information of Tanks selected for the study ANNEXURE 2 Summary of Catchment area of selected tanks ANNEXURE 3 Summary of Command area of selected tanks ANNEXURE 4 Land Use and Land Cover Statistics of Catchement area of selected tanks ANNEXURE 5 Land Use and Land Cover Statistics of Command area of selected tanks Competing water uses of selected tanks ANNEXURE 6 Multiple uses of water in selected tanks ANNEXURE 7 Type of Stakeholders, their interests, problems and suggestions ANNEXURE 8 Summary of General Tank Health of selected tanks ANNEXURE 9 Agricultural Production and cropping pattern in command area of tanks selected for the study ANNEXURE 10 Assessment of structural safety of embankment (as per revised flood) ANNEXURE 11 Results of water quality test of sampes of selected tanks ANNEXURE 12 Abstract of Terms of Reference for the Dam Safety Review Panel 4 List of Tables Table No. 1 Project Cycle Table No. 2 Agro-climatic Zone wise list of 25 sample tanks Table No. 3 Agro-climatic Zones of Orissa Table No. 4 Agro-climatic Zone wise crops grown in Orissa Table No 5 Cropping pattern and agricultural production in 25 sample tanks Table No. 6 Assessment of the physical status of tanks Table No. 7 Key identified issues of three major dams covered under the study Table No. 8 Water Logged Area in Orissa Table No. 9 District wise break-up of waterlogged area in Orissa Table No. 10 Standard Classification of water quality Table No. 11 Water quality, SI and DI Biological Indicators Table No. Standards of regular monitoring parameters 12 Table No. 13 Drainage conditions in 25 sample tanks of Orissa Table No. Fertilizer consumption trend in Orissa 14 Table No 15 District wise fertilizer consumption in Orissa, 2004-05 Table No. 16 Use of Fertilizer & Pesticides in Different agro- climatic zones of Orissa Table No. 17 Pest and disease situation of Orissa Table No. 18 Basic statistics, Orissa fishery sector Table No. 19 Agro-climatic zone wise vegetation species in 25 sample tanks Table No. Aquatic weeds and infested areas 20 Table No. 21. Weed control methods Table No. 22 Summary of catchments treatment measures Table No. 24 Tank De-siltation & disposal management Table No. 24 Indicators of possible hazard, mitigation measures and safety impact Table No. 27 Pre and Post monsoon inspection of dams Table No. 26 Monitoring parameters during emergency Table No. 27 Fertilizer application and Management plan Table No. 28 Aquatic Weed Management Table No. 31 Drainage Management plan Table No. 30 Suggested mitigation measures for water logging problems Table No. 31 Fishery Management plan Table No. 32 Key challenges in Water Quality and Mitigation measures Table No. 33 Strategy for protection of cultural properties Table No. 34 Construction activities & interventions Table No. 35 Interventions and Mitigation measures in Temporary labour camp Table No.36 Environmental check list selection of tanks for rehabilitation project Table No. 37 Management frame work for catchment treatment Table No.38 Management Framework for Dam Safety Table No.39 Management Framework for Pest Management Table No. Management Framework for Aquatic weeds 40 Table No.41 Management Framework to address Water logging and drainage problems 5 Table No.42 Management Framework for Fishery activity Table No.43 Management Framework for Institutional Support and Capacity building measures for environmental compliance Table No. Monitoring Parameters 44 Table No. 45 Monitoring parameters – Schedule and Responsibility Environmental Assessment (EA) and Environmental Management Framework (EMF) for Orissa Community Tank Management Project (OCTMP) Chapter - 01 Executive Summary 1.1 Tank irrigation systems in Orissa: An overview Tank irrigation is one of the important and oldest sources of irrigation and the mainstay for livelihood of many poor households in the semi-arid conditions in Orissa. Tank irrigation is the typical example of the water harvesting techniques, and is mostly managed by the local communities as common property resource. Developed indigenously and maintained over the centuries, tanks are the nerve centers for sustenance and livelihood of the rural communities. Tanks are inextricably linked to the socio-cultural aspects of rural life and have historically been an indispensable part of the village habitat, sustaining its socio-ecological balance. There are about 28,303 tanks located in 11 river basin areas of the state. Out of these tanks, 3646 tanks are considered relatively large having a command area between 40 hectares and 2000 hectares which come under the ambit of Minor Irrigation organization under Department of Water Resources, Government of Orissa (GoO). Most of the tanks in Orissa are more than 50 to 60 years old and were mostly constructed by royals or landlords or temple administration in Orissa to cater to the irrigation and other requirements of people. Kings and Landlords of estates during pre-independence period had developed a unique method of social and economic development strategy in their areas of administration, through construction of huge tanks adjacent to their agricultural land. Such tanks not only served the purpose of providing irrigation but also served as focal point to the village economy, socio- cultural activities and area of distinct environmental upbeat. These tanks although remained in the control of the village administrator were considered directly or indirectly, the means of livelihood for the villagers/ tank users. Based on the satisfactory performances of such tanks, the British rulers / Administrators of various districts constructed huge tanks in those areas where the canal irrigation network could not be possible. The Tank management remained in the hands of Tahsildar or Jamindars.