intake screen facility, as well as the initial C1 season’s operational experiences. Design of Large Cylindrical Fish Screens for the Darryl Hayes has been working as the USBR Lower Yellowstone Project Engineering Manager at Intake Screens, Inc. in Darryl Hayes, P.E., American Society of Civil Sacramento, CA, for the past 7 years. He has Engineers, American Fisheries Society been working on fish protection and passage systems for the past 20 years. He was The Lower Yellowstone Irrigation District diverts previously a Senior consultant at CH2M HILL up to 1400 cfs into its main canal system on the and the Fish Facility Chief at the California lower Yellowstone River in Northeastern Department of Water Resources. Darryl is a Past Montana. In late 2010, as part of a pallid President of the American Fisheries Society's sturgeon recovery program, the USBR and Bioengineering Section. USACE began construction of a new state-of- the-art screened canal headworks structure. Screening Large Irrigation Diversions, Lessons After over 100 years of unscreened operations, Learned From Screens That Have Worked And the new fish screened facility was opened in Not Worked As Planned spring 2012. The headworks will be integrated Brent Mefford, P.E., US Bureau of Reeclamation into a major river gradient fish passage facility being proposed for construction soon. When Screening water diversions located on natural completed, the new passage and protection channels is and important link in sustaining a facilities will reduce fish entrainment and open native fishery. Migratory species can be an additional 165 miles of river habitat for the especially vulnerable to unscreened diversions endangered and native fishes. The new as they often move long distances yearly headwork facility’s fish protection system exposing them to multiple diversions. National consists of twelve, 6.5-foot diameter and 25 Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) fish screen feet long cylindrical fish protection screens. criteria has become the standard for screening Each screen is designed to seal over the intake’s both anadromous and non-anadromous fish in submerged sluice gates spaced along the 350- the western United States. Both designing and foot long riverbank facility. An integrated and maintaining a large fish screen to meet flush-mounted track system was built into the hydraulic criteria can be challenging. This paper vertical concrete walls to raise the screens in covers a number of case studies and research the non-irrigation season for protection from that highlight important lessons learned in the the significant ice and flood flows common on design, operation and maintenance of larger the river. When the 71-mile long irrigation canal fish screens. Case studies will be used to is operational, each screen is lowered into illustrate many important design issues on position and an automatic brush cleaning screen layout, orientation to channel flow, system is used to keep the 1.75 mm wedgewire achieving flow conditions that assist with debris slots from clogging. The new intake facility was management, dealing with biofouling and use physically modeled at the USBR Hydraulics Lab of isolation gates. Post-construction corrective along with several river fish passage options. measures that can be implemented when The on-river screen design keeps the fish and screen flow conditions don’t quite turn out as debris in the river as opposed to traditional off- planned are also presented. Screens located in river screen designs with fish bypass facilities. California, Nevada and Colorado are discussed. The cylindrical design also reduced the facility footprint and allows diversions to occur over Brent Mefford is a hydraulic/fish passage the river’s wide-ranging water surface engineer at the Bureau of Reclamation's fluctuations. This presentation will focus on the Technical Service Center in Denver, Colorado. design, construction, and hydraulics of the He has 30+ yeas experience designing and researching fish passage and screening. In the 2012 season, we added a second diversion representing a different design model, Predator Densities And Associated Salmonid allowing the comparison of predator-prey Smolt Mortality Around Water Diversions dynamics between different commonly-used Cyril J. Michel, Jeremy J. Notch, Sean A. Hayes, diversion designs. We will present data from Steven T. Lindley this more intensive second season along with a preliminary look at data from the 2013 season. Fisheries Ecology Division This project was conceived in response to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center knowledge gap regarding how large water NOAA - NMFS - Santa Cruz Lab diversions influence predator-smolt dynamics; the majority of research on the impacts of State-of-the-art fish screens on large water diversions on salmonids concentrate on diversions effectively prevent juvenile salmon dewatering and lethal entrainment into pumps. from being entrained by the diversion, but the Refugia for Juvenile Salmonids at Fish Screens physical structure and their