Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11496-8 — Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin Index More Information Index Achaemenid Persian Empire, 149 Aryan Language, 189 Adulis, 228 Ashoka, 154 Afanasevo,24 Assyrian Empire, 158 Afrasiab, 179 Atheas, 159 Age of Disunity, 241, 244, 261, 263, 264 Augustus, 120, 127, 129, 130 Aksu, 105 Augustus, 117, 131, 133, 138, 142, 144, Alai Valley, 139 146, 161, 162, 167, 170, 186, 194, 213, Alexander of Macedon, 151 225, 226, 227, 258, 278 Alexander Severus, 255, 256 Aurelius Victor, 258 Alexandria, 154 Avesta, 268 Alexandria on the Tigris, 229 Ammianus Marcellinus, 248, 272, 284 Bactra, 38, 75, 78, 84, 101, 108, 132, 137, Amu Darya, 37, 38, 68, 76, 98, 108, 139, 140 180, 183 Bactria, 75 Amyrgian Saka, 159 Bactrian Camel, 112 An Shigao, 157 Bai Yue, 232 Ancient Globalization, 12 Balikh River, 131 Andronovo,24 Ball, Warwick, 5 Angkor, 270 Ban Chao, 173, 182, 187 Angkor Thom, 270 Barbaricum, 219 Angkor Wat, 270 barracks-emperors, 259 Angra Mainyu, 267 Barygaza, 219 Annales group, 11 Basra, 229 Antigonids, 154 Battle of Cannae, 124 Antioch, 131, 133, 135, 166, 175, 284 Battle of Carrhae, 119, 161, 162 Antiochus IV, 230 Battle of Gaugamela, 153 Antiochus VII, 156 Battle of Hormozdgan, 250 Antonine Plague, 272 Battle of Naissus, 257 Antoninus, 164, 174, 272 Battle of Nihawand, 254 Anxi, 76 Battle of Philippi, 162 Apologos, 135, 229, 230, 231, Battle of Plataea, 152 Appian of Alexandria, 136, 284 Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 266 Arabian Peninsula, 226 Bay of Bengal, 206, 232 Ardashir, 198, 238, 245, 249, 250, 267 Begley, Vimala, 221 Arikamedu, 221 Begram Treasure, 200 Aristotle, 142 Belzoni, Giovanni, 215 Armenia, 150, 161, 163, 164, 166, Benares, 189 171, 255 Berenike, 215 Arsacid Dynasty, 155 Bet Dwarka, 219, 294 Arsinoe, 214 Big History, 6 Artabanos II, 159, 160 Bodhisattva Maitreya, 193, 195 Artavasdes, 161 Bombyx mori moth, 115 298 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11496-8 — Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin Index More Information Index 299 Book of History, 115 curule chair, 186 Book of Rites, 115 Cyrus II, 149 Bronze Age, 21 Buddha Sakyamuni, 193 Damascus, 133 Buddhism, 260 Daoists, 53 Byzantine Empire, 14, 251, 253, 258 Dar al-Islam, 14, 238, 281 Byzantium, 266 Darius I, 149, 158, 209, 267 Daryae, Touraj, 251, 254, 268 Caligula, 144, 162 Dasht-i Nawar, 189 Cambodia, 270 dastkirt, 156 Cambyses, 149 Dayuan, 29, 72, 74, 85, 111, 168, 199 Camelus bactrianus, 112 de Crespigny, Rafe, 273 Cao Cao, 241 de la Vaissière, Etienne, 97, 110, 199, 235 Cao Pi, 241 Deccan Plateau, 206 Caracalla, 167, 174 Decius, 273 Caravanserai, 106 Delian League, 152 Carthage, 121, 122, 125, 273, 274, 285 Dereivka, 18 Cary, Max, 138 Dharma, 262 Cassius Dio, 119, 144 Dio Cassius, 186, 272 Celts, 159 Diocletian, 145, 167, 254, 259, 284 Chabur River, 131 Diodorus Siculus, 211, 284 Chandragupta, 247 Domestication of the Horse, 25 Chang Jian, 43 Domitian, 164 Chang’an, 5, 58, 60, 68, 71, 74, 76, 80, 89, Dong Zhongshu, 62 92, 93, 95, 97, 100, 102, 103, 106, 114, Dong Zhou, 240 117, 136, 140, 141, 187, 222, 226, 235, Dunhuang, 95, 100, 103, 104, 105 236, 239, 240, 242, 