REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN On the rights of the manuscript ABSTRACT of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ARTISTIC DESCRIPTION OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE IDEAS IN AZERBAIJAN SATIRIC PROSE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY Specialty: 5716.01 – Azerbaijan Literature Field of science: Philology Applicant: Parvin Aghabala gizi Huseynova Baku – 2021 The dissertation was performed at the Department of Azerbaijani and World Literature, Faculty of Philology, Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University Scientific supervisor Academician, Doctor of Philological (consultant): Sciences, Professor Teymur Hashim oglu Kerimli Official opponents: Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor Vugar Mikayıl oglu Ahmed Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor Yadulla Babir oglu Aghazade PhD in philology, Associate Professor Elchin Huseyn oglu Mammadov Dissertation council ED 1.05 of Supreme Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan operating at the Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi of ANAS Chairman of the Academician, Doctor of Philological Dissertation council: Sciences, Professor _________________ Isa Akbar oglu Habibbayli Scientific secretary of the Dissertation council: PhD in philology, Associate Professor ________________ Ismikhan Mahammad oglu Osmanli Chairman of the scientific seminar: Doctor of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor _________________ Alizade Bayram oglu Asgarli GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCH Relevance of topic and extent of doing the research. The literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reflecting the interests of the people, was a mirror of its glorious history, a carrier of nationalist ideas, and united its readers around humanistic ideals and the ideology of independence. It is well known that the ideological invasion pursued by the state policy in Russia and Iran after the Gulustan and Turkmenchay treaties aimed at destroying the national self-consciousness of our people was ineffective. The idea of liberty has continued to live in public opinion through our oral, written literature. Thus, the realism of national unity and the idea of freedom, which has advanced in our literature since the seventeenth century, has reached a new phase in the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, satirical literature, especially the satirical generation, played an important role in the promotion of the ideas of national liberation. J. Mammadguluzadeh, A. Hagverdiyev, and other writers have written satirical methods of internal and external barriers on the way to national liberation and called on the people to fight for national independence. However, just as the Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan, literature had been hampered by the study of works promoting the ideas of national independence, as artistic ideas of national minority had been eroded. Some of these works were left out of the study, and some were investigated according to Soviet ideology. As Azerbaijan regained its independence, it became possible to evaluate the satirical generation's service to our national independence in a new direction, like many of our literature's problems. As far as the study of the history of Azerbaijan's independence has been concerned, the study of our satirical generation, which is a page of that history, serving the national self, has become an important issue. The study of the satirical generation is also relevant because it opens the possibility for a deeper study of the literary process in Azerbaijan in the early twentieth century, the re-evaluation of the satirical style of literary models, and the socio-political problems of writing satirical works. 3 The study of the artistic features of the satirical generation is also one of the factors that make the work relevant. Also one of the most pressing problems of our science is the study of many problems of Azerbaijani literature, including the satirical generation based on research criteria of the period of independence. We can classify research into the satirical artistic origins of the early 20th century over the course of our research: - satirical literature, as well as satirical literary prose, has been explored as a literary form, with clear directions for ideas, themes, and problems; - Our satirical literary prose has been studied more specifically as the Molla Nasreddin literary school; - New facts on the life and creativity of publishers have been revealed, their artistic heritage has been re-examined, non-research works have been studied, and some of these works have been re- analyzed by modern research criteria; - Certain prose works have become special research objects. A.Mirahmadov's "Studies in Azerbaijani Literature" 1 , "Azerbaijan Molla Nasraddinini" 2 , "History of the publication of N.Ahundov's Molla Nasreddin"3, "Azerbaijan satire magazines: 1906- 1920"4, "Problems of development of Azerbaijan satire" (1920-1980)5. However, only Ahmad Shahov's research involved materials from the 20th century. A.Abiyev's monograph "Satire in Turkish literature (late 19th - early 20th century)"6 examines some of the qualities of satire, in A. 1 Mirəhmədov Ə. Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatına dair tədqiqlər / Ə. Mirəhmədov. – Bakı: Maarif, –1983. 2 Mirəhmədov Ə. Azərbaycan Molla Nəsrəddini / Ə. Mirəhmədov. –Bakı: Yazıçı, –1980. 3 Axundov N. “Molla Nəsrəddin” jurnalının nəşri tarixi /N.Axundov. –Bakı: Azərnəşr, –1959. 4 Axundov N. Azərbaycan satira jurnalları: 1906-1920-ci illər / N.Axundov. – Bakı: AzSSR EA, –1968. 5 Əhmədov B. Azərbaycan satirasının inkişaf problemləri (1920-1980-ci illər): / filologiya elmləri doktoru dissertasiyası) / – Bakı, 2005 6 Abıyev A. Türk ədəbiyyatında satira (XIX əsrin axırları - XX əsrin əvvəlləri) / 4 Mammadov's book "National Liberation Movement in Azerbaijan (first half of 19th and 20th century)"7 in the development of national thinking. Academician I.Habibbeyli's monograph "Jalil Mammadguluzadeh: environment and contemporaries"8 characterized the landscape of the literary and social environment of that time by analyzing the meetings of J.Mammadguluzadeh, the role of the environment in the formation of his legacy, the life and work of his contemporaries. This monograph laid the foundation for the study of the ideas of independence in our satirical prose. The problems of realism and satirical generation in N. Huseynov's "The problem of realism in the literary-theoretical thought of Azerbaijan"9 and B. Babayev's "satire in the realist generation of Azerbaijan"10. The issue of comprehensive study of poetry, prose, and journalism in the magazine "Molla Nasreddin" by I.Agayev "The great memory of our historical memory" 11 is raised. It is also interesting to study the ideas of independence in the heritage of individual authors. For example, H. Hasanov's monograph "The views and activities of N. Narimanov's national statehood"12, article by L. Mehdiyeva "Publication of MS Ordubadi"13 and others. for example. However, because these scientific works investigate one or more issues in satirical literature, and involve the creativity of individual writers, some important problems have been left out of the A.Abıyev. –Bakı: Elm, –1991. 7 Məmmədov Ə.Azərbaycanda milli-azadlıq hərəkatı (XIX-XX əsrin I yarısı) / Ə.Məmmədov.–Bakı: ADPU, –2009 8 Həbibbəyli İ. Cəlil Məmmədquluzadə: mühiti və müasirləri /İ.Həbibbəyli. – Naxçıvan: Əcəmi, –2009 9 Hüseynova N. Azərbaycan ədəbi-nəzəri fikrində realizm problem: / filologiya üzrə fəlsəfə doktoru dissertasiyası) / –Bakı, 2007. 10 Babayev B. Azərbaycan realist nəsrində satira /B.Babayev. –Bakı: Elm, –2008 11 Ağayev İ. Tarixi yaddaşımızın böyük yadigarı / İ.Ağayev. –Bakı: Elm, –2006 12 Həsənov H. Nəriman Nərimanovun milli dövlətçilik baxışları və fəaliyyəti /H.Həsənov. –Bakı: Elm, – 2005 13 Mehdiyeva L. Məmməd Səid Ordubadinin publisistikası // Mədəniyyət. – 2010, 5 may. 5 study, and these issues have made writing the dissertation work. The object and subject of the research. The research object of the dissertation is to study the artistic reflection of the idea of national independence in the examples of satirical prose written in the first 30 years of the XX century, and the subject is J.Mammadguluzadeh, A.Hagverdiyev, O.F.Nemanzadeh, U.Hajibeyli, N.Narimanov and others. satirical fiction of prominent writers, satirical media, researches of researchers on the problem, scientific works of Azerbaijani, European and Russian literary critics. Goals and tasks of the research. The main goal of the research is to examine and evaluate the role of our satirical generation in promoting the idea of national independence in the early twentieth century, the literary and historical significance, and the specifics of independence. The following tasks have been identified for this purpose: - Characterizing the history of the development of our satirical artistic generation, define the general picture of the national satirical art of the early twentieth century, and the peculiarities of the Molla Nasreddin style; - To study the attitude to the Azerbaijani satirical prose in the researches conducted during the Soviet and independence periods. Methods of research. In the dissertation historical-comparative, philological methods, historical-typological analysis, theoretical research methods and application of theoretical-methodological requirements of modern poetry to the texts were used as methodological aspects. The paper also used theoretical methods of Azerbaijani, European and Russian literary studies, the experience and results