ARNALDO VIDIGAL XAVIER DA SILVEIRA PART I THEOLOGICAL AND MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW ORDO MISSAE PART II THE THEOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS OF A HERETIC POPE TRANSLATED BY JOHN RUSSELL SPANN ARNALDO VIDIGAL XAVIER DA SILVEIRA PART I THEOLOGICAL AND MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW ORDO MISSAE PART II THE THEOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS OF A HERETIC POPE Translated by John Russell Spann INDEX Works Cited in this Study…………………..…………….……………...…………………………..XIII Introduction…………………………………………………...……….…….………………………...…1 PART I – THE NEW MASS……………………………………………………………………………....……...4 Chapter I – The Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani, 1969 Edition ……………………..…………….6 A. The Institutio and the Dogma of the Transubstantiation……………………………………………...6 B. Number 7 of the Institutio…………………………………………………………..…………….…...9 C. A Propitiatory Sacrifice………………………………………………………….…..………………11 D. The “Narrative of the Institution”………………………………………………………………...….14 E. The President of the Assembly…………………………………………………………………...….15 F. Jesus Christ, the Principal Priest (Sacerdos)……………………………………………………...….19 G. A Tendency to Make the “Liturgy of the Word” Equal to the “Eucharistic Liturgy”……………….21 H. Memorial of the Resurrection and Ascension……………………………………………………......23 Chapter II – An Objection: the Institutio also Affirms Traditional Doctrine……………………..……25 A. First Answer: a Rule of Hermeneutics………………………………………………………..……...25 B. Second Answer: the Contradictory Character of All Heresies……………………………………....27 1. Arianism……………………………………………..……………………………………..…28 VI 2. Pelagianism…………………………………………………………………….….…………..28 3. Monothelitism……………………………………………………………….………………...30 4. Protestantism…………………………….……………………………………………...…......30 5. Jansenism…………………………………………………………………….………….....….31 6. Modernism…….………………………………………………………….…………………...32 7. The “Anti-Liturgical Heresy”…………………………………………………………….…...33 C. The Third Answer: Neomodernist Metaphysics………………………………………………….….34 D. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..……...…………......37 Chapter III – The New Text of the Mass and the New Rubrics in the Ordo of 1969…….…………....38 A. Prayers Suppressed and Altered……………………………………………………..……………….38 B. New Concept of the Offertory……………………………………………………..………….……..39 C. The First Eucharistic Prayer or the Roman Canon………………………………..………….……...47 D. The New Eucharistic Prayers……………………………………………………..…………..……...52 E. The Rite of Communion…………………………………………………………………..….……...55 F. Other Modifications in the Rubrics…………………………………………………………...……..58 G. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..………………….…63 Chapter IV – Modifications Introduced in the Ordo of 1969……………………………………….….64 1. The Principal Features of the Prologue of the Institutio…………………………………….…..…..64 2. The Priesthood of the People………………………………………………………………..………65 3. Return to the Norms of the Holy Fathers…………………………………………………….…...…68 4. Do These Errors Not Exist Today?………………………………………………………….……....69 5. Adaptation to Present-Day Conditions………………………………………………………..…….70 6. “The Eucharistic Sacrifice Is above All an Action of Christ”………………………………………72 7. The Language of Modern Theology………………………………………………………….…..…73 VII 8. The Revision of the Institutio…………………………………………….………………………….74 9. Number 7 of the Institutio………………………………………………….……………...……...…75 10. The Other Numbers which Have Been Modified………………………………………….………..77 11. Modifications in the Fixed Parts of the Mass………………………………………………………..80 12. Conclusion………………………………………………………….………….…………..………...80 Chapter V – The New Ordinary of the Mass and the Protestant Supper…………………….……….....81 A. A Slow and Cautious Reform………………………………………….……………….……….…...81 B. The Temporizations of Luther………………………………………………………...…………......88 C. A Lutheran Work on the Liturgy………………………………………………………….……...….91 1. The Lutheran Confiteor………………………………………………………………………..93 2. The Lutheran Offertory…………………………………………………………….…….……96 3. The Lutheran Canon…………………………………………………..…………..…..…...….99 4. Other Aspects of the Lutheran Supper…………………………………………....………….102 Appendix – The Infallibility of the Church in the Liturgical Laws 1. A Thesis which Is Theologically Certain………………………………………………….………..106 2. The Church Is Infallible in Matters of Discipline and Liturgy………………………….………….109 a. Saint Augustine……………………………………….………………………..…………….110 b. XVI Council of Carthage……………………………………………………………….……110 c. Indiculus………………………………………………………………………...………........110 d. Saint Thomas…………………………………………………………………………...……111 e. Council of Trent…………………………………………………..……………….………....111 f. Sixtus V…………………………………………………………………………...……..…...112 g. Saint Robert Bellarmine……………………………………………………………….…......112 h. Pius VI…………………………………………………………………………………….....112 i. Dublanchy…………………………………………………….……………………….…..….113 j. Haegy…………………………………………………………………………………......