MAY 1, 2018 MANGROVE PROJECT SURINAME CIE4061-09 MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROJECT INSTRUCTORS: DR. IR. M. BOSCH-REKVELDT IR. S. TAS PRERPARED BY: C. ÇETE S. HAAGE V. HARDWARSING S. KALLOE A. MA-AJONG i MANGROVE PROJECT SURINAME Course CIE4061-09 Multidisciplinary Project Master programmes Construction Management and Engineering Hydraulic Engineering Universities Delft University of Technology Anton de Kom University of Suriname Project location Paramaribo, Suriname (South America) Prepared by: C. Çete, 4285883 S. Haage, 4268660 V. Hardwarsing, 4433165 S. Kalloe, 4295269 A. Ma-Ajong, 4221427 Supervisors Dr. Ir. M. Bosch-Rekveldt (Netherlands) Ir. S. Tas (Netherlands) Prof. Dr. S. Naipal (Suriname) Project sponsors: Royal Boskalis Corestats N.V. Cirkel Group N.V. Guimar De Surinaamsche Bank N.V. ii MAIN SPONSOR LOCAL SPONSORS EDUCATION PARTNERS iii DISCLAIMER The content of this report is the result of a Multidisciplinary Project conducted by students from Delft University of Technology and is made for educational purposes only. It should be noted that neither TU Delft nor the students can be held responsible for the use of the report outside of this educational scope. iv PREFACE This report has been made for the course Multidisciplinary Project (CIE4061-09), with a project group of five students from two different disciplines. A project in Suriname related to mangrove rehabilitation was executed. The rehabilitation was researched at the Weg naar Zee coast taking into account the socio-technical factors. First, we would like to thank the project’s sponsors because their contributions made our project possible. We would also like to extend our gratitude to supervisors Dr.ir. M. Bosch-Rekveldt and Ir. S. Tas for their useful guidance and support throughout this entire project. Gratitude should also be extended to Prof.dr.ir. J. Winterwerp (TU Delft) and Ir. S. Sangster (Boskalis) for their advice during this project. Finally, to our supervisor in Suriname, professor of Water and Climate at the Anton de Kom University of Suriname (AdeKUS), Prof. Dr. S. Naipal. We would like to extend our gratitude to him for guiding us for eight weeks and giving us insightful and valuable knowledge, but also for taking the time to answer our questions and facilitating us during our time in Suriname. Delft, May 2018 Ceylan Çete Samantha Haage Vishay Hardwarsing Sudarshini Kalloe Alyssa Ma-Ajong v SUMMARY The Weg naar Zee (WnZ) region of Suriname’s capital Paramaribo is dealing with coastal erosion. Images from the past 30 years have shown coastal retreats of up to 1.3 km. Mangrove forest used to be present in large numbers at the location. These mangrove forests enhance accretion, but due to different reasons, the number of mangroves has decreased significantly. Reasons are extensive land- use, climate change and periodic absence of mudbanks. Also, mangrove trees are removed by local people. Several attempts have been made to rehabilitate the mangrove at WnZ. Sediment Trapping Units have been constructed, with the purpose to enhance accretion and thereby create conditions for mangrove development. The units consist of walaba poles with bamboo as filling material. From bed level change results, field observations and interviews, it could be concluded that there is room for improvement. Therefore, the following goal of the project had been formulated: ‘To present methods for mangrove rehabilitation at the WnZ coast, which can be supported by the key stakeholders’. To present mangrove rehabilitation methods, it was necessary to gain insight regarding the WnZ stakeholders’ involvement when it comes to coastal management. Fourteen key stakeholders were identified. Then, the stakeholders were analyzed in order to understand their power, interests, goals, resources and overall position. On the basis of dependency and replaceability, three critical actors were found: Government of Suriname, AdeKUS and Inhabitants of the WnZ region. Especially stakeholders who are classified as the ‘irritant’ type need to be engaged so that they do not block the project. Inhabitants of the WnZ region belong to this category and therefore a survey among this group was conducted. Knowing the WnZ inhabitants’ involvement and the current situation at WnZ, the success factors and design requirements were then determined. The analysis showed out that the most important success factors and design requirements were that the mangrove forest must have a width of 450 m, must be dense and must consist of more than one mangrove specie. Also, a minimum bed slope of 1:1000 and a minimum sedimentation of 0.6 meter is required. Knowing the success factors and design requirements, resulted in the analysis of which mangrove rehabilitation designs are applicable and supported by the WnZ region stakeholders. The first step was conducting a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) in which five alternatives with their variants are weighed on seven criteria of which the technical-, environmental- and feasibility criteria have the highest weighting. From this analysis the top three variants are: 1) Adapted STU, 2) STU with Nourishment and 3) STU with chenier. These three variants are more elaborated into three preliminary designs. In the first design, the STUs are adapted such that sedimentation inside the STUs is expected. In the second design, a nourishment is placed inside the adapted STUs. In this design dredged material is taken from a borrow pit 4 km from the shore. In the third design a chenier is placed 2 km from the shore. Finally, support by stakeholders for the mangrove rehabilitation designs can only be gained if they are engaged. This was tackled by composing a comprehensive stakeholder engagement plan. In this plan, the following three strategies are formulated: 1) Setting up a bamboo farm, 2) Setting up a Mangrove Vacation Resort and 3) Growing salt-tolerant plants. These strategies can contribute to the economic development of the region if implemented, which could then also benefit the various stakeholders. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................. v SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ xiv LIST OF SYMBOLS ................................................................................................................................... xvi 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem statement.................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Research goal and questions ................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Approach ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Report structure ...................................................................................................................... 5 2. CURRENT SITUATION OF THE WEG NAAR ZEE REGION ................................................................... 6 2.1 Overview of the Weg naar Zee region ..................................................................................... 6 2.2 Physical aspects ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Coastal Climate at Weg naar Zee ..................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Morphodynamics ............................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3 Hydrodynamics .............................................................................................................. 11 2.3 Mangroves at the Weg naar Zee region ................................................................................ 14 2.4 Sediment Trapping Units (STUs) ............................................................................................ 15 3. STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION & ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 20 3.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Stakeholder identification ..................................................................................................... 20 3.3 Stakeholder analysis .............................................................................................................. 22 4. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ..............................................................................................................