20-Role Of Space Technology For Surface And Ground Water Resources Management In Bundelkhand -A.K.Agarwal, Scientist “Sg” & Head, Surface Water Resources Division, Remote Sensing Applications Centre-U.P. Introduction • Remote Sensing Applications Centre (RSAC-U.P.) under Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of U.P. govt has been established in 1982. The centre has a total strength of 24 regular Scientists alongwith 200 (approx.) supporting staff. The centre is fully equipped with resistivity meter equipments, terameter, multi- beam SONAR sounder (bathymetry instruments)etc. Well established divisions of Surface Water Resources Division and Ground Water Resources Division is looking after the surface and ground water resources of entire U.P. • The Bundelkhand area is known for its water scarcity and drought conditions. The space technology has a prominent role for location of drilling sites, water harvesting sites and monitoring of water bodies. RSAC-UP had used the technology for identification of paleochannel, drilling sites within hard rock and alluvium terrain for rural & urban water supply schemes etc. The success rate of pin pointing ground water drilling point in is more than 90% in Bundelkhand. Some important facts & maps related to this region are given below:- List Of Waterbodies (>10 Ha) In Bundelkhand (As On 2017 & 2018) S.N. District Number of Total area-2017 Total area-2018 Water bodies (ha) (ha) 1. Jhansi 30 1915.28 989.14 2. Lalitpur 61 41738.73 14222.69 3. Hamirpur 05 2785.88 1792.30 4. Mahoba 34 2765.58 2298.33 5. Banda 4 327.94 267.84 6. Chitrakoot 21 1558.84 736.41 7. Jalaun Nil - - TOTAL 155 51092.25 20306.71 -155- Satellite Image Map Of Bundelkhand Districts in U.P IRS-P6 Image Of Bundelkhand Area -156- Satellite Image Of Jhansi District Atal Jal Yojana -157- Jal Jivan Mission JAL JEEVAN MISSION (JJM) Supply of piped water to individual household From Surface Water From Ground Water Not Available Available Nearest Distance of Source of Quantity + Sustainability Water Location of area by Remote Sensing Availability throughout the year Recharge through checkdam, tubewell, nala Pinpointing by Geophysical investigation JHANSI bund, contour trench, BANDA desiltation of tank/talab etc. Not Available Available Yield + Strata + Quality Catchment Area Treatment Treatment Number of people (household) will be covered (@55lt./person/day) Supply to group of Desiltation villages/Settlement on the basis of availability Pipeline route design covering on the basis of (@55lt./person/day) household Improvement of Storage Capacity & A group of settlement/village with clean Sustainability drinking water supply Objectives 1. Pin-pointing of drilling site for exploration of ground water. 2. Identification of suitable location for construction of check-dams etc. 3. Periodic Monitoring of surface area of water bodies for storage capacity. 4. Underwater topography of major reservoirs for the assessment of siltation pattern for desiltation. 5. Watershed wise integrated water sources management plan. 6. Route alignment of water supply lines based on availability of water {both ground water and surface water} and its consumption. 7. Location of sites for construction of dams in the rivers of Bundelkhand. 8. Canal system for surface water/ground water optimal utilization. 9. Flood control measures. 10. Monitoring the water resources through Bhuvan (NRSC, ISRO) Portal. 1(a). Pin-Pointing Of Drilling Site For Exploration Of Ground Water The Remote sensing and geophysical technique is being used for selection of drilling sites, identification of ground water prospects zone and tentative yield under National Drinking Water Mission. Satellite data is being used for tentative location of drilling and geophysical investigation gives strata & expected yield. High discharge drilling -158- sites were located in Bundelkhand region using Space Technology and Geophysical investigations viz. Thousands of resistivity survey has been conducted for U.P. Jal Nigam, Minor Irrigation Dept. State Tubewell Dept. and other agencies in Bundelkhand region of U.P. 1(b). Preparation Of Ground Water Prospects Map Of Bundelkhand Under National Water Drinking Mission Satellite data has been used for the deliniation of ground water prospects units. Each unit has been classified based on Geomorphology and field investigations on 1:50000 scale. Water conservation structures, tentative yield and depth of borewell have been suggested for the entire U.P. The maps are available with U.P. Jal Nigam and on Bhuvan Portal. -159- 2. Identification Of Suitable Location For Construction Of Check-Dams etc The lithology, structures and topography of Bundelkhand varies rapidly from place to place. The remote sensing technology is a well established technology for demarcation of various water harvesting structures for the storage and recharge of water. Hundreds of sites have been suggested under various programmes, e.g., IWMP, IWRM and on