Global Overview 2015 People internally displaced by conflict and violence FYR Macedonia Ukraine Cyprus Turkey Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan At least 200 At least Up to At least Up to Up to 8,400 Up to Kosovo 646,500 212,400 953,700 232,700 568,900 Internal displacement worldwide At least 17,100 Russian Federation At least 25,400 Serbia 97,300 Uzbekistan At least 3,400 Bosnia and Herzegovina Turkmenistan At least At least 4,000 100,400 Palestine At least 275,000 Afghanistan Libya At least 805,400 At least 400,000 Pakistan Chad At least 1,900,000 Up to 71,000 Niger Nepal 11,000 Up to 50,000 Nigeria India At least 853,900 Mexico At least 1,075,300 At least 281,400 Senegal Bangladesh Guatemala 24,000 At least 431,000 At least 248,500 Mali Laos At least 61,600 Sri Lanka Up to 4,500 El Salvador Liberia Up to 288,900 23,000 Togo 90,000 Myanmar 10,000 Iraq Up to 645,300 Honduras Côte d’Ivoire At least 29,400 At least 300,900 At least Thailand 3,276,000 Up to 35,000 Cameroon At least 40,000 Colombia Syria The Philippines 6,044,200 CAR At least At least 77,700 Up to 438,500 7,600,000 Papua New Guinea Republic of the Congo Peru At least 7,500 Up to 7,800 Lebanon At least 150,000 19,700 DRC Yemen Timor-Leste 2,756,600 334,100 At least 900 Eritrea Angola Up to 10,000 Up to 20,000 Indonesia Somalia At least 84,000 Abyei Sudan 20,000 At least 3,100,000 1,106,800 South Sudan Ethiopia 1,498,200 397,200 Burundi Kenya Up to 77,600 309,200 Based on IDMC's monitoring of displacement caused by Uganda Zimbabwe conflict and violence between January and December 2014 Up to 29,800 Up to 36,000 Global Overview 2015 People internally displaced by conflict and violence May 2015 With thanks Our work would not be possible without the generous contributions of our funding partners. IDMC would like to thank them for their continuous support in 2014. We extend our particular thanks to the following: Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAT), EuropeAid, Liechtenstein’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway’s Min- istry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA), Sweden’s International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Switzerland’s Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, the UN Agency for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Kingdom’s Department for Interna- tional Development (DFID), the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and our other donors. Authors: Alexandra Bilak, Martina Caterina, Guillaume Charron, Sophie Crozet, Laura Rubio Díaz-Leal, Florence Foster, Justin Ginnetti, Jacopo Giorgi, Anne-Kathrin Glatz, Kristel Guyon, Caroline Howard, Melanie Kesmaecker-Wissing, Sarah Kilany, Johanna Klos, Frederik Kok, Barbara McCallin, Anaïs Pagot, Elizabeth Rushing, Clare Spurrell, Marita Swain, Wesli Turner, Nadine Walicki, Michelle Yonetani Reviewers: Dora Abdelghani, Sebastián Albuja, Alexandra Bilak, Anne-Kathrin Glatz, Caroline Howard, Johanna Klos, Anaïs Pagot, Isabelle Scherer, Alfredo Zamudio External reviewers: Patrice Chataîgnier Contributors: Shervin Tadi & David Chong Wa Data analysis: Ali Anwar & Justin Ginnetti Editor: Jeremy Lennard Design and layout: Rachel Natali Printing: Imprimerie Harder Cover photo: Displaced people from minority Yazidi sect, fleeing violence from forces loyal to Islamic State in Sinjar town, walk towards Syrian border, on outskirts of Sinjar mountain (Photo: © STRINGER Iraq / Reuters, August 2014). Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7–9 CH-1219 Châtelaine (Geneva) Tel: +41 22 799 0700, Fax: +41 22 799 0701 www.internal-displacement.org ABOUT THIS REPORT The Norwegian Refugee Council’s Internal Displacement Moni- number of people that remained in displacement at the year’s toring Centre (IDMC) has monitored internal displacement since end. With regard to return figures, reliable data on IDP returns 1998. Our annual Global Overview covers people forced to flee is not available in the majority of cases and actual return figures their homes by international or internal armed conflict as well may be considerably higher. as generalised violence – be it communal, ethnic, political or It is also important to note that IDPs reported as having criminal. This report is based on data and analysis gathered returned to their places of origin may not necessarily have between January and December 2014 in 60 countries and ter- achieved durable solutions to their displacement. Those who ritories across the world. choose to integrate locally in their places of refuge or to settle Our research shows that the causes and impacts of dis- elsewhere in the country are seldom monitored, meaning little placement are multiple and often overlapping, including those information is available on their number or fate. related to disasters induced by natural hazards, which we report To produce our Global Overview, we compiled and analysed on separately. the best data available from national governments, the UN and Chapter 1 of the report describes the scale and main trends, other international