262, 278 Dura-Europos, 166, 251 Chao Cuo, 70 dvinavadhana, 210 Characene, 173, 228, 229, 230, 231, 293 Characene/Mesene, 230, 231 Early Han Dynasty, 57 Charax Spasinou, 229, 230, 231 East Asia, 43 chariot, 24 Eastern Han, 58, 240, 242 Charlesworth, Martin, 140 Eastern Jin, 242 Cherson, 159 Ebola, 272, 274 Christian Topography, 251, 252, 287 Ecbatana, 131, 156, 160 Christianity, 265 Edict of Maximum Prices, 145 Cimmerians, 158 Egyptian civilization, 208 Claudius, 137, 162, 257, 274, 285 Emperor Diocletian, 266 Claudius Gothicus, 274 Emperor Huan, 174, 240 Cleopatra, 213 Emperor Wudi, 60 Coa Vestis, 142 Empress Leizu, 114 Cobb, Matthew, 213, 216, 217 Eohippus, 26 coloni, 258 Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum, 170 Commodus, 167 equal field system, 244 composite bow, 30 Equus, 27 Confucianism, 52 Erbil, 167 Confucius, 52 Erdkamp, P., 223 Constantine, 255, 259, 266 Erlitou, 46 Constantinople, 266 Erythraean Sea, 212 Cos, 142 Essenes, 265 Cosmas Indicopleustes, 251, 252, 287 Eucratides, 183 Cribb, Joe, 186, 193 Euphrates River, 131, 161, 166, 229, 251 Crisis of the Third Century, 254 Eurasian steppe, 18 Ctesiphon, 156, 166, 167, 173, 228, 250, Euthydemus, 183 251, 252, 254, 255 Eutropius, 258 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11496-8 — Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin Index More Information 300 Index Faxien, 179 Hedi, 240 Ferghana Valley, 37, 72, 77, 85, 108, Hedin, Sven, 4 139, 159 Heliocles, 183 Fitzpatrick, Matthew, 225 Hephthalites, 177, 189, 248 Flavian Dynasty, 163 Hepu, 234 Funan, 270 heqin,69 Hermaeus, 183 Gaius Marius, 126 Hermapollon, 224 Galen, 273, 291 Hexi Corridor, 100, 103, 104 Gallic Empire, 257 Hindu Kush, 107, 108, 183, 185, 223, Gallienus, 255 246, 248 Gallus, 273 Hinduism, 269 Gan Ying, 173, 228 Hippalos, 210 Gandhara, 14, 181, 193, 194, 195, 235, Hisar Valley, 139 291, 292 Historia Augusta, 258 Gansu Corridor, 35 History of the World Conqueror,32 Gaza, 133, 226, 231 homo erectus,98 General Cheng Chi, 86 Horace, 142 General Guo Chang, 84 Hou Han Shu, 157, 173 General Huo Qubing, 78, 81 Howgego, Christopher, 225 General Li Guang, 79 Huang He, 43 General Li Guangli, 85 Huhanye, 94 General Meng Tan, 55 Huvishka, 192, 197, 198, 246 General Wei Qing, 78 Hyspaosines, 230, 286 General Zhao Ponu, 84 gers, 19 Ili River valley, 37 Gibbon, Edward, 163 Indo-European, 22 Gilgit Valley, 110 Indo-European languages, 23 Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 127 Indo-Parthians, 182 goldilocks conditions, 7 Indus Civilization, 208 Gondophares, 184, 185 Indus Valley, 36, 44, 91, 140, 186, 200, Goths, 256 208, 222, 223, 235, 236, 248, 253 Great Colonnade., 136 International Hydrographic Great Indian Road, 75 Organization, 206 Great Kushans, 190 Iranian Plateau, 91, 108, 148, 149, 156, Great Wall of China, 54 208, 229 Greco-Bactrian kingdom, 180, 183, 249 Isidorus of Charax, 130 Gregory the Miracle-worker, 266 Grumbat, 248 Jade Gate, 100, 103, 118, 284, 290 Guangzhou, 234, 235, 290 Jennings, Justin, 13 Guanzi,93 Jesus Christ, 265 Gui, 37 Jin Dynasty, 242 Guishuang, 182 Jingdi, 70 Gulf of Aqaba, 227, 231 Jiuquan, 82, 84, 85, 103 Gulf of Kutch, 219 Julio-Claudian Age, 142 Gulf of Suez, 214, 