prey-concentrating effect may attract predators and create a local Steven L. Thomas, NOAA / NMFS predation problem. We are assessing the Civil structures built on the banks of rivers may impact of predation near two large diversions replace natural riparian habitat with vertical on juvenile Central Valley Chinook salmon concrete or steel walls. Examples include fish (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) using a screens which are designed to have smooth combination of acoustic telemetry, a DIDSON faces to allow fish and debris to move past the camera, and tethering. We expect to answer screen. Internal bypasses can limit the time these questions: exposure of fish to the screen, but only when (1) Is predator density higher near water there is sufficient head to drive the bypass. diversions relative to nearby areas? NOAA Fisheries Service and other agencies are (2) Do predators express site fidelity to the developing concepts for providing refugia areas diversions? along fish screens to allow smaller fish to (3) Is the relative smolt predation rate near escape the hydraulic influence of the diversion the diversions higher than nearby areas? What and predators that may take advantage of the about seasonal and diel predation rate lack of habitat at fish screens to prey on passing dynamics? fish. Steve Thomas will present some of the (4) What proportion of the predators’ diets refugia concepts being considered for larger fish consists of smolts near the diversions? screens on the Sacramento River in California. (5) All factors combined, does this result in higher than average smolt mortality rates near Steve Thomas has been a hydraulic engineer the diversions? with the National Marine Fisheries Service During a pilot season in 2011 on one diversion based in Santa Rosa, California since 1997. His on the Sacramento River, we gained limited has worked primarily on fish screen projects for insight into these questions. Predator densities the Central Valley Project’s Anadromous Fish were lowest near the diversion, and highest Screen Program which provides assistance to near the riverbank. Striped bass (Morone water users needing fish screens or fish screen saxatilis) did not seem to express site fidelity improvements on the Sacramento and San while Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries. He grandis) did. Finally, relative predation rates monitors fish screen performance by inspecting around the diversion were near average, with screens using SCUBA and conducting hydraulic the highest relative predation rates near the evaluations. riverbank. Red Bluff Fish Passage Project - Design & C2 Construction Challenges For 2,500 CFS Fish A Comparison Of The NMFS And Section 316(B) Screen Of The Clean Water Act Of Fish Screen Criteria Jeffrey P. Sutton, Tehama Colusa Canal, Nathaniel Olken, Jon Black, Alden Research Authority General Manager, Robert Gatton, Laboratory, Inc. CH2M HILL, Peter Rude, CH2M HILL Both EPA and NMFS have authority to provide The Red Bluff Fish Passage Improvement Project regulations and design criteria to protect fish at was a joint design and construction managment water withdrawals. The NMFS criteria were effort by the U.S.Bureau of Reclamation and created to protect anadromous salmonids and CH2M HILL for the Tehama Colusa Canal apply to hydropower, irrigation, and other Authority to allow up to 2,500 cfs of fish water withdrawals. The NMFS criteria is friendly water to be diverted from the intended to expedite the permit renewal Sacramento River to irrigate 150,000 acres of process for fish screens and bypass designs that high value crops in three counties. Unique are required by various state or federal aspects of the fish screen structure included fish regulations. EPA is authorized under the Clean refuges and a sediment jetting sytem. The Water Act to require compliance with its fish project recieved $114 million of stimulus screening regulations. EPA’s 316(b) Rule, which funding and was operational by May 2012 to is expected to be finalized on June 27, 2013, will meet a Federal Court order. be applied on a national level and impact all Mr. Rude, P.E. has been with CH2M HILL for 23 existing facilities that withdraw 2 MGD or more years and has managed several fish screen water from Waters of the US and use at least design and construction efforts for irrigation 25% or more of that water exclusively for districts on the Sacramento River over the last cooling, regardless of the species present. This 15 years. B.S. in Agricultural Engineering from presentation will highlight the differences and Colorado State University and M.S. in similarities between the NMFS and EPA fish Agricultural Engineering from University of protection strategies with an emphasis on the Arizona. impact of 316(b) regulations in the northwest. Fish Passage And Screening On Whychus Creek Mr. Olken is a Project Engineer at Alden In Central Oregon Research Laboratory, Inc. where he has been involved a wide array of projects to reduce the Les Perkins, Farmers Conservation Alliance human impacts on aquatic organisms.