agencies, national and international NGOs, causes and impacts of displacement worldwide in 2014. human rights organisations, media reports and IDPs themselves. We have made changes to the chapters that follow to make We also undertook field missions to 29 countries during 2014. this year’s report more streamlined and accessible, and to focus The availability of better data may have contributed to chang- the publication on protracted displacement, given that it was a es in figures for 2014 compared with previous years, alongside key issue in 53 of the 60 countries and territories we monitored actual increases or decreases in the scale of displacement. in 2014 and that it is a salient issue on policy agendas worldwide. We also report for the first time on four countries where new Chapter 2 describes internal displacement worldwide, but displacement took place or where data on internal displacement instead of specific entries for each country hosting internally became available: Cameroon, El Salvador, Papua New Guinea displaced people (IDPs) as in previous editions this year we have and Ukraine. grouped them into eight regions: the Americas, central Africa, Our estimates are rounded up or down to the nearest 100. We east Africa, west Africa, the Middle East and north Africa, Eu- state “up to” when we have reason to believe that the reported rope, the Caucasus and central Asia, south Asia, and south-east figures may be overestimates. This is often because only old Asia. Each section touches on the displacement situation in source data is available and we have evidence that displace- individual countries and in the region as a whole. This chapter ment has abated since. If we believe the reported figures to be also includes seven country spotlights on protracted displace- an underestimate, we state “at least”. This may be because the ment, which highlight specific challenges related to the issue source data does not cover all areas affected by displacement. in each of these countries. Countries in which the number of IDPs fell to zero during the Chapter 3 takes a close look at protracted displacement. year are included in the data table and the change explained It pinpoints the main blockages to overcoming protracted dis- on page 82. Those that had no IDPs reported for a second placement, from lack of political will to the absence of a shared consecutive year in 2014 are not included. Kyrgyzstan is the and actionable definition of protracted displacement. Drawing only such example. on our global monitoring, it identifies features and dynamics of We use UN Population Fund (UNFPA) figures to normalise protracted displacement worldwide as a basis for more informed our estimates. We do this because other population figures are action. unreliable for some of the countries we monitor, and using them We have included a new chapter (Chapter 4) on the meth- would not yield comparable percentages. UNFPA’s statistics can odological challenges of gathering figures and information on be found online at http://www.unfpa.org/swp. internal displacement. It outlines data shortfalls and require- For the purposes of this report, we include Papua New ments, and looks at potential ways of assessing and describing Guinea in the south-east Asia region; Afghanistan in the south the phenomenon more accurately worldwide. Asia region; Turkey, Ukraine and the Russian Federation in The report also includes a table of figures for each of the Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia; Zimbabwe in the east countries and territories monitored. These figures estimate Africa region; and Mexico, Central, and South America in the the total number of people living in internal displacement as of Americas region. Any boundaries, names or other designations December 2014. This includes both the number of people newly shown on maps or elsewhere do not imply our official endorse- displaced and people displaced in previous years. Estimates of ment or acceptance of them. new displacement in 2014 and of reported returns of IDPs to their homes are also provided in separate columns in the table. Due to differences in reporting by our sources, in some cases our new displacement figures reflect the total number of people displaced during the year, whereas in others they reflect only the ACRONYMS ASEAN Association of South-east Asian Nations AU African Union CAP Consolidated Appeals Process EU European Union IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICC International Criminal Court ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre IDPs Internally Displaced People IOM International Organisation for Migration JIPS Joint IDP Profiling Service NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NRC Norwegian Refugee Council NSAGs Non-State Armed Groups OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OSCE Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency USCR United States Committee for Refugees (United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants or USCRI since 2004) CoNTENTS Internal displacement in 2014: The global trends .