The Space Innovation and Growth Strategy Main Report An Innovation and Growth Team report 2 A Space Innovation and Growth Strategy 2010 to 2030! Contents Contents 1! 1.0 Introduction 3! The UK Presence in the Space Economy 3! How did the UK achieve this? 4! What do Satellites do well? 6! What is the UK capability in Space? 8! Which Technologies Support Space Infrastructure? 10! How do we Organise Use of Space in the UK? 12! The Global Context 13! UK Strengths and Weaknesses 15! 2.0 Market and Technology Directions 18! Looking Forward from the 1980’s 18! Overview of Published Market Projections 19! Satellite Telecommunications 20! Transponder Supply Trends 21! Positioning, Navigation and Timing 23! Earth Observation 24! Technology Directions 25! Telecommunications - High Throughput Satellites: 26! Telecommunications - Mobile Satellites: 26! Telecommunications - small satellites 27! Opportunities Identified for Accelerated Growth 27! Extending High Speed Broadband to Rural Communities 28! Delivering TV 29! M2M Communications 29! Smart Transport Systems 30! High Profile Exploration of Near Space 31! Reusable Launch Vehicle Opportunities 31! 3.0 UK Future Position 33! Our Collective Vision 33! Trends and drivers 34! Key UK Growth Opportunities 35! Delivering Digital Britain 36! Delivering ubiquitous mobile services 38! Delivering a sustainable transport infrastructure 39! Road and rail 39! Aeronautical and maritime 40! Remote Land-Based Users 40! Public Sector 40! Delivering Smarter Homes….. And More 41! Monitoring the Planet …….Live 42! Securing access to space 44! Exploring Near Space 44! Deriving Benefits as a Committed Partner in the ESA Science Programme 45! Security and Defence 45! 1 A Space Innovation and Growth Strategy 2010 to 2030! The Size of the Prize 47! Space Infrastructure as part of Next Generation Access 47! Use of Satellites to Reduce the Carbon Impact of Super Fast Broadband 48! 4.0 Seizing Opportunities and Removing Barriers 49! The Importance of Exports 49! Opportunities for Concerted Action 51! Delivering Digital Britain 51! Environment Monitoring 52! Access to Space, Space Science and Exploration 53! Providing Resilience 55! What collective action is needed 58! Removing Policy Barriers to Cross-Government Efforts to Stimulate Growth 58! Removing Technological Barriers to Growth 60! "#$%&!'$((#)! *+! Improving Connectivity in the UK Space Community is Essential 62! Creating a Supportive Regulatory Environment (Spectrum, Outer Space Act) 63! The Need for MOUs in the Space Sector 64! Increasing Skills and Awareness 66! Government Providing the Environment for Success 69! 5.0 UK Benefits 71! Impact for the UK of Achieving the Vision 71! How Space will impact society in 20 years time 71! A Day Begins In 2030… 71! ,--./0!12#0)3$4!54!6787! 9+! ,./0!/:0!;:<(5=!>#02$4%>!54!6787! 98! ,-./0!/:0!54?:5>5%52#!#@:=$%/0>!$4@!A/0!54>;50$%5/4!54!6787! 9B! Final Remarks 76! 2 A Space Innovation and Growth Strategy 2010 to 2030! 1.0 Introduction The UK Presence in the Space such as satellite TV dishes and set top boxes and Economy devices for navigation and precision timing. Applications and software development using Space has been one of the hidden success the in orbit infrastructure are of great stories of British industry in recent years. It is a importance in securing benefits from space. The medium-sized industry with revenues of £5.9 Space Foundation estimated that in 2008 the billion in 2007 and directly employs around Space Business was a $257B industry. 19,100 people. It is also a sector where productivity is more than four times the The UK currently enjoys a 6.5% share of this national average - contributing some £145,000 market despite its public investment being only per worker to UK GDP – perhaps not surprisingly 0.014% of national GDP (compared with 0.1% in given the large capital investments and high India, 0.05% in Germany and 0.025% in Canada). skilled nature of the industry where nearly two- However, the most striking attribute of the UK’s thirds of workers have degrees. But this is an Space sector over the last decade is that it industry that punches above its weight in the UK continues its relentless growth on average at 9% economy. Oxford Economics, the highly per year. respected forecasting agency, estimates that the UK Space sector overall contributes around Space has proven to be one of only a very few £5.6 billion in value added to the UK’s GDP and sectors where growth has remained resilient supports around 68,000 jobs in the UK directly through the world-wide recession This has been and through its spending. possible because of the diverse range of customers for Space-enabled services from Science provides a very strong and vital part of commercial telecommunications to institutional our success in Space with the UK being the surveillance. As well as increasing market second-largest publisher of major Space Science demand, this growth is built on strong UK papers in the World, providing a knowledge base industrial