NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI u Ottawa L'Universit6 canadienne Canada's university mn FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES t=l FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND ET POSTOCTORALES u Ottawa POSDOCTORAL STUDIES I.'Universitc* eonadienne Canada's university Suzette Carol Philipps "AUfEMi3F[ATHESE7AUTHOROF THESIS" .?A-P;.iThe?!?gy) GRADE/DEGREE Faculty of Theology FACULTE, ECOLE, DEPARTEMENT / FACULTY, SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT Re-reading The Way of a Pilgrim: A Research Project Utilizing Contemplative Psychology TITRE DE LA THESE / TITLE OF THESIS Andriy Chirovsky DIRECTEUR (DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS SUPERVISOR CO-DIRECTEUR (CO-DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS CO-SUPERVISOR EXAMINATEURS (EXAMINATRICES) DE LA THESE/THESIS EXAMINERS Han de Wit John Gibaut Peter Galadza John Jillions Gary W. Slater Le Doyen de la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales / Dean of the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Re-reading The Way of a Pilgrim: A Research Project Utilizing Contemplative Psychology Suzette Carol Phillips Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Theology, Saint Paul University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Theology [Ph.D (Th.)] Ottawa, Canada January 11, 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-60316-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-60316-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'Internet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1*1 Canada © Suzette Carol Philipps, Ottawa, Canada, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: DIALOGUE PARTNERS 5 1.1. Christian Spirituality at the Dawn of the Third Millennium 5 1.2. Two Dialogue Partners —Psychology and Eastern Christian Spirituality 6 1.3. An Eastern Christian Spiritual Text and a Psychological Approach 11 1.3.1. Candid Narratives of a Pilgrim to His Spiritual Father [The Way of a Pilgrim] 18 1.3.1.1. The Way of a Pilgrim in Context 21 1.3.1.1.1. The Way of a Pilgrim and Eastern Christian Spirituality 21 1.3.1.1.2. The Way of a Pilgrim and the Modern Western World 24 1.3.1.2. Psychological Analysis of The Way of a Pilgrim 32 1.3.1.3. Selection of The Way of a Pilgrim as the Text of Choice 32 1.3.2. Contemplative Psychology 34 1.3.2.1. Overview of Contemplative Psychology 36 1.3.2.2. Literature Review of Contemplative Psychology 38 1.3.2.3. Contemplative Psychology in Context 41 1.3.2.3.1. Contemplative Psychology and Western Psychology 42 1.3.2.3.2. Contemplative Psychology and Stories of the Spiritual Traditions 48 1.3.2.3.3. Contemplative Psychology and The Eastern Christian Spiritual Tradition 49 1.3.2.3.3.1. Definition of Contemplative Psychology 49 1.3.2.3.3.2. Contemplation and Meditation 51 1.3.2.3.3.3. Contemplative Traditions 52 1.3.2.3.3.4. Theology 61 1.3.2.3.3.5. Psychological Insight, Knowledge and Methods in Contemplative Traditions 65 1.3.2.3.3.6. Freedom and Grace 70 1.3.2.3.4. Selection of Contemplative Psychology as the Methodology of Choice 72 1.4. Methodology 74 1.4.1. Research Hypothesis 74 1.4.2. The Way ofa Pilgrim -Edition of Choice 76 1.4.3. Language 77 1.4.4. Utilizing Contemplative Psychology to Re-read The Way of a Pilgrim 80 1.5. Summary 82 2. CHAPTER 2: THE WAY OF A PILGRIM. 84 2.1. Theories About Its Authorship 84 2.2. History of the Publication of the Text 86 2.3. The Setting -19th Century Russia 88 2.4. The Structure and Content of The Way of a Pilgrim 89 2.5. Inter-textuality of The Way of a Pilgrim 94 2.6. Literary Analysis oiThe Way of a Pilgrim 96 2.7. Narrative Structure and Use of Pilgrimage as a Root Metaphor 98 2.8. The Character of the Pilgrim and Other Figures in The Way of a Pilgrim 99 3. CHAPTER 3: KEY ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPLATIVE PSYCHOLOGY.. 