227 Julio-Claudian Emperors, 265 Guptas, 177, 191, 247, 248 Julius Caesar, 127 Juvaini, Ata-Malik, 32 Hadrian, 133, 164, 166, 170 Han Dynasty, 57 Kampyr Tepe, 183 Han Shu,35 Kandahar, 132 Hanging Pass, 109 Kangju, 74 Hannibal, 122, 123, 124, 125, Kanishka I, 179, 188, 190, 191, 192, 203, Harper, Kyle, 274 246, 288 Heavenly Horses of Dayuan, 72 Kanishka II, 245 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11496-8 — Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin Index More Information Index 301 Kanishka III, 246 Malay Peninsula, 270 Kapisa, 180 Maldives, 232 Karachi, 219 Mandate of Heaven, 50 Karakoram Highway, 108, 110 Manesus, 171 Karakorum, 36, 107, 108, 109, 111, 199, Manichaeism, 269 223, 235 maniples, 121 karez, 99, 100, 105 Marathon, 152 Kashgar, 104, 105, 108, 110, 139, 140, Marcus Aurelius, 164, 166, 167, 174, 272 186, 199 Marinus of Tyre, 4, 137 Khalchayan, 180, 182, 183, 184, 293 Mathura, 14, 181, 189, 193, 194, 197, 246 Khotan, 105, 186, 288 Mauryan Dynasty, 154 Khunjerab Pass, 109 Mauryan Empire, 191, 209, 247 Khusro I, 251, 252, 253 mawsim, 206 Khyber Pass, 222 Maximinus I, 255 Kidara II, 248 Medes, 149 Kidarites, 177, 248, Mehendale, Sanjyot, 201 Kingdom of Aksum, 214 Merv, 108, 131, 137, 140, 159, 160, 161 Kings Canal, 131 Merychippus, 27 Kipunda, 246 Mesohippus, 26 Kong Fuzi, 52 Militarized Nomads, 29 Kopet Dag, 149, 156 Millar, Fergus, 131, 132, 226 Krishna River, 225 Miohippus, 26 Kucha, 105 Miran, 105, 195 Kujula Kadphises, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, Mithraism, 142 190, 221, 235, 249 Mithridates I, 156, 169, 230 Kumarajiva, 262 Mithridates II, 76, 160, 230 Kunlun Massif, 77, 105, 106 Modu, 34 kurgany,21 Mogao, 95, 104 Kushan Empire, 176 monsoon, 206 Kushanshar, 245 Muza, 226 Muziris, 205, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224 Lahore, 224 Muziris Papyrus, 224, 225, 282, 294 Lake Baikal, 83 Myos Hormos, 216 Lake Issyk Kul, 37 Lake Trasimene, 124 Naghas, 246 Later Han Dynasty, 58, 239 Nahapana, 219, 223 latifundia, 167 Nalanda, 248 Legalism, 53 Nanjing, 242, 263 Lelang, 64 Nanyue, 64, 233, 234 Leuke Kome, 226 Narain, A.K., 93, 190, 246 Li Ying, 240 Neapolis, 131 Lingdi, 240 Nerva, 163, 164 Liu Bang, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 69, 102, 239 Nerva-Antonine Dynasty, 163 Liu Xiu, 66, 239, 240 Nestorians, 266, 267 logographic script, 48 Nestorius, 266 Longmen, 263 Nile River, 208, 209, 214, 215 Longshan culture, 46 Nirvana, 262 Lop Nur, 103, 195 Nisibis, 164 Lucius Annaeus Florus, 119, 170 Noin-Ula, 33 Lucius Cornelius Sulla, 126, 161 Northern Qi Dynasty, 244 Lucius Verus, 164 Northern Wei Dynasty, 244 Northern Zhou Dynasty, 244 Macrinus, 167 Maes Titianus, 138, 140, 293 Octavian, 127 Maghas, 246 Odaenathus, 257 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11496-8 — Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin Index More Information 302 Index Ohrmazd, 267, 268 Qijia Culture, 45 Olsen, Kelly, 145 Qin Dynasty, 53 Omana, 231, Quseir al-Quadim, 216 Oracle bones, 47 Orobazus, 161 Rabatak, 177, 188, 189, 190, 203, 288 Oroses I, 164 Rezakhani, Khodadad, 5 Ovid, 142 Rhapta, 226 Oxus, 37 Royal Road, 150 Royal Scythians, 157 Pacorus II, 173 Rubicon River, 127