ANCIENT CARVED AMBERS IN THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM Faya Causey Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum Faya Causey With technical analysis by Jeff Maish, Herant Khanjian, and Michael Schilling THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM, LOS ANGELES This catalogue was first published in 2012 at http:// Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data museumcatalogues.getty.edu/amber. The present online version Names: Causey, Faya, author. | Maish, Jeffrey, contributor. | was migrated in 2019 to http://www.getty.edu/publications Khanjian, Herant, contributor. | Schilling, Michael (Michael Roy), /ambers; it features zoomable high-resolution photography; free contributor. | J. Paul Getty Museum, issuing body. PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads; and JPG downloads of the Title: Ancient carved ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum / Faya catalogue images. Causey ; with technical analysis by Jeff Maish, Herant Khanjian, and Michael Schilling. © 2019, J. Paul Getty Trust Description: Los Angeles : The J. Paul Getty Museum, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references. | Summary: “This catalogue provides a general introduction to amber in the ancient world followed by detailed catalogue entries for fifty-six Etruscan, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Greek, and Italic carved ambers from the J. Paul Getty Museum. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a The volume concludes with technical notes about scientific copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4 investigations of these objects and Baltic amber”—Provided by .0/. Figs. 3, 9–17, 22–24, 28, 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 51, and 54 are publisher. reproduced with the permission of the rights holders Identifiers: LCCN 2019016671 (print) | LCCN 2019981057 (ebook) | acknowledged in captions and are expressly excluded from the CC ISBN 9781606066348 (paperback) | ISBN 9781606066355 (epub) BY license covering the rest of this publication. These images may | ISBN 9781606060513 (ebook other) not be reproduced, copied, transmitted, or manipulated without Subjects: LCSH: J. Paul Getty Museum—Catalogs. | Amber art consent from the owners, who reserve all rights. objects—Catalogs. | Art objects, Ancient—Catalogs. | Art First edition 2012 objects, Etruscan—Catalogs. | Art objects—California—Los Paperback and ebook editions 2019 Angeles—Catalogs. | LCGFT: Collection catalogs. https://www.github.com/gettypubs/ambers Classification: LCC NK6000 .J3 2019 (print) | LCC NK6000 (ebook) | DDC 709.0109794/94—dc23 Published by the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019016671 Getty Publications LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019981057 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 500 Los Angeles, California 90040-1682 Front cover: Pendant: Divinity Holding Hares (detail, 77.AO.82, cat. www.getty.edu/publications no. 4). First edition: Every effort has been made to contact the owners and Marina Belozerskaya and Ruth Evans Lane, Project Editors photographers of objects reproduced here whose names do not Brenda Podemski and Roger Howard, Software Architects appear in the captions. Anyone having further information Elizabeth Zozom and Elizabeth Kahn, Production concerning copyright holders is asked to contact Getty Publications Kurt Hauser, Cover Design so this information can be included in future printings. 2019 editions: URLs cited throughout this catalogue were accessed prior to first Zoe Goldman, Project Editor publication in 2012; during preparation of the present editions in Greg Albers, Digital Manager 2019, some electronic content was found to be no longer available. Maribel Hidalgo Urbaneja, Digital Assistant Where URLs are no longer valid, the author’s original citations have Suzanne Watson, Production been retained, but hyperlinks have been disabled in the online and ebook editions. Distributed in the United States and Canada by the University of Chicago Press Distributed outside the United States and Canada by Yale University Press, London Contents Introduction . 1 Amber and the Ancient World . 2 Jewelry: Never Just Jewelry . 4 Amber Magic? . 8 What Is Amber? . 13 Where Is Amber Found? . 16 The Properties of Amber . 18 Ancient Names for Amber . 23 Color and Other Optical Characteristics: Ancient Perception and Reception . 28 Ancient Literary Sources on the Origins of Amber . 31 Amber and Forgery . 37 The Ancient Transport of Amber . 40 Literary Sources on the Use of Amber . 42 Amber Medicine, Amber Amulets . 47 The Bronze Age . 60 Early Iron Age and the Orientalizing Period . 62 The Archaic and Afterward . 67 The Working of Amber: Ancient Evidence and Modern Analysis . 78 The Production of Ancient Figured Amber Objects . 87 Catalogue . 91 Orientalizing Group . 92 1. Pendant: Female Holding a Child (Kourotrophos) . 94 2. Pendant: Female Holding a Child (Kourotrophos) with Bird . 102 3. Pendant: Addorsed Females . 108 4. Pendant: Divinity Holding Hares . 112 5. Pendant: Lion with Swan . 122 6. Pendant: Paired Lions . 126 Ship with Figures . 129 7. Pendant: Ship with Figures . 130 Korai . 136 8. Pendant: Standing Female Figure (Kore) . 137 9. Pendant: Head Fragment from a Standing Female Figure (Kore) . 145 Human Heads . 147 10. Pendant: Head of a Female Divinity or Sphinx . 155 11. Pendant: Head of a Female Divinity or Sphinx . 158 12. Pendant: Satyr Head in Profile . 162 13. Pendant: Satyr Head . 167 14. Pendant: Female Head in Profile . 170 15. Pendant: Winged Female Head in Profile . 173 16. Pendant: Winged Female Head . 177 17. Pendant: Female Head in Profile . 179 18. Pendant: Female Head . 181 19. Pendant: Female Head . 183 20. Pendant: Female Head in Profile . 185 21. Pendant: Female Head . 186 22. Pendant: Female Head . 188 23. Pendant: Winged Female Head . 190 24. Pendant: Female Head . 192 25. Pendant: Female Head in Profile . 194 26. Pendant: Female Head . 196 Animals . 198 27. Roundel: Animal . 199 28. Plaque: Addorsed Sphinxes . 203 29. Pendant: Hippocamp . 206 30. Pendant: Cowrie Shell / Hare . 210 31. Pendant: Lion . 214 32. Pendant: Female Animal (Lioness?) . 218 Lions’ Heads . 220 33. Pendant: Lion’s Head . 223 34. Spout or Finial: Lion’s Head . 225 35. Pendant: Lion’s Head . 227 36. Pendant: Lion’s Head . 229 Boars . 231 37. Pendant: Foreparts of a Recumbent Boar . 232 38. Plaque: Addorsed Lions’ Heads with Boar in Relief . 235 Rams’ Heads . 238 39. Pendant: Ram’s Head . 243 40..