102 3.1. The Person and the Experience of Reality 102 3.1.1. Concept of Humanity 103 3.1.2. Components of the Person 105 3.1.3. The Profane and the Spiritual Person and the Experience of Reality 114 3.1.4. The Development of Ego 126 3.1.5. Ego and the Christian Tradition 130 3.2. The Concept of the Way 135 3.2.1. Spiritual Development 135 3.2.2. Two Views of the Concept of Way 145 3.2.3. The Metaphor of the Path 156 3.2.3.1. Development of Humaneness 156 3.2.3.2. Sides of the Path 158 3.2.3.3. Changing Experience of Reality 160 3.2.3.4. Stages of the Path 163 3.2.3.5. The Stream of Experience 164 3.2.3.6. Challenges of Path Language 166 3.3. Transmission of the Way 168 3.3.1. Mind and Knowledge 170 3.3.2. Mind in Contemplative Psychology 171 3.3.3. The Contemplative Psychology of Thought 175 3.3.4. Connections between Thinking, Experiencing and Consciousness 177 3.3.5. Knowledge and Insight in Contemplative Psychology 178 3.4. Spiritual Practices or Disciplines 184 3.4.1. The Mental Disciplines 187 3.4.1.1. Disciplines of Thought 188 3.4.1.1.1. Intellectual Disciplines 188 3.4.1.1.2. Disciplines of Imagination 190 3.4.1.1.3. The Limitations of the Disciplines of Thought 197 3.4.1.2. Disciplines of Consciousness 198 3.4.1.2.1. Disciplines of Mindfulness 199 3.4.1.2.2. Disciplines of Insight 208 3.4.1.3. The Interplay Between the Mental Disciplines 215 3.4.1.4. The Order of Application of the Mental Disciplines 216 3.4.2. Disciplines of Action and Speech 218 3.4.2.1. Relation of the Disciplines of Action and Speech to the Mental Disciplines 223 3.4.2.2. The Double Function of the Disciplines of Speech and Action 223 3.4.2.3. The Function of the Disciplines of Action and Speech as Mirrors.... 224 3.4.2.4. The Form of the Disciplines of Action and Speech 225 3.4.2.5. The Application of the Disciplines of Action and Speech 245 3.4.2.6. The Practice of the Disciplines of Action and Speech 246 3.5. Role of the Teacher 248 3.6. Schema of Contemplative Psychology 260 4. CHAPTER 4: RE-READING THE WAY OF A PILGRIM 268 4.1. The Strannik'sIAfe Prior to His Formal Pilgrimage 270 4.2. The Strannik 's Formal Pilgrimage 281 4.3. Transformations in the Strannik 285 4.3.1. First Meeting 285 4.3.2. Second Meeting 304 4.3.3. Third Meeting 331 4.3.4. Fourth Meeting 332 4.4. The Last One Knows of the Strannik 362 4.5. General Shifts in the Strannik 362 5. CONCLUSION 379 5.1. McGinn's Invitation and Research Hypothesis Revisited 379 5.2. Points of Convergence and Divergence Between the Dialogue Partners 382 5.3. Fruit of the Dialogue Between The Way of a Pilgrim and Contemplative Psychology 392 5.4. Areas of Further Research and Investigation 398 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 406 A LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS Figure 1: A General Framework of Contemplative Psychology 262 Figure 2: An Eastern Christian Contemplative Psychology 263 Figure 3: Bondage and Healing 264-265 Figure 4: The Passion-Bound Heart 266 Figure 5: The Virtuous Heart 267 Map 1: The Russian Empire in the Late 1800s 284 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my gratitude to Professors Normand Bonneau and David Perrin, former Deans, and Professor Andrea Spatafora, present Dean of the Faculty of Theology, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Canada for their support throughout my studies. I would also like to sincerely thank my thesis director, Professor Andriy Chirovsky, for sharing his wisdom, inspiration, guidance, and encouragement over the course of many years of study and formation, and throughout the preparation of this doctoral dissertation.