demand by State Govt. 3. Periodic Monitoring Of Surface Area Of Water Bodies For Storage Capacity The water bodies in Bundelkhand regions are highly silted & encroached and reduced in their storage capacity to an alarming level. A detailed study of 17 dams (Madan Sagar, Bela Sagar, Kirat Sagar, Raipura Sagar, Kulpahar Sagar & Urwara Tal in Mahoba -160- district; Laxmi Tal, Bajpai Tal, Lathwara Tal, Baragaon Tal, Pachwara Talab & Palra Talab in Jhansi district, Chhabi Tal, Paragi Tal, Nawab Tal, Babusahib Tal & Gosain Tal in Banda district) had been carried out in 2015 using space technology which shows that there is an immediate requirement of preservation of these water bodies and their catchment area alongwith checking of encroachment and siltation. Date/Year Data used Area (Ha) 1921 U.S.G.S. Toposheet 136.59 ( 1975 Landsat MSS 88.89 1989 Landsat TM 95.11 F 2000 Landsat ETM 39.43 i 2006 Landsat ETM 51.92 g 2008 IRS LISS III 70.80 3 2012 IRS LISS III 19.94 . 4. Underwater Topography Of Major Reservoirs For The Assessment Of Siltation Pattern For Desiltation The new technology of underwater inland survey using SONAR waves (bathymetry survey) is highly useful for understanding the underwater topography and behaviour of siltation in the reservoir bed which can be used for desiltation of reservoirs and assessment of rate of siltation in due course of time. A detailed study of Matatila & Shehzad reservoirs in Lalitpur districts of Bundelkhand has been conducted. The results are highly encouraging and the reports were submitted to Irrigation Dept. U.P. (Fig4.1) 5.Watershed Wise Integrated Water Sources Management Plan The watershed wise development for water resources is being taken up in various districts of U.P. under IWMP & IWRM in Bundelkhand region. Under IWMP programme, a watershed of around 5000 hectare were selected for detailed investigation by remote sensing technology and outputs were generated in the form of water resources -161- action plan on cadastral level. Under IWRM programme Sajnam watershed of Lalitpur was taken up for the detailed investigations for establishing the technology for entire Bundelkhand region. 6.Route Alignment Of Water Supply Lines Based On Availability Of Water (Both Ground Water And Surface Water) and Its Consumption The availability of ground water varies from place to place depending on the lithology, structure and topography. The water supply scheme for a group of villages and route alignment of pipeline is being planned based on the total amount of ground water or surface water. Formation of small group of villages is highly useful for the water supply schemes. A number of schemes were suggested using the space technology in the past. Mauranipur-Torifatehpur-Garautha watersupply scheme and Katera water supply scheme in Jhansi district. -162- Ten case studies for Jhansi district is given below:- 1. Rajapur Nayay Panchayat rural drinking water 25°24’ to 25°26’ 78°24’ to 78°26’ supply scheme, Babina block, Jhansi district 2. Barwa Sagar and Adjoining area rural drinking water 25°20’ to 25°27’ 78°40’ to 78°50’ supply scheme 3. Sakrar-Magarpur-Khisni Buzurg-Pathoria Khirk 25°17’ to 25°18’ 78°50’ to 78°52’ rural drinking water supply scheme 4. Katera town and adjoining rural drinking water 25°14’ to 25°21’ 78° 50’ to 79° 2’ supply scheme 5. Mauranipur, Garautha, Torifatehpur rural drinking 25°15’ to 25°35’ 79° 4’to 79° 25’ water supply scheme 6. Kuao-Gaon group of villages rural drinking water 25° 9’ to 25° 10’ 79° 0’ to 79° 10’ supply scheme 7. Dhamna Khurd group of villages rural drinking 25°25’ to 25°33’ 78° 45’ to 78° 53’ water supply scheme 8. Khilli group of villages rural drinking water supply 25°45’ to 25°50’ 78° 55’ to 79° 5’ scheme 9. Pachar group of villages rural drinking water supply 25°30’ to 25°35’ 78° 40’ to 78° 48’ scheme 10. Erich group of village rural drinking water supply 25°45’ to 25°50’ 79° 5’ to 79° 10’ scheme -163- 7. Location Of Sites For Construction Of Dams In The Rivers Of Bundelkhand The rivers flowing through Bundelkhand has a large catchment are in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. A few dam sites have been selected in the river Baghen in Banda/ Chitrakoot district and river Betwa in Jhansi district. These sites have been selected based on their catchment area and its nature of flow etc. ( F i g 7 . 2 ) -164- 8. Canal System For Surface Water/Ground Water Optimal Utilization The augmentation of water supply schemes in association with canals is also useful for the water supply in the region like the water supply from the Dhaudhan dam in Panna reservoir to the Bundelkhand is being taken up for the water resources development. The Ken-Betwa link project is also very useful for the Bundelkhand region due to heavy discharge in river Ken during monsoon. 9.Flood Control Measures The flood situation in Bundelkhand region depends on the precipitation of rain water in the catchment area of rivers passing in the Bundelkhand region.