International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 725–732, Article ID: IJMET_09_05_080 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR LOAD TRIGGERING BY EXTRACTING POWER FROM THE CONVENTIONAL WIRELESS SIGNAL WITH FREQUENCY MATCHED TO ISM BAND (2.4 GHZ) V. Prabhakaran Research Scholar, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India Dr. P. Shankar Principal, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Chennai, India Dr. P.C. Kishore Raja Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India ABSTRACT In recent scenario, the usage of Non-renewable sources is tremendously aggregated to meet the ever increasing load demand. Though renewable sources are used as a supplement, still the load demand cannot be matched. In this paper, a new conceptual inverter design is formulated which powers the load through conventional wireless signals (ISM Band – 2.4 GhZ) by a novel “Rectenna design” with an output amplification factor of (~7 times) than input signal. This design is simulated in MATLAB and the output factors are analyzed for ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical Radio) band signals. Keywords: Rectenna Design, Boost Converter, ISM band signals, Inverter Cite this Article: V. Prabhakaran, Dr. P. Shankar and Dr. P.C. Kishore Raja, A Conceptual Design for Load Triggering by Extracting Power from the Conventional Wireless Signal with Frequency Matched to ISM Band (2.4 GHZ), International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 725–732. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=5 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 725 [email protected] A Conceptual Design for Load Triggering by Extracting Power from the Conventional Wireless Signal with Frequency Matched to ISM Band (2.4 GHZ) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. About Wireless Power Transfer It is a higher order concept of transferring power without any physical contact or only by using air as a medium of transfer. The medium of concern is basically of time varying components like light waves, electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) tumbles into two major categories viz. Radiative and Non-Radiative techniques, which is concerned for far and near fields respectively. In Non-Radiative techniques (Near field), the power is transferred by the means of magnetic fields which mainly uses inductive coupling between coils of wire or by means of electric fields which uses capacitive coupling between metal electrodes since the area is within 1 wavelength of the antenna (transmitting element). Non-radiative applications include charging of smartphones, electric toothbrushes, RIFD tags, artificial cadiac pacemakers or electric automotive etc. In radiative technique (Far Field), the power is transferred by the beams of electromagnetic radiations like microwaves or laser beams since the area is beyond 1 wavelength of the antenna (transmitting element). Radiative application includes solar power satellites, confined beam energy transfer, wireless powered drone aircraft, etc. Different Technologies dealt with the wireless power transfer (WPT) with its operating frequency, transmitting element and applications are listed below. Table 1 Technologies for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Technology Frequency Range Transmitting Element Applications Induction stovetops and Inductive Coupling Hz-Mhz Wire Coils Industrial heaters, Electric tooth brush, etc. Portable devices charging, Tuned Coils, Lumped Resonant inductive coupling kHz – Ghz biomedical implants, element resonators MAGLEV, RFID, etc. Power routing in large- Capacitive Coupling kHz-MHz Metal Plate electrodes scale integrated circuits, Smartcards, etc Charging automotive, Magnetodynamic coupling Hz Rotating Magnets biomedical implants, vehicle Parabolic Dishes, Phased Solar power satellite, Microwaves Ghz arrays powering drone aircraft. Powering space elevator Light Waves >= THz Lasers, photocells, lenses climbers, Powering heavy duty remote applications 1.1.1. Basic Sketch of Wireless Power System Figure 1 Basic of wireless power systems http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 726 [email protected] V. Prabhakaran, Dr. P. Shankar and Dr. P.C. Kishore Raja 1.1.2. Enlightenment on Wireless Power System In a basic wireless power system “Transmitter” is connected to a power source commonly called as main power line, in which the conversion of power to a time-varying electromagnetic field is formulated. These generated oscillating wave fronts are transmitted wirelessly in air as an operating medium. In the receiving end these oscillating wave fronts is received by a dedicated receiver