Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 2019 Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 Producer Statistics Sweden Regions and Environment Department SE-104 51 Stockholm, Sweden 010-479 40 00 Enquiries Sara Frankl 010-479 48 04 [email protected] Enquiries Viveka Palm 010-479 42 19 [email protected] It is permitted to copy and reproduce the contents of this publication. When quoting, please state the source as follows: Source: Statistics Sweden, Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 ISSN: 1654-0743 (Online) URN:NBN:SE:SCB-2019X41BR1902 _pdf This publication is only available in electronic form at www.scb.se. 1 Statistics Sweden – Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 Foreword We commit to engaging in systematic follow-up and review of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda over the next 15 years. A robust, voluntary, effective, participatory, transparent and integrated follow-up and review framework will make a vital contribution to implementation, and will help countries to maximize and track progress in implementing the 2030 Agenda in order to ensure that no one is left behind. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Statistics Sweden hereby submits a statistical review of Sweden’s implementation of the 2030 Agenda, as the Swedish Government has commissioned us to compile. It also constitutes follow-up on the analysis of Sweden’s fulfilment of the Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda, which Statistics Sweden submitted to the Government in April 2017. The entire report consists of this document, tables published on Statistics Sweden’s website and information in the form of metadata descriptions linked to the statistics. This is also published on Statistics Sweden’s website. The review has been compiled with contributions from a great number of authorities and other organizations. Statistics Sweden would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their kind cooperation. We hope that the report provides a basis for broader social debate, based on facts, on the road towards a more sustainable society. Statistics Sweden, 27 September 2019 Joakim Stymne Director General Statistics Sweden – Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 2 Contents Foreword ................................................................................. 2 Summary ................................................................................. 4 Further information about the statistics ............................. 12 About Goals, indicators and Goal fulfilment ....................... 14 Leaving no one behind ......................................................... 17 2020 targets .......................................................................... 18 Goal 1 – No poverty .............................................................. 21 Goal 2 – Zero hunger ............................................................ 26 Goal 3 – Good health and well-being ................................... 30 Goal 4 – Quality education ................................................... 41 Goal 5 – Gender equality ...................................................... 53 Goal 6 – Clean water and sanitation .................................... 62 Goal 7 – Affordable and clean energy .................................. 67 Goal 8 – Decent work and economic growth ........................ 70 Goal 9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructure ................ 77 Goal 10 – Reduced inequalities ............................................ 85 Goal 11 – Sustainable cities and communities .................... 94 Goal 12 – Responsible consumption and production ........ 100 Goal 13 – Climate action .................................................... 105 Goal 14 – Life below water ................................................. 108 Goal 15 – Life on land ......................................................... 113 Goal 16 – Peace, justice and strong institutions ................ 116 Goal 17 – Partnerships for the Goals.................................. 124 Conclusions – How is Sweden faring in relation to Goals and targets? ............................................................................... 132 What do others say? ........................................................... 135 Table annex ........................................................................ 139 3 Statistics Sweden – Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 Summary The Sustainable Development Goals in the 2030 Agenda are about creating decent and sustainable living circumstances and conditions for all people. Since prospects are local and differ to varying degrees among countries, while the Sustainable Development Goals are global, the challenges and strengths of each country are unique. What is the situation with Sweden in relation to the Global Goals? It is not always possible to make an assessment on the fulfilment of targets in the Global Goals under the 2030 Agenda. A discussion of target levels and ways to reach the targets with regard to several of the social goals would be helpful with a view to future reviews. In the absence of target levels, mainly two types of comparisons are made. One describes indicators’ progress over time and the other describes international comparisons. When governments around the world adopted the 2030 Agenda, they undertook to implement it in accordance with their conditions and nationally relevant targets. In other words, Sweden’s fulfilment of targets should be viewed in relation to both national targets and targets agreed upon at the international level. Twenty-one of the 169 targets have 2020 as the target year, rather than 2030. Sweden can be considered to have met many of these targets, based on international comparisons and the global indicators. However, continued efforts are important concerning several of the targets. This is reflected in, not least, the national targets on injuries from road accidents and the environmental targets for oceans and forests. How to read this summary A brief summary follows concerning areas where we see the clearest results. These are grouped in five themes that all cover an aspect of sustainability. The items for each theme are presented, in general, in numerical order based on the relevant Goal. In some cases, in which a departure from this ordering has been better for the overall picture, this has been done. How sustainable is Sweden? Planetary sustainability Sweden will not meet the target of zero net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2045 unless the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is significantly accelerated. Similarly, Sweden will not meet the target of sustainable use of oceans and marine resources, and threatened species continue to be eradicated at the same rate as before. Admittedly, domestic carbon dioxide emissions are shrinking at the same time as Statistics Sweden – Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Sweden Statistical Review 2019 4 the economy is growing, but not at the rate required to meet the targets. Swedish consumption also drives emissions abroad. At the same time, Sweden meets the target of conserving coastal and marine areas, and the share of conserved forest land is growing. Water consumption is decreasing and long-term exposure to particulate matter is dropping, but the levels of unregulated hazardous chemicals is increasing. Sweden will not meet the target of zero net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2045 under the existing and adopted instruments and measures. (Goal 13) The target to sustainably use the oceans and marine resources will not be met by 2020. Problems remain concerning excessive fertilization, dangerous substances, weak fish stocks, alien species and an impact on sensitive ocean environments. (Goal 14) Marine protection comprises 13.8 per cent of Sweden’s total marine area, including the exclusive economic zone. This means that Sweden meets the global target of conserving at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas by 2020. (Goal 14) The loss of biodiversity has not been checked and the rate at which species are being eradicated has not been curbed. The highest at-risk species are those in need of agricultural land and marine environment. (Goal 15) Levels of strictly regulated hazardous chemicals are slowly falling in breast milk and blood in Sweden, while levels of substances that have not yet been regulated, such as long-chain PFAS, are rising. (Goal 2) The percentage of persons who suffer from poor air quality in the home and outside the home was at the same level in 2015 as in 2007. The difference is that more adults than children, and more women than men now report that they suffer from poor air quality. (Goal 3) Water consumption is declining in general, and this is most evident in agriculture: from 9 000 cubic metres per SEK million in value added in 2005 to 6 000 cubic metres in 2015. Households’ water consumption has also decreased. (Goal 6) In Sweden, energy intensity was 18 per cent lower in 2017 than in 2008. The objective is 20 per cent lower in 2020. There is also a target to reduce energy intensity by 50 per cent from 2005 to 2030. In 2017, energy intensity was 27 per cent lower than in 2005. (Goal 7) Carbon dioxide emissions in relation to value added shows how much emissions are needed for a certain economic contribution. Since 2010, emissions per produced unit in the economy have been falling. At the overall level, emissions have decreased,