capabilities in satellite for many other developments. The technology manufacturing, operation, exploration sensing spin-offs from Space affect industries from and in downstream applications. The UK does medicine to manufacturing. The end user well in export markets, an already important applications affect our lives in every way, from factor for this sector but also an increasingly communications at home and work to security, important one given international demand far safety, entertainment and travel. outstrips domestic needs. The UK (and everyone else) is weaker than the US in The Space Industry covers not just spacecraft consumer applications and it is not involved in but also the manufacturing of the launchers and rocket launchers or a significant player in the ground equipment. Satellites perform many human spaceflight. functions autonomously but need to be operated (supervised and controlled) from the Space is perceived differently by different ground. Satellites are also insured. These are people. To some, Space is about astronauts and termed Upstream industries. There is also the robotic craft exploring the universe. To others, much larger Downstream market place. The it is all about satellites and football. In fact downstream business sectors include the Space covers a wide range of activities from manufacture of mass market user equipment commercial communications satellites, through 3 A Space Innovation and Growth Strategy 2010 to 2030! location-based services to Science and and for weapons delivery rapidly became a key exploration. Any Space-based infrastructure will technical aspect of the Cold War period. In a support a myriad of applications and services. twenty year period the von Braun-led team took the US forward to the Saturn 5 moon rocket. It seems, like ICT, to stimulate (through its Parallel developments led to a substantial disruptive influence) pervasive and continuing Soviet capability in rocketry in the same period. improvements in diverse sectors. All of these The world had entered the era where nuclear contribute to and benefit from the Space weapons could be launched on intercontinental economy. ballistic missiles (rockets) sitting in silos or submarines. Most people are unaware of the technology which supports their services – so long as it Whilst the British could not afford the vast works well. Television is watched an average of rocket research programmes of the US and 3.5 hours per day by every person in the UK. USSR, R&D did continue on both missiles and Unknown to most viewers almost all TV content launchers. The Blue Streak launch vehicle was passes through a satellite at least once on its developed and tested but by the 1970s the UK way to the home even if it is not the “satellite decided to buy its weapon delivery systems TV” that we associate with Sky and Premier from the US and to continue launcher League football. Satellites are normally used to development at a European level. Initial distribute programmes to the digital terrestrial European launcher efforts – effectively bolting transmission network. Meteorological satellites together different parts from the various are vital to weather forecasters providing data national developments – achieved limited as well as pictures. Satellite navigation is a success. The Europeans then adopted a “clean standard feature for many vehicles and phones. start” approach very much under French leadership resulting in the Ariane launchers we Access and use of Space is fundamental to know today. defence forces. Wherever these forces are deployed, they benefit from high-capacity The satellite launchers available commercially secure communications, precision navigation, today remain almost exclusively a direct result surveillance, missile launch identification, of R&D undertaken by national governments weapons delivery and intelligence gathering. It primarily for reasons of national security. The is no coincidence that developing nations – UK currently makes a small subscription to ESA India, China and Brazil are obvious examples - towards EGAS: European Guaranteed Access to have active Space programmes. Space is needed Space, whereas involvement of the UK in the to access the premier league in more than one industrial side of Ariane has declined to almost sense! nothing today. At the same time the UK also avoided the pitfalls of investment in manned spaceflight races and other white elephant How did the UK achieve this? prestige projects, instead focussing on commercial applications. The vast majority of Space activity in the UK now lies in the private commercial sector. At about the same time as von Braun was However the origins of the Space industry stem developing the rocket to the point that it could from government initiatives made in the past. In launch an object into orbit, an Englishman, particular rocket technology is needed to install Arthur C Clarke, proposed the concept of the any Space infrastructure. geostationary communications satellite.