in which the conversion of oscillating wave fronts to electrical current is formulated. Wireless power transfer uses the same field and waves as wireless communication devices like radio, mobile phones, WiFi uses. 2. RECTENNA DESIGN In the recent scenario recycling of energy has become a mojor significant issue across the globe. Even though many research advancements are in-forced on renewable and non- renewable energy technologies for better utilization of the energy to full fill the energy crises, the wastage of energy in some form are always a big deal to minimize. In recent years, the advancement in wireless systems has an increased mass interest among the people because of its attractive merits. Many applications ranging from communication, data transfer, sensing, authentication, security, etc are becoming seamlessly possible in all field including industry, domestic, military & space research. However, making the world into wireless is now in reality but transferring energy wirelessly is the challenging task. Research evidence from 1960’s shows transferring power wirelessly is distance limited within a shorter range, which follows few eminent methods like inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, capacitive coupling and magnetic coupling. Later the usage of microwaves and light waves are used for better improvement in their range of access. Today’s top notch of the technology is the Mobile communication which uses high range of radio waves called microwaves for their operations. These are the derivative of electromagnetic waves which are radiated by the signal towers of the service provider. Despite of higher bandwidth the signal towers radiates intense EM waves which cause adverse effect on humans. In this paper an inverter model is designed with a depicted Rectenna module which converts the radio signal into electrical signal which is fedded to the inverter module to power up the load. Rectenna design is formulated in MATLAB under Simulink environment and the output is analyzed. In addition, an inverter model is also formulated which powers the load connected to it. 2.1. Simple Rectenna module Figure 2 Simple Rectenna Design A rectenna is a special type of antenna designed for the effective conversion of electromagnetic energy into direct current (DC) electricity. The basic design consists of dipole antenna with a diode connected across the dipole element. Normally schoktty diode is used for the better rectification because of it fast switching characteristics and lowest voltage drop which eventually have lowest power losses. This diode converts the AC current (EM Waves) into DC current which powers the load connected across to it. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 727 [email protected] A Conceptual Design for Load Triggering by Extracting Power from the Conventional Wireless Signal with Frequency Matched to ISM Band (2.4 GHZ) 2.2. Types of Rectenna Design There are many types of rectenna design such as microstrip antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, Monopole antenna, coplanar patch antenna, spiral antenna or sometimes parabolic antenna. It can also have any type of rectification circuit such as single shunt full-wave rectifier, full- wave bridge rectifiers of any other hybrid rectifiers. The conversion efficiency if formulated approximately 90% with a power output upto 8W for the input of 2.45 GHz (ISM) band. Rectenna rejects the harmonics upto 3rd order and enhance the performance characteristics. Many eminent Rectenna Design with its output power and conversion ratio is formulated under the table below. Table 2 Formulation of Conversion efficiency for various Antenna Designs RF/DC S.No Rectenna Design Input Frequency Output power Conversation Efficiency 1 Dipole Element 868 MHz 0.705 mW 49.7% 2 Conformal Antenna 2 GHz 1.2 mW 51% Microstrip Antenna 1.88 GHz to 2.45 3 20.23 mW 65% (LTE/WLAN) GHz ISM Band (2.45 4 Compact Planar Antenna 1.2 W 75% GHz) 5 Dual Polarized Rectenna 8.51 GHz 3.5 W 86% 6 Rhombic Loop Antennas 2.45 GHZ 7.5 w 91% 2.3. Rectenna in MATLAB Simulink Environment The basic rectenna design essentially contains a signal receiving unit (Dipole Antenna) and rectification circuit (Schotty Diode). These elements are depicted in MATLAB Simulink environment as Signal Generator and diode rectifiers which acts as a source for power production. The signal generator is made to fix with a value of 2.4 GhZ so as to act as a commercial ISM frequency band. This frequency from the signal generator is converted into electrical signal via diode rectifiers and then it is boosted to a higher value with an eminent “Interleaved Boost Converter”. The concept of interleaving