…..113 k. Pius XI………………………………………………………...…………………..…………113 l. Wernz-Vidal……………………………………………………….…………………….…....114 m. Pius XII……………………………………………….………………………….….……....114 3. A Thesis to Be Considered in Its Nuances………………………………………………………....114 4. Hesitations and Restrictive Expressions in Testimonies of Tradition………………………..….…115 VIII a. Melchior Cano…………………………………………..……………………………………116 b. Suarez…………………………………………………………………….…………….....….116 c. Father Gabriel Vasquez…………………………………………………………..….…….....117 d. Father Francisco Antonius Zaccaria……………………………………………....………....117 e. Dom Gueranger………………………………………………………………………..……..117 f. D. Bouix…………………………………………………………………………...……….....117 g. Pius IX………………………………………………………………………………….……119 h. Pesch………………………………………………………………………………...…...…..119 i. Hurter……………………………………………………………………………………...….119 j. Lercher……………………………………………………………………………………..…119 k. Herve………………………………………………………………………………..….….…120 l. Father Goupil………………………………………………………………………..………..120 m. Father Cartechini…………………………………………………………..……………..….121 n. Iragui…………………………………………………………………………………...….…121 o. Liturgical feasts………………………………………………………………….…….….….121 5. Conditions under Which Liturgical Laws Involve Infallibility…………………………...……..…124 a. C. Callewaert……………………………………………………………………....….…..….124 b. Father P. Oppenheim……………………………………………………………….….….…125 c. Father Manuel Pinto……………………………………….………………………..………..129 d. Father C. Vagaggini………………………………………………………………...………..135 6. The New Missal and the Infallibility of the Church……………………………………….……….139 PART II – THE THEOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS OF A HERETIC POPE……….141 Chapter I – The Five Opinions Dealing with the Hypothesis of a Pope Heretic Expounded by Saint Robert Bellarmine…………………………………………..…………………....143 Synoptic Outline of the Opinions about the Theological Hypothesis of a Pope Heretic…………….....145 Chapter II – First Opinion: God Will Never Permit That the Pope Fall Into Heresy……………...….146 A. Nuances within this First Opinion……………………………………………………....……….…147 B. Arguments Contrary to this Opinion………………………………………………….……...….…148 1. Sacred Scripture……………………………………….……………………………………..148 2. Tradition……………………………………………....………...……………………………148 a. Documents Referring to Pope Honorius……………………………..………………148 b. During the Pontificate of Pascal II…………………………………….….…...……..150 IX c. From Gratian to Our Days……………………………………………………..……..153 C. The Answer of the Defenders of this Opinion………………………………………..………….…154 D. A Merely Probable Opinion………………………………………..………………………....….…154 Chapter III – Second Opinion – Falling into Heresy, Even Though Merely Internally, the Pope Loses Ipso Facto the Pontificate………………………………………………………......….156 a. In favor of this Opinion…………………………………………………...……...…..156 b. The Reasons that Militate Against this Second Opinion……………………….....…156 c. An Opinion Abandoned Today……………………………………………………....157 Chapter IV – The Third Opinion – Even Though He Falls into Notorious Heresy the Pope Never Loses the Pontificate……………………………………………….……………..…...158 Chapter V – Fourth Opinion – The Pope Heretic Only Effectively Loses the Pontificate upon the Intervention of an Act Declaratory of His Heresy…..………………………………...…..….161 1. Defense of this Opinion by Suarez……………………………………………….………….…......161 2. Refutation of this Opinion by Saint Robert Bellarmine……………..……..…………………...…..164 Chapter VI – Fifth Opinion – Falling into Manifest Heresy, the Pope Loses the Pontificate Ipso Facto………………………………………………………………………….…...168 1. Defense of this Opinion by Saint Robert Bellarmine……………….….………..………………....168 2. Defense of this Opinion by Father Pietro Ballerini………………….….……………………...…..169 3. Subdivision of this Fifth Opinion……………………………………..………………………...….170 4. Evaluation of this Opinion………………….………………………..…….……..………………...171 Chapter VII – In Defense of the Fifth Opinion Enumerated by Saint Robert Bellarmine………….…172 1. Possibility of a Pope Heretic……………………………………………..…………..………..……172 2. Incompatibility In Radice…………………………………………..………………..………....…..172 X 3. The Jurisdiction of the Heretic……………………………………………..…………………….....173 4. The Central Question……………………………………………………………………………….173 5. The Necessity of a Declaration Is Excluded…………………………………………………...…...175 6. The Degree of Notoriety and Divulgation……………………………………….………....………175 7. Conclusion………………………………………………………..………………………..…...…..175 Chapter VIII – The Schismatic Pope and the Dubious Pope……………………………………..…...177 A. The Hypothesis of a Schismatic Pope…………………………………………….………..….……179 1. Suarez……………………………………………………………………………………...…179 2. Cardinal Journet…………………………………………………………………………..….180 3. Cardinal John de Torquemada………………………………………………………...…..…181 4. A Schismatic Pope Would Lose the Pontificate……………………………………..………182 B. The Hypothesis of a Dubious Pope…………………………………………………..…………….183 1. A Dubious Pope Is a Null Pope……………………………………………….……..………183 2. Declaration by a Council…………